The National Theatre, which took 49 years from project establishment to completion, was asked to close down.

The National Grand Theatre is one of the major geological buildings in Beijing 16 and a unique scenic spot in Beijing. As a national key cultural facility, its road to completion is quite difficult, and it takes 49 years from project initiation to completion. During this period, many professional academicians have written to ask for closure.

The National Grand Theatre was designed by the famous French designer Paul Andrews. How can the 3 billion Grand Theatre be repeatedly asked to close down? How did it complete its tortuous road of completion?

First, the construction of the Grand Theatre ran aground.

The planning of every large building needs to invest a lot of manpower, financial resources and material resources. Before talking about the controversy caused by the Grand Theatre, let's take a look at the reasons for building it.

After consultation at the meeting, the construction project of the Grand Theatre was implemented with one hammer, and the address was selected on the west side of the Great Hall of the People. Once the project proposal was approved, Tsinghua University became the best choice for bidding, and talented designers from Tsinghua University emerged one after another. After the design team of the Grand Theatre was formed, the design draft was published soon.

But the plan is only the first draft, and the feasibility needs to be considered again and again. There is no problem in the design of the sketch, but it is full of twists and turns due to various practical problems in implementation.

The first is the issue of funds. If we want to make room for the construction of the Grand Theatre, we must demolish the surrounding environment of the Great Hall of the People. Demolition faces many problems such as demolition funds. At this time, money is particularly important. At that time, China was short of materials and backward in economy, and the country was in a state of great waste. The huge compensation for demolition makes the implementation of the Grand Theatre face many difficulties.

After the proposal was put forward, both the chairman and the prime minister attached great importance to it. Unfortunately, due to financial problems, the construction of the Grand Theatre only stays in the draft design step. No one thought that this detention was 40 years.

Then, will the Grand Theatre be forgotten with the development of the times?

Secondly, I mentioned the Grand Theatre.

The Grand Theatre was not built, and the wishes of the Prime Minister and others were not realized. This is the regret and sorrow of an era. After 40 years of reform and opening-up, with rapid development, China's national economic strength has been greatly improved, and buildings stranded due to financial problems have been put on the agenda again, including the construction of the Grand Theatre.

Then, with sufficient funds, can the Grand Theatre start smoothly?

First of all, let's take a look at the reasons why the Grand Theatre is once again valued: 40 years ago, the country wanted to build a Grand Theatre to welcome the tenth anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China; Forty years later, in order to strengthen the construction of national spiritual civilization, the state built the Grand Theatre. In the case of sufficient materials, we should keep up with the trend of the times and improve spiritual construction. The country needs important cultural facilities that are representative and symbolic, so as to embody the conceptual basis that man and art, man and spirit complement each other and make common progress.

Then, let's take a look at the project establishment process of the Grand Theatre: 1996, 10 In June, the Sixth Plenary Session of the 14th Central Committee of China decided to build a national key cultural project with international influence, including the Grand Theatre.

1998 65438+ 10, according to the deployment arrangement, a leading group for the construction of the National Grand Theatre was established to invite the world to invite tenders for the design and construction of the Grand Theatre. As soon as the invitation letter came out, 36 design units from 10 countries were invited immediately, and the Grand Theatre collected 69 bidding schemes. The fierce competition can be imagined.

1In April, 1998, the Grand Theatre was approved by the State Council, and in April, 13, it began to invite the whole world to participate in the architectural design competition. In July of the same year, a tender was held in Beijing History Museum.

1July, 1999, the relevant departments finally adopted the circular design scheme of Paris airport designer Paul Andrews and the design scheme coordinated by Tsinghua University among many schemes. Finally, the design of the Grand Theatre was finally settled.

So, is the actual project implementation really as smooth as the draft?

Third, the completion of the National Grand Theatre.

As a representative building to strengthen the construction of spiritual civilization, the Grand Theatre should be diversified and fashionable. Before the construction, the Commercial Committee of the National Grand Theatre put forward two basic principles:

First, we must not steal the limelight of the Great Hall of the People; The second is to become a world-class theater.

For example, Tiananmen Square and the Great Hall of the People are already full of local flavor. The Grand Theatre should have some innovations and breakthroughs, and also have its own highlights on the premise of setting off the Great Hall of the People. Paul Andro was chosen not because he adored foreign things, but because Andrew was a bachelor of architecture in France. The styles of large-scale buildings such as Cairo Airport and Shanghai Pudong Airport designed by him are obvious to all, both magnificent and fashionable.

After a series of bidding processes, the National Grand Theatre officially broke ground on February 3, 20061. After six years of construction, the National Grand Theatre was basically completed in September 2007. It took 49 years for the National Grand Theatre to be built.

After a series of trial runs, the National Grand Theatre was officially opened on February 22nd, 2007.

