Some problems about plum blossom

Latin scientific name: Mei

Named after apricot

English name: Mumeplant Japanese

Alias: Chun Mei, dried plum, red plum, green plum, green plum, etc.

Rosaceae, Prunus.

Significance: Plum blossom is the spiritual symbol of the Chinese nation.

The national flower is a symbol of national image and national spirit. The national flower has the symbolic meaning of the national business card (Dr. Tao, China Academy of Social Sciences). Plum blossom is the spiritual symbol of our Chinese nation and China, and it has a strong and universal appeal and impetus. Plum blossom symbolizes the spiritual quality of perseverance, perseverance, courage to struggle and self-improvement. The lofty quality and loyalty of marching forward against the snow, smelling the cold and smelling the fragrance, and being hard-core and cold-hearted have inspired generations of China people to explore bravely and create an excellent life and civilization. Some people think that Mei's character and integrity almost freehand brushwork the spirit of our "descendants of the dragon". The whole country, from celebrities to cloth clothes, has loved plum blossoms for thousands of years. "In the history of literature and art, the number of Mei poems and paintings is enough to make any kind of flowers fall behind." China people appreciate flowers, not only for their appearance, but also for their personality and spiritual strength.

Morphological characteristics:

The plant height is about 10m, and the trunk is brownish purple with multiple longitudinal lines. Branchlets are green. Leaf blade broadly ovate to ovate, margin serrate. 65438+ 0 ~ 2 flowers per node, sessile or short-stalked, the original species is pale pink or white, and the cultivated varieties are purple, red and colored spots to yellowish colors, which bloom in early spring. Plum blossoms can be divided into departments, classes and types. Such as real plum, apricot, cherry plum, etc. Plum blossom is a small deciduous tree, with grayish brown trunk, slender green hairless branchlets, oval or round leaves, fine teeth on the leaf margin, and flower buds planted in the axils of long branches, with 1-2 flowers per node, fragrant, 5 petals, white to water red, double petals. The drupe is nearly spherical, with suture, yellow or green, pilose and sour, and the pulp is not easy to separate from the drupe, and the fruit matures in June and July. (See Figure 2- 1)

There are many varieties of plum blossoms, and there are more than 30 varieties at present. According to the branches and growth posture, the varieties can be divided into, right-angled plum, Zhao and Longyoumei. According to the pattern, it can be divided into palace powder, red plum, Zhao, green calyx, scarlet, jade butterfly and other types. Among them, palace powder is the most common, with pink flowers and dense and thick flowers; Jade butterfly-shaped flowers are purple and white; Green calyx flowers are white and fragrant, especially "money green calyx".

Origin and habit:

Plum blossom originated in the southwest of China, and wild plum first evolved into ornamental plum, which is a branch of plum blossom. China wild plum has four sub-centers, namely, eastern Sichuan and western Hubei mountainous areas; Southeast Hubei, northeast Jiangxi, Anhui and Zhejiang mountainous areas; Guangdong and Guangxi, southern Jiangxi mountainous areas and Fujian and Taipei areas. This is a deciduous tree. Meixi has a warm climate, and its flowering period is particularly sensitive to climate change. Meixi has a high air humidity, but it avoids heavy rain during flowering. Plum blossoms can grow well in areas where the annual rainfall is above 1000mm, and the requirements for soil are not strict and relatively poor. Active tree species, like sunshine and good ventilation. It is a long-lived tree species. The flowering period in the Yangtze River basin is from February to March. Wild plums are distributed in high altitude areas such as Sichuan, Hubei and Guangxi. Plum blossoms cultivated in the south of the Yellow River can safely overwinter in the open air, and hybrid plum blossoms have successfully overwintered in the open air in Beijing. Plum blossoms like a warm and slightly humid climate, slightly tolerant of shade and not afraid of cold. The soil is light soil and sandy soil, which is rich in humus and easy to grow on medium clay loam. Chengdu, Sichuan, is famous for plum blossoms since ancient times. Song Dynasty poet Lu You's poem "Flowers in Yongmei" said: "I went to the west of the city and got drunk for plum blossoms. Twenty Li Xiang, Qingyang Palace to Huanhuaxi ".

