Interpretation of Key Words in Ten Analects of Confucius

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Confucius said, "It's better to keep pace with the times, isn't it? Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters? Ignorance and dissatisfaction are not gentlemen? "

Confucius said, "Isn't it a pleasure to study and review often?" ? Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters? I don't resent others for not understanding me. Isn't this also a person with high moral cultivation? "

Keyword explanation:

(1) Zi: Sir, it refers to Confucius. China was a title of respect for men in ancient times. Confucius is the Confucius in The Analects of Confucius. Confucius (55 1-479) was born in Lu (now Qufu, Shandong) during the Spring and Autumn Period.

(2) Time study: review frequently.

(3) learning: learning.

(4) Say: Yue, an ancient word, means happiness and cheerfulness.

(5) Friends: fellow students.

(6) Happiness: Happiness.

(7) People don't know: This sentence is incomplete. Didn't say anything that no one knows. It is missing an object. Generally speaking, knowing is knowing. People don't know, that is, others don't know themselves.

(8) yùn: angry, angry.

(9) Gentleman: a person with high moral cultivation.

(10) said, said.

(1 1) And: a sequential conjunction, which means that two connected parts are downward and cannot be translated.

(12) 1: Pronouns refer to old knowledge learned.

(13) No: table judgment.

(14) Hu: The auxiliary word is equivalent to "horse". "Not so good ... Hu", that is, "isn't it?" .

(15) From: From.

(16) Know: I understand.

This paragraph 1 sentence is about learning methods. For knowledge, "learning" is only a cognitive process, and "learning" is a consolidation process. If we want to acquire more knowledge, we must unify "learning" with "learning". The second sentence is about learning pleasure. Like-minded people can enhance friendship and learn from each other.

The second one: dealing with people, translating.

Ceng Zi said, "I (wú) live in three provinces (xǐng) every day. I (wú) was unfaithful to (wèi)? Don't believe in making friends? Chuán is not used to it? " ("learning")

Ceng Zi said: "I reflect on myself many times every day: Have I tried my best to advise others? Are you sincere to your friends? Have you been reviewing what the teacher taught you? "

Keyword explanation:

(1): Ceng Zi was born in Nanwucheng (now Feixian County, Shandong Province) in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. His surname was Shē n. He was once a favorite pupil of Confucius and was famous for his filial son. It is said that the Book of Filial Piety

(2) Three provinces (xǐng): introspection for many times. Note: There are several explanations in the three provinces: First, repeated inspections; Second, check from many aspects. In fact, in ancient times, adding numbers before verbs with actions meant that there were many actions, which did not have to be recognized as three times. Third, it means many times. I have conducted self-examination and introspection many times.

(3) Loyalty: The old note says: Doing one's best is loyalty. Here, you should do your best for others.

(4) Faith: The old note said: Believers are sincere. Honesty means trust. People are required to keep faith with each other according to the rules of etiquette, so as to adjust the relationship between people. It means sincerity and honesty.

(5) Pass on without learning: Pass on (verb as noun), and the old note says: "The teacher passes on. What teachers teach themselves to learn, just like the word "learn while learning", refers to review, practice, exercise and so on.

Explanation of supplementary words:

Wu: Me.

Day: Every day.

Three: Many times.

Province: check and reflect.

Pro: Pro.

Seek: to seek something.

Loyalty: Do my best.

Faith: sincerity and honesty.

Biography: knowledge imparted by teachers.

Third: learning methods.

Confucius said, "Reviewing the past and learning the new can be a teacher." -politics.

translate

Confucius said: "reviewing what you have learned can (can) gain new knowledge and experience. With this, you can be a teacher of others."

Keyword explanation:

Note: In this chapter, there are two solutions to "review the old and learn the new": review the old and learn the new; The second is to "review the past and learn the new": on the one hand, we should review the stories of laws and regulations, on the other hand, we should strive to acquire new knowledge.

