The origin of the twenty-four solar terms?

The twenty-four solar terms are an important part of the lunar calendar, which was created by our ancestors by summing up the relationship among astronomy, meteorology and agriculture for a long time. It reflects the changes in Xia Dong and the farming season, and it can be said to be a household name in the whole country, especially in rural areas. It is also widely circulated in areas where overseas Chinese live in compact communities.

Twenty-four solar terms originated from the Yellow River Basin. As early as the Spring and Autumn Period, four solar terms, namely, mid-spring, mid-summer, mid-autumn and mid-winter, were formulated. Then constantly improve and perfect. In the Qin and Han Dynasties, all the 24 solar terms were established.

The time when the sun moves along the longitude of the Yellow River from zero to 15 degrees is called "a solar term". It runs 360 degrees every year, and * * * experiences 24 solar terms, twice a month. Among them, the first solar term of each month is "solar term", that is, beginning of spring, Jingzhe, Qingming, Changxia, Mangzhong, Xiaoshu, beginning of autumn, Bailu, Hanlu, beginning of winter, Heavy Snow, Xiaohan, etc. 12 solar terms; The second solar term of each month is "Zhongqi", that is, there are 12 solar terms such as rain, vernal equinox, Grain Rain, Xiaoman, summer solstice, great heat, intense heat, autumnal equinox, first frost, light snow, winter solstice and great cold. "Solar term" and "neutral qi" appear alternately, each lasting 15 days. Now people have called "solar terms" and "neutral gas" solar terms. Among them, beginning of spring, Spring Equinox, Long Summer, Summer Solstice, beginning of autumn, Autumn Equinox, beginning of winter and Winter Solstice are four seasons. There are slight summer heat, severe summer heat, slight cold, severe cold, white dew, cold dew and early frost. Rain, Grain Rain, light snow and heavy snow mean precipitation. Phenomena include fright, Qingming, xiaoman, Miscanthus, and summer heat.

The meaning of the twenty-four solar terms

Beginning of spring: beginning of spring is standing, and beginning of spring is beginning of spring.

Rain: It began to rain and gradually increased.

Sting: Sting means hiding. Sting refers to the sudden movement of spring thunder, which awakens the hibernating animals in the soil.

Equinox: Equinox means equal share. The vernal equinox means that day and night are equally divided.

Qingming: sunny and lush.

Grain Rain: Rain makes a hundred valleys. With sufficient and timely rainfall, cereal crops can thrive.

Long summer: the beginning of summer.

Xiaoman: Summer crops such as wheat are full of seeds.

Miscanthus species: Miscanthus crops such as wheat are mature.

Summer solstice: The hot summer is coming.

Summer heat: Summer heat means heat. Slight summer heat refers to when the climate begins to get hot.

High temperature in summer: the hottest time of the year.

Beginning of autumn: The beginning of autumn.

Summer heat: place means stop and hide. Summer is the end of hot summer.

White dew: The weather turns cold and the dew condenses into white.

Autumnal equinox: divided equally between day and night.

Cold dew: Dew is cold and will freeze.

First frost: it's getting colder and colder, frosty.

Beginning of winter: The beginning of winter.

Xiaoxue: It's starting to snow.

Heavy snow: the snowfall is increasing, and there may be snow on the ground.

Solstice of winter: the cold winter is coming.

Slight cold: The climate began to get cold.

Great cold: the coldest time of the year.

Mei, Fu, Jiu Jiu Mei, Fu and Jiu Jiu are miscellaneous solar terms except the twenty-four solar terms in our traditional calendar.

Chinese plum

In early summer, there will be humid air, rainy weather or thunderstorm weather in the Jianghuai basin of China, which is called "Meiyu" period or "mildew rain" period. In fact, the beginning (entering plum blossom) and ending (leaving plum blossom) of plum blossom depend on the change of meteorological conditions in that year, which is more complicated. In the traditional calendar of China, the determination of Mei season is based on the long-term experience in Jianghuai area, and it is stipulated that the date of trunk and branch should be used for calculation. According to the regulations, after the awn seeds are planted, the first C day is plum blossom, and after the intense heat, the first unfinished day is plum blossom. In this way, the meiyu period takes about one month from flowering to flowering.

Sanford

The dog days mark the hottest period of the year. As the saying goes, "the heat is at three volts." The date of the volt is also calculated according to the date of the main branch. From the summer solstice, the third day of Geng is called "initial lodging", the fourth Geng day in ten days is called "intermediate lodging", and the first Geng day after beginning of autumn is called "final lodging", which is generally called "three lodging". After the summer solstice, there are slight summer heat, great summer heat and beginning of autumn. It takes ***45 days to arrive in beginning of autumn in summer. If there are four Geng days during this period, the middling is 10 days; If it is five Geng days, it is twenty days in the middle.

The dog days are the hottest time of the year. There are ten days between two Geng days, and the days between early autumn and summer solstice are not necessarily 2 1 day and 30 days at most. The last night of the last day is at least 50 days away from the summer solstice.

Every year in the Gregorian calendar between mid-July and mid-August. At this time, the sun shines directly into the northern hemisphere of the earth, and the days are long and the nights are short. The heat absorbed by the ground is greater than the heat emitted, and the accumulated heat increases. In addition, the southeast of China is often controlled by subtropical high, the weather is sunny and rainy, and the temperature rises, so there is a saying that "heat is on dogs".