Propagation and culture:

Grafting is commonly used in reproduction, and the rootstocks are mostly plum, peach, apricot, wild apricot and wild peach. Plum blossoms should be cultivated in the open space on sunny or semi-sunny slopes with a spacing of 3 ~ 5m. Usually in the growing period, that is, from autumn to early winter, fertilizer is applied three times, such as cake fertilizer compost, manure and so on. Apply quick-acting fertilizer before budding; After the new shoots stop growing (from the end of June to the beginning of July), appropriate water control and fertilization are applied to promote flower bud differentiation. Plum blossoms are suitable for bonsai cultivation. Put the plants that have been cultivated in the field for several years in a flowerpot. Pot soil should be soft, loose and fertile, and it should be trimmed before and after planting.

Application:

In gardens, greenbelts, gardens and scenic spots, single planting, cluster planting, group planting, etc. It can also be planted naturally in front of houses, on slopes, between rocks and on roadsides. If evergreen trees or dark buildings are used as the background, the beauty of plum blossoms can be set off. Such as pine, bamboo and plum, with pine as the background, bamboo as the guest scene and plum as the main scene. In ancient times, it was emphasized that "plum blossoms around the house" and "going upstairs to see plum blossoms" were all for the best viewing effect. In addition, plum blossoms can be arranged into Meiling, Mei Feng, Meiyuan, Meixi, Meijing and Meiwu. Plum blossom is pure and elegant, and it is an important ornamental flower in winter and spring. Can be planted in pieces, can also be used as bonsai, cut flowers, beautify the courtyard and other environments. Plums can be eaten raw to quench thirst, and can also be made into candied fruit such as preserved plum and dried plum, plum sauce and sauce. Fruit as medicine has antipyretic, antitussive, anthelmintic and dysentery relieving effects; Flower root medicine can promote blood circulation and detoxify, benefit the lungs and resolve phlegm. In addition, fruits and bark can also be used to make dyes; The trunk is an important material for handicraft carving because of its excellent material and delicate texture.

Related stories:

According to legend, when Cho Se Ung visited Luo Fu in Sui Dynasty, he dreamed of drinking at night with a plain-looking woman. The woman is fragrant, and there is a young man in green, singing and dancing. At dawn, Cho Se Ung woke up and found himself sleeping under a big plum tree, and the kingfisher was singing. The girl in the dream is a plum tree and the boy in green is a kingfisher. At this time, the moon has set and the stars in the sky are crooked. Cho Se Ung was lonely and melancholy, and was later used as an allusion to plum blossoms.

Mei Pu said that there is a kind of plum in Shaoxing and Xing Wu, which is called Taimei: "The moss must hang down between branches, or several inches long, and the wind can play the moss."

According to the legend of Wulin, there are two kinds of moss: one is very thick and has many flowers; A kind of moss is like a filament, more than a foot long.

Zaomei

plum

East wind and west wind, leaves are empty in the middle of Gunmushan.

Only plum blossoms can't be blown out, and they are still new and white.

Red Plum

Su Shi

Every year, the fragrant letter bears red berries, and the river hangs down to open.

Take care of your feelings and send spring directly to your roots.

Zaomei

liu zongyuan

Early plum trees reflect Chu Tianbi.

The north wind is floating in Ye Xiang, and the frost is white.

I want to fold it and send it thousands of miles away, but there is no way to answer the question.

Seeing that the cold winter is about to wither, what can I use to comfort my distant friends?

Yamagata Xiaomei

Limbu

Flowers withered, unique plum blossoms swept out against the wind, and the scenery of the small park was beautiful.

"Mottled shadows hang obliquely on the clear shallow water, and their fragrance spreads peacefully in the moonlight dusk."

Frost birds want to see first, and pink butterflies like to know each other.

Fortunately, there are micro songs to compare, and you don't need to be good at the golden urn.

Chinese plum

Jiang

There was a plum tree in front of Bai Yutang, and now it has several flowers.

Several doors are closed, how can Chunguang come in?

