Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Weather forecast - Can soilless vegetable greenhouses be planted in northeastern Inner Mongolia where the climate is cold all year round?

Can soilless vegetable greenhouses be planted in northeastern Inner Mongolia where the climate is cold all year round?

It is cold in Northeast China, so it is relatively difficult to master greenhouse technology. Attention should be paid to temperature and humidity control, nutrient solution management, inorganic nutrition and water supply, and so on.

Transfer to "rural scientific experiment"

With the extensive cultivation of vegetables in greenhouse, more and more vegetable diseases have appeared in some places in recent years, and the obstacle of continuous cropping in greenhouse soil has become an urgent production problem. Soilless cultivation technology of vegetables is one of the methods to solve this problem. Now this technology is introduced as follows:

1. Straw cultivation substrate fermentation

1. Preparation before straw composting: ① Crop straws such as wheat straw and corn straw can be selected, and the amount of straw should be twice the volume of the culture tank. For example, when planting cherry tomatoes in standard greenhouses, the volume of cultivation pots is about 20 cubic meters, and the volume of wheat straw is more than 40 cubic meters. First cut the straw into pieces, the length of which is not more than 4cm, and then soak it in water for later use. (2) Composting and fermenting straw with straw composite microbial preparation. ③ Use 4 cubic meters of cow dung. One week before straw composting, it was mixed with straw decomposing bacteria to make the straw decomposing bacteria spread in cow dung. ④ The dosage of urea is about 0.5% of straw, and 40 cubic meters of straw needs 25 kilograms of urea.

2. Straw composting method: the width of the bottom of the straw pile is 2m, the height is 1.8-2m, and the length is not limited. Every 20cm of straw, sprinkle a layer of cow dung mixed with straw decomposing bacteria and appropriate amount of urea. If the straw doesn't soak enough water, spray a proper amount of water and hold the straw tightly with your hands. It is better to squeeze out water between your fingers. After the straw is piled to the height of1.8-2m, the stacking is completed. Then covered with plastic film to reduce the evaporation of water in the reactor for 2-3 days, and the temperature in the reactor can reach above 70℃; 15d, turn the straw at the edge into the middle of the pile, and further mix the straw and cow dung evenly. If the straw is dry, it can be properly supplemented with water; After turning the pile, it will rot about 15d, at which time the straw is semi-decomposed. It has no toughness and can be broken by hand, so it can be used as a substrate for soilless culture.

2. Cultivation techniques

1. culture pond: the culture pond adopts the method of digging ditches and laying plastic film. Take the cherry tomatoes as an example: the cherry tomatoes are planted in large and small rows with a row spacing of 60-70 cm, and the cultivation grooves are dug in a single row. The cultivation tank is triangular at first, with an opening at the top of 20 cm and a depth of 25 cm, and the bottom of the tank should be flat to avoid local water accumulation; Spreading a plastic film in the cultivation pond: filling the plastic film with fermented straw as matrix and stabilizing it with a foot pad; Then plant cherry tomato seedlings with a spacing of 35 cm.

2. Install drip irrigation equipment: drip irrigation equipment is very important for soilless culture, and it is a necessary equipment for supplying inorganic nutrition and water. The main drip irrigation equipment includes power equipment, fertilizer box, filter, water meter, branch pipe and capillary. Power equipment includes water tower, central water supply variable frequency pump, etc. In areas with shallow groundwater level, a plastic hose well can be drilled in the greenhouse, driven by a self-priming pump, to meet the needs of drip irrigation in the greenhouse; The fertilizer box is specially designed to reduce water pressure loss and solve the problem of fertilizer blocking the filter; The branch pipe can be made of polyethylene pipe with a diameter of 32-40mm; The distance between drippers in the capillary is 20cm, and the distance between drippers is close, which is beneficial to the absorption of vegetable roots. Drip irrigation pipes should be laid so that the branch pipes are parallel to the back wall of greenhouse. It is best to disconnect in the middle and connect with the fertilizer tank with a tee to make the water flow split from the middle to both ends. Laying a capillary in each row, the capillary should be located in the middle of the cultivation tank as far as possible, with the dripper facing up, so as to reduce the blockage of drip irrigation.

3. Nutrient solution management: nutrient solution and fertilizer are grouped and directly added to the substrate, which is different from the traditional nutrient solution management method. The traditional preparation of nutrient solution is to dissolve macro, medium and trace element fertilizers together. Because the groundwater in the north is generally alkaline, chemical precipitation is easy to occur in the preparation process. Generally, acid is needed to adjust the PH value of nutrient solution. It is difficult for farmers to master this technology. Nutrient solution and fertilizer are directly added to the matrix in groups. Fertilizers that can form chemical precipitates are separated. First, add a group of fertilizers to the fertilizer tank. In the process of drip irrigation, the fertilizer is dissolved and dripped into the substrate. When they are completely dissolved; Stop drip irrigation and add another set of fertilizer until the drip irrigation is over.

Management method of nutrient solution: in the early stage of planting, nutrient solution is not supplied by drip irrigation, and the root system of vegetables is very small, so the nutrient solution of most emitters can not be absorbed by the root system, resulting in waste. A certain amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can be dissolved in the barrel, and the concentration is about 1 g/L, which is artificially poured around the seedlings. Once a day, continuous watering 10 day, initial drip irrigation of nutrient solution, because the seedlings are small. The amount of water and fertilizer is small, and 0.5 cubic meters of water and fertilizer can be dripped every day, once in the morning and once in the afternoon, and a group of fertilizer can be added each time; In autumn and winter, according to the seedling situation and weather conditions, the daily irrigation amount is generally controlled at about 1 m3, drip irrigation is carried out in sunny morning, and no irrigation is carried out on cloudy day; The irrigation amount can be determined by observing the accumulation of nutrient solution in the culture tank. In spring, the temperature is high, the sunshine is sufficient, the cherry tomato grows fast, and the amount of water and fertilizer for drip irrigation is controlled at about 1.5-2 cubic meters per day.

3. Cultivation effect

The sugar content of cherry tomato cultivated in soilless culture is 26.3% higher than that cultivated in soil. Pure taste, sweet and sour. Good taste; Can reduce the dosage of pesticides, the dosage of pesticides is1/4 of soil planting; Save water and fertilizer, with water consumption per shed150m3 and fertilizer purchase per shed 1500 yuan, which reduces fertilizer input by about 350 yuan/shed compared with soil planting; The output is basically flat, and the overall benefit has increased by more than 20%.