I think it may be more complete to combine these two solutions: within my ability, read the classics as widely as possible, think over their meanings repeatedly, and review what I have heard regularly to gain experience and understanding; And strive to absorb new knowledge; In this way, we can expand the field of human knowledge, and closing the door can also give the sages the meaning of the wisdom era. The integration of the old and the new, the integration of the ancient and the modern, can be called "reviewing the old and knowing the new."

Some scholars believe that it is inappropriate to review the past and learn the new, because literally, they just absorb the ancient and modern knowledge without understanding the experience, just like the sellers of knowledge, they are not enough to be teachers. So let's look at the meaning of "teacher" first. There is a word "teacher" in chapter 14 of The Analects of Confucius, which means the same as today's teacher.

Wen: Review.

Old knowledge (adjectives are used as nouns)

And: conjunction, indicating inheritance, but

Knowing the new: there are two meanings: gaining new experiences and understanding new content.

Yes, you can.

By virtue of.

Act as a verb.

Teacher: Teacher, teacher.

One: The auxiliary word "le" at the end of the sentence.

Another word explains:

Review the past and learn the new (idiom):

Please pay attention to learning new things instead of reviewing old ones.

Commentary: text: review; So: old. Review old knowledge and gain new knowledge and experience. This also means recalling the past and better understanding the present.

From: The Analects of Confucius: "Reviewing the past and learning the new can be a teacher." Han Bangu's Ode to the East: "Review the past and learn new difficulties, and those who know virtue are fresh."

Example: ~ is an important method in learning.

Grammar: linkage; As predicate and attribute; For study, work or other purposes.

Fourthly, the translation of the relationship between learning and thinking.

Confucius said, "Learning without thinking is useless, and thinking without learning is dangerous." (politics)

Confucius said, "Learning without thinking is a waste of time and you are at a loss. If you think without learning, you will be confused and not get it. "

Keyword explanation:

Learning: learning. This refers to rote learning without seeking answers.

And: conjunction, indicating a turning point.

Then: conjunctions are equivalent to "JIU" and "Bian".

Thinking: thinking, thinking.

W m 4 ng (w m 4 ng): confused. It means confused and at a loss.

Danger: harmful.

This paragraph talks about the dialectical relationship between learning and thinking, and thinks that they should not be neglected.

Fifth, the translation of learning attitude.

Confucius said, "You, teacher (r incarnation), know it! What you know is what you know and what you don't know is what you don't know. But what you know. " -(politics)

Confucius said, "Zhong You, let the teacher teach you the attitude of knowing and not knowing!" Knowing is knowing, and not knowing is not knowing. This is very clever. "

1, teach women to know!

Teach you the correct attitude of knowing or not knowing! (Yang Bojun, The Analects of Confucius)

2, prostitutes know!

Let me tell you what knowledge is! (Li Zehou, "reading of the analects of confucius")

3, you know!

I'll teach you how to calculate, you know! (Qian Mu's New Interpretation of the Analects of Confucius)

4. Hey, what do women know?

Education (teaching), you know? (nan huaijin's Analects of Confucius)

5. What do you know about your niece?

Do you know everything I taught you? (Xu Zhigang's Interpretation of The Analects)

6, prostitutes know!

(I) taught you, (you) understand! (Full Interpretation of Middle School Students' Textbooks in Xue Jinxing)

7. Let me teach you. Do you understand this truth? (Yang Rungen, Discovering the Analects of Confucius)

Confucius said, "Zhong You, teach you the attitude of knowing and not knowing: knowing is knowing, and not knowing is not knowing-this is wisdom."

Keyword explanation:

Female: Tong Ru, personal pronoun, you.

Zhi (Zhi): Tongzhi originally means "yes": Tongzhi is clever.

One: Confucius taught it.

Teach: to teach, impart.

Hu: Phonetic auxiliary words.

Author: Zhong Youzi (Luz) (542 ~ 480 BC) was born in Bianqiao Village, Quanlin Town, surabaya county City, Shandong Province during the Spring and Autumn Period. Confucius is a proud student and is famous for his political affairs.