Xue Mei

Lu Meipo

For the sake of spring, Xue Mei refused to surrender, and the poet put down his manuscript fee to comment on this chapter.

The snow in Mei Xu Xun is three points white, but the snow has lost a piece of Mei Xiang.

Chinese plum

Wang Anshi

There are some plums in the corner, and cold ling opens them alone.

I knew from a distance that it wasn't snow, because there was a smell coming.

Zaomei

Wowkie Zhang

Next to Lincunxi Bridge, there is a cold plum and white jade belt.

I don't know whether it will start in the near future, but it is suspected that it has not been sold by Chun Xue.

Ode to Plum Blossoms (Bu Suan)

Mao Zedong

The spring departed in wind and rain; With flying snow it’s back again.

Although the icicles on the cliff are still hanging for miles. There is a sweet flower in it.

Joe doesn't fight for spring, he only reports it.

When the flowers bloom, she laughs in the bushes.

Mo mei

Wang Mian

The trees in Xiyan Lake near my home are covered with faint ink marks.

Don't boast about the good color, just let the air be full of dried Kun.

Mo mei

Ju Jian

Don't hate Danqing's waste painter, you don't need to seek common ground while reserving differences.

Jade capacity is not as good as western Western jackdaw color, so it is different from Han Palace.

Zaomei

Miracle

Ten thousand mu can't stand the cold, and plum trees absorb the vitality of underground heating.

In front of the village in Zita Law, a branch was opened last night.

Momei

Wowkie Zhang

Shuibian village, a valley on the hillside, was once blocked by flowers.

I still hate Dongfeng, but I hate it even more.

Mo mei

Zhao Bingwen

Painters don't make powder and fat noodles, but they are afraid that others will think I am straight.

We didn't know each other when we met. Xia Fu never cut a jade man.

Yimei

Li shangyin

Far from home, I don't want to see the scenery in spring.

Samuume is the most offensive thing, because the old one is regarded as the flower that opened last year.

Bai mei

Wang Mian

This body is in a forest of ice and snow, different from peaches and plums.

Suddenly, the fragrance of the night was scattered like a dry spring in Wan Li.

Chinese plum

Qi Wang

Free from dust at all, the bamboo fence hut is willing.

Just because I misunderstood Lin Hejing, I let the poet say this sentence.

Playing chess with Xue Zhaoming, I lost a plum blossom poem.

Wang Anshi

Fahua looks for spring and likes to see Mei, which is a pile of snow on the road.

Fengcheng Nanmo remembers its year, and it is difficult to come with the post.

Chinese plum

Gong Xingzhi

At present, who knows that cold friends are old, only plum blossoms are lonely.

The bright moon is like water every day, and the wine wakes up to listen to Yu Di.

Plum blossom soul

The plum blossoms in my hometown are in bloom again. Plum blossoms in Leng Yan always remind me of my grandfather who drifted away and died in a foreign country.

I was born in Sing Tao, Southeast Asia, and lived with my grandfather since childhood. When my grandfather was young, he read a lot of classics, history and poems. He was good at painting and calligraphy, and he was famous in Sing Tao literature. When I was very young, my grandfather used to hold me in a pear-blossom chair and taught me to read Tang poetry and Song poetry over and over again. Every time I read a sentence like "Being in a foreign land, I miss my relatives more every festive season", "Spring grass turns green, my friend's prince, and you?" And "flying freely is as light as a dream and endless rain is as thin as sorrow", there are always two cold tears falling on my cheeks and the back of my hand. At this time, I will clap my hands and laugh: "Grandpa is crying! Grandpa cried! " The old man always shook his head, sighed long and said, "Yinger, you are too young to understand!" " "

There are many antiques in my grandfather's house. I fiddle with it occasionally, and the old man doesn't care much. Only the one in the study, the meme map, which he cherishes so much that his family can't touch it. When I was five years old, I went back to my study to play, and accidentally left a dirty handprint on it. My grandfather immediately pulled down his face. For the first time in my life, I heard him reprimand my mother: "Children should be disciplined. Has this innocent plum blossom been defiled? " After the training, he gently scraped off the stains with a safety knife and then slowly wiped them off with fine silk. Seeing my kind grandfather lose his temper, I was afraid and surprised: what's so rare about a plum blossom?