This 1958 project, which was highly valued by the Chairman and the Prime Minister, was finally completed after 49 years. It symbolizes the prosperity of a country and the realization of a generation's wishes.

1958, it is a pity that the Grand Theatre was not built due to financial problems. Fortunately, 49 years later, the national economy made rapid progress and the National Grand Theatre was successfully completed.

4. What's good about the National Grand Theatre?

1. Clever design of underground space

The construction of the National Grand Theatre is full of challenges and contains construction skills, which has overcome many technical problems. In order not to steal the limelight from the Great Hall of the People, the height of the National Grand Theatre can only be controlled at 46.285 meters. But if we want to achieve the effect of a first-class grand theater, we can only dig deeper and deeper. The underground is about ten stories high. 60% of the construction area of the Grand Theatre is underground, and the deepest part is 32.5 meters, right in the middle of the stage of the Grand Theatre.

The National Grand Theatre is by far the deepest underground public building project in Beijing, and it has to be praised for the whimsy of the designers. You know, underground space should not only consider its firmness, but also consider groundwater.

2. Innovative design overall shape

In addition to overcoming the technical problems of underground construction, its design concept is also extremely novel. Designers combine romance with reality, tradition with modernity, avant-garde with unique ideas. The shape of the whole Grand Theatre is similar to an oval egg. On Chang 'an Avenue, which is full of square buildings, the oval grand theater is like a whisper, striking and unique. More like a pearl in the lake, especially dazzling.

Originally, these two technical highlights should be the proud design concept of the Grand Theatre, but later they were written by several professional academicians to apply for closure. Why is this?

Several academicians have written to close the case.

After the grand theater was completed, there were no unexpected surprises. After seeing the actual building, it triggered a heated discussion in society. Some people say that the Grand Theatre is eye-catching and the oval design is fashionable. Some people say that this is simply a very low-level design, and there is no artistic atmosphere that a theater should have.

Public opinions are mostly based on the appearance of the Grand Theatre, so what are the reasons for several academicians to apply for closure?

First, the safety of underground space design.

According to relevant scholars, the underground17m of the Grand Theatre is the ancient channel of Yongding River in Beijing, which is located in the channel position, and its stability is full of unknowns. Moreover, the hidden huge amount of rich groundwater is a time bomb. Once water seepage happens, the consequences are unimaginable.

Although the designer has formulated a detailed solution according to the actual situation, concrete should be poured from the highest point of groundwater to form a? Underground waterproof wall? The underground waterproof wall is equivalent to a bucket, which can firmly protect the theater inside. No matter how the water outside soars, the Grand Theatre in the barrel will not be affected.

Although this concept sounds perfect, relevant scholars say that concrete has a certain age. In the event of an unexpected flood, the waterproof wall will be vulnerable. If it can't resist the flood, the whole grand theater will be flooded. It looks peaceful now, but no one can predict what will happen in the future crustal movement. After all, digging more underground buildings has certain risks.

In addition, the Grand Theatre is located in an artificial lake. Although the artificial lake is not frozen in all seasons, it will still freeze when the weather and temperature plummet, which will have a certain impact on the Grand Theatre. In order not to affect the overall beauty of the Grand Theatre, the designer adopted a closed circulation system to inject constant temperature groundwater into the water surface.

When the cold winter comes, it can achieve the effect of constant temperature, so where can people find the fun of skating?

According to the above two situations, several academicians applied to shut down the Grand Theatre. Although the artificial lake can be guaranteed not to freeze, the temperature difference in the lake where the Grand Theatre is located is in sharp contrast with the surrounding environment. In winter, you can see layers of water vapor floating on the lake. The grand theater is like a? Steamed eggs? There is no grandeur and domineering of a national grand theatre.

That's good. These related scholars are worried about both the aesthetic effect and the potential safety hazards.

The designer Paul Andro's design concept of context separation has been questioned by many people. Theater should have cultural integrity and artistry. Why use context separation?

Coincidentally, when several academicians questioned, the Charles de Gaulle airport designed by paul andreu collapsed, and the safety issue was put on the agenda again. Many people are worried about whether the underground safe passage of the National Grand Theatre is really safe. Is it possible to use thermostatic circulation system in artificial lake? Is concrete waterproofing really effective?

Some people think these concerns are unfounded. Paul andreu, as an internationally renowned designer, naturally has his considerations and measures, and the project has been audited by state organs at different levels, so there will naturally be no safety problems.

Some people think that there must be some basis for the relevant academicians to apply for an emergency shutdown, otherwise how could they be so rash? Until now, the controversy about the National Centre for the Performing Arts has not stopped. No matter what the result is, the National Grand Theatre, as one of the representatives of national Beijing architecture, faces the world and still occupies an important position in the history of human development.