What are the malformations of the respiratory system?

Types and clinical characteristics of congenital respiratory system malformations to improve the early diagnosis rate of this type of disease. Methods The types, clinical and imaging data of 234 cases of congenital respiratory malformations admitted to the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Yuying Children's Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical College from July 2003 to June 2008 were summarized and analyzed. Results 234 children with congenital respiratory system malformations were diagnosed from 1 day to 14 years old, with an average age of 1.12 years. The main symptoms were persistent laryngeal stridor, repeated wheezing, repeated respiratory tract infections, dyspnea, etc. Through chest X-ray, spiral CT three-dimensional reconstruction, fiberoptic bronchoscopy and laryngoscopy, 21 cases of compound malformations and 213 cases of single malformations were diagnosed. Among the 213 cases of single malformations, laryngeal malformations (97 cases) included 90 cases of congenital laryngomalacia, 5 cases of congenital laryngeal webs, and 2 cases of congenital laryngeal cyst; tracheobronchial malformations (35 cases) included congenital laryngomalacia (branchitis). ) 17 cases of tracheal stenosis, 7 cases of congenital abnormal bronchial origin, 10 cases of tracheobronchomalacia, and 1 case of tracheoesophageal fistula; 43 cases of pulmonary malformations, including 5 cases of pulmonary sequestration, 22 cases of congenital pulmonary cysts, and 1 case of congenital large There was 1 case of lobar emphysema, 8 cases of pulmonary agenesis and hypoplasia, and 7 cases of congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung; diaphragmatic malformations (38 cases) included 20 cases of congenital diaphragmatic hernia, and 18 cases of congenital diaphragmatic bulge. Among the 37 cases of pulmonary malformations and 36 cases of diaphragmatic malformations diagnosed through surgery, 83.78% and 91.67% were initially diagnosed by clinical and imaging methods before surgery, respectively. 28 cases of congenital (bronchial) stenosis (including 11 cases of compound malformation) were diagnosed by spiral CT three-dimensional reconstruction combined with fiberoptic bronchoscopy; 10 cases of congenital bronchial origin abnormalities (including 3 cases of compound malformation) were diagnosed by spiral CT three-dimensional reconstruction. The diagnosis of laryngomalacia and (bronchomalacia) relies on laryngoscopy and fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Conclusion The diagnosis of congenital respiratory system malformations should be considered for children with persistent laryngeal stridor, recurrent wheezing, recurrent respiratory infections, and dyspnea. The types are divided into laryngeal malformations, tracheobronchial malformations, lung malformations, and diaphragmatic malformations.