One day, my mother suddenly said to me, "Yinger, we are going back to Tangshan!" " "

"Why do you want to go back?"

"That is our motherland!"

Oh! Is the motherland like a golden rooster on that map? I cheered and my little heart was filled with joy.

However, I immediately thought of my grandfather, my dear grandfather. I asked my mother, "Is Grandpa leaving?"

"Grandpa is too old ..."

I ran into grandpa's study, and the old man was lying on the rattan sofa. I said, "Grandpa, go back to your motherland!" " "

I didn't expect grandpa to cry like a child. ...

On the morning before he left, grandpa got up early, called me to the study and solemnly handed me a roll wrapped in white Hangzhou silk. I opened it and found it was Mo Mei. I said, "Grandpa, isn't this your most precious painting?"

"Yes, Yinger, you should keep it well! This plum blossom is the most famous flower in China. The flowers next to her bloom in spring, but she is different. The colder the weather, the more the wind oppresses the snow, the more energetic and delicate it blooms. She has the most character, soul and backbone! For thousands of years, our Chinese nation has produced many upright people. No matter how many hardships they have experienced and how much bullying they have suffered, they have always held their heads high and refused to bow their heads. They are like this plum blossom. A China person, no matter what the situation, always has the nature of plum blossom! "

The day I returned to China was New Year's Day. Although there is no such thing as deep winter in the tropics, the weather in1February is chilly after all. Grandpa sent us to the dock. The wind from the equator messed up the old man's tidy silver hair on weekdays, and I think grandpa has aged a lot.

The ship was about to leave, so my mother had to make a determined effort to pull me on the big passenger ship. Unexpectedly, my tearful grandfather got on the boat and handed me a handkerchief-a white linen embroidered with blood plum blossoms.

How many years have passed, every time I see this plum blossom picture and grandpa's handkerchief collection, I feel that it is not just a flower, but also an overseas Chinese old man in a foreign country.

Author: Chen Huiying

Meizi viewing resort

In the middle of winter, all flowers wither, and only plum blossoms bloom. The gesture of fighting with frost and snow adds a lot of interest to tourists. There are many scenic spots to enjoy plum blossoms in China. In addition to Meihua Mountain in Nanjing, other famous ones are:

Super mountain plum blossom is located in Yuhang County, Zhejiang Province, and is known as "Super mountain plum blossom is the best in the world". Among Merlin, two ancient beauties are particularly precious.

Lingfeng Meihua Lingfeng is located in Wu Qingzhi, the northeast corner of Hangzhou Botanical Garden. Once upon a time, it was called the three scenic spots of the West Lake together with Gushan and Xixi. At present, there are 45 varieties of plum blossom treasures from Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanghai and Anhui, including Meiyuan 160 mu, Lamei Garden 20 mu, and more than 6,000 plum plants, making it a plum viewing resort in the West Lake.

Meiyuan Garden in Dianshan Lake is the largest scenic spot to enjoy plum blossoms in Shanghai, covering an area of 190 mu, with more than 5,000 plum trees and more than 40 varieties, including Gu Mei, which is over 100 years old.

Moshan Meiyuan in Wuhan East Lake Moshan Meiyuan is one of the four largest Meiyuan in China, and it is also the location of China Meihua Research Center. Moshan Meiyuan is surrounded by mountains and lakes, and the environment is very beautiful. There are more than 30,000 plum trees, 139 varieties.

Luogang Plum Blossom: "Luogang Xiangxue", one of the eight scenic spots in Yangcheng, is located in Luogang, the eastern suburb of Guangzhou, more than 30 kilometers away. Luogang Mountain is surrounded by mountains, and plum and litchi are planted in the central valley for more than ten kilometers. Plum blossoms bloom around the slight cold every year, as if in the "Meihai".

In addition, there are Caotang Temple in Chengdu, Nanshan in the south bank of Chongqing, Heilongtan in Kunming, Meixi in Shexian Duojing Garden, and 18 caves in western Fujian, all of which are well-known beauty spots.