Yes: here it is.

Confucius said in this paragraph, be careful what you say and do, don't exaggerate your knowledge and skills, be realistic, be honest and modest, and don't pretend to understand.

Sixth, the translation of learning attitude.

Confucius said, "If you don't do it, you will be introspective." (Liren)

Confucius said: "when you see a saint, you want to see him;" When you see an immoral person, you should reflect on yourself and see if he has similar problems. "

Keyword explanation:

Thinking: Hope, thinking.

Province: refers to reflecting on whether the same problem exists.

Qi: Be consistent.

Sage: A person with both ability and political integrity.

Yan: both, equivalent to, from it.

This paragraph should learn from everyone, pay attention to learning anytime and anywhere, learn with an open mind and learn from others.

Seventh: the translation of learning attitude.

Confucius said, "In a threesome, there must be a teacher. Choose good and follow it, and change it if it is evil. " ("Shu Er")

Confucius said, "When several people walk together, one of them can be my teacher. We should choose their advantages to learn. If we see their shortcomings, we should reflect on whether we have the same shortcomings as them. If it is, it should be corrected together. "

Keyword explanation:

There must be my teacher: someone must be my teacher.

Three: generally speaking, there are many people; In ancient Chinese, "three" is often not a specific number. Sometimes it's real, sometimes it's empty.

Good: Together.

Must: adverb, must.

Teacher: Teacher, sir.

Yan: the word "Yu" is there;

Choice: choice.

Its: pronouns refer to them.

Good man: ok, here refers to the advantages.

And: sequential words.

Follow: follow the study.

Wisdom: the word refers to those who choose their goodness and follow it; Refers to a kind person; This is good: advantages.

One: the word refers to the bad guy being changed; the word refers to the bad guy, that is, the bad guy.

Change: change.

Eighth: cultivate one's morality and cultivate one's nature, and translate to be a man.

Zeng Zi said, "A scholar has to be faithless, and he has a long way to go. Benevolence is not very important. Isn't it far after death? " ("Taber")

Ceng Zi said: "An ambitious person must be broad-minded, strong and brave, because he shoulders a great mission (or responsibility), and the road to realizing the mission is far away. Isn't it great to realize the ideal of' benevolence' as your mission? Isn't it far to die without fighting? "

Keyword explanation:

An ambitious person.

Hongyi: Broad-minded, strong and brave.

Benevolence: This refers to Confucianism pushing others and being kind to others.

Ren: responsibility.

Has: stopped.

Far: Far away.

Ninth: cultivate one's morality.

Confucius said, "Cold tells the decline of pine and cypress." (Zi Han)

Confucius said, "It's cold, so you know that pine and cypress leaves fall late."

Keyword explanation:

This is a structural auxiliary word, used between the subject and the predicate, which cancels the independence of the sentence and becomes a biased structure, which is not translated or barely translated as "yes".

Cold: the cold season of the year, deep winter.

Then (ancient and modern characters): Ran, Hou. It means to explain separately. Ran, that's it, Hou, Hou.

This passage is a metaphor for a persevering social phenomenon, not following the crowd, maintaining integrity and perseverance.

Rule 10: cultivate one's morality.

Zi Gong asked, "Who can walk for life without saying a word?" Confucius said, "I forgive you! Don't do to others what you don't want. " (Wei Linggong)

Zi Gong asked: "Is there a sentence that can be pursued for a lifetime? Confucius said, "It's probably the word" forgiveness "! Don't impose what you don't like on others. "

Keyword explanation:

In a word: in a word.

Good: Pursuit.

Forgive: Maybe, maybe. Forgiveness: Thinking about other people's hearts with your own heart means putting yourself in the Confucian shoes and being kind to others.

Desire: like, think. Want to (do).

S: Apply.

Qi: Probably.

"Don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you" in this paragraph means don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you. It has positive significance in today's social moral cultivation and has become a warning motto.