99

Item 9 starts from the winter solstice, that is, the first day of 1999, and ends on 1999 * * * 8 1 day, which is the coldest period of the year. "Spring hits 69 heads", because the first day of' 69 is the 46th day from the winter solstice, the average interval between two solar terms is 10 day, and the interval from winter solstice to 69 heads is 45 days. Therefore, the first solar term in beginning of winter after the solstice is slight cold, the second solar term is great cold, and the third solar term is beginning of spring, so beginning of spring Day must be the first day of 69.

People say, "it's nine minutes cold and three volts hot." Although the number nine is cold, it is different because of China's vast territory:

The "Jiujiu Song" in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River is: 1929 without a gun; Walking on the 3949 River;

5969 see willows along the river; Seven or nine talks, eight or nine geese come; 1999 and 1999, cattle are being farmed everywhere.

Jiangnan's "Jiujiu Song" is: 1929, meeting a husband; On March 27th, cymbals (an ancient musical instrument, meaning the fence crackled with cold wind) were played at the fence head. 4936, the night is like a heron (the night is cold like a crane); In 5945, the sun opened the door; In 6954, poor children fought for the spirit; In 7963, cloth sleeves were worn on the head; In 8972, the cat looked for the sun; Plow and rake go out together.

In Jilin, "3,949 dogs froze to death", and in Jiangsu, "3,949 old dung collectors ran all over the street", which shows that the temperature has changed greatly.

Twenty-four solar term song

The spring rain shakes the spring and clears the valley, and the summer is full of mountains and summers.

Autumn dew, autumn frost, little snow in winter and cold in winter.

The two festivals remain unchanged every month, with a maximum difference of one or two days.

The first half of the year is June 2 1 day, and the second half is August 23.

24 solar terms, climate and agricultural songs

Beginning of spring: From the beginning of spring, we should fight for six or nine heads, sow in spring and prepare for farming early. A year's plan lies in spring, and agricultural production will be high and excellent.

Rain: Rain and spring rain are as expensive as oil, which can prevent soil moisture from flowing, accumulate more fertilizer and thresh more, select fine varieties and win a bumper harvest.

Scare: The weather is warm, the air is open, hibernating insects wake up, and winter wheat is inhibited to conserve moisture, and spring wheat is raked in the cultivated land.

Vernal equinox: the spring equinox is windy and rainy, the land thaws and the spring tide begins, the rice fields are leveled and plowed early, and the winter wheat turns green and watered.

Qingming: Qingming spring grass is green, which is a good time to plant melons, beans, beets and seedlings.

Grain Rain: The snow and frost have not broken in Grain Rain, so don't delay sowing miscellaneous grains. The swallow drops when it comes back, and the branches of the nursery are connected to the orchard.

Long summer: In long summer, wheat seedlings grow taller and taller, rice seedlings should be planted on the flat ground, intertillage weeding should protect soil moisture, and the greenhouse should be windproof.

Xiaoman: Xiaoman is as mild as spring, preventing aphids, wheat stalks and flies, fertilizing rice fields to promote evil, and catching and shearing wool to prevent cold wind.

Miscanthus species: Miscanthus species have less rain and high temperature, corn seedling interplanting is fixed, wheat seeds are raised in millet valley to grab water, and weeds are eliminated in paddy field.

Summer solstice: Hail is fierce in summer solstice and early summer, and seeds are selected by removing impurities, eliminating hail and increasing rainfall, dry and hot wind, and applying fertilizer to prevent corn sticking.

Summer heat: when the summer heat enters the dog days, when Longkou grabs food, the corn is cultivated, which is not easy to prevent rain and fire.

Great summer: the rainstorm in great summer is increasing, the multiple cropping of autumn vegetables is tense, the rice blast is predicted frequently, and the seedlings in deep water are protected against low temperature.

Beginning of autumn: Autumn rain began in beginning of autumn to prevent corn borer as early as possible. Deep ploughing turned the soil into gold, and the tree hearts were picked by bud grafting in the nursery.

Xia Zhi: Summer is good for autumn, corn beets should be watered, grain and vegetables should be carefully managed in the later period, and winter wheat should be prepared for planting fertilizer.

White dew: White dew is cold at night and hot during the day. It is a good season to sow winter wheat, irrigate rice and harvest sunflower in dry fields. Early-maturing apples are busy picking.

Autumnal equinox: The autumn rain is getting colder, the rice is yellow, the autumn harvest is busy, the grain is threshed for public grain, and the mountain area is frost-proof and listening to the weather.

Cold dew: cold dew grass withers and geese fly south, potatoes and beets are busy recovering, radish and cabbage are well managed, and straw is returned to the field for fertilization in autumn.

First frost: The first frost is frozen and frosted. In autumn, soil moisture should be turned over, winter water should be poured on the anti-freezing day, threshing and drying grain, and the granary should be repaired.

Beginning of winter: In beginning of winter, the frozen soil disappeared during the day, cattle and sheep were delineated, and farmland construction reached a climax.

Xiaoxue: The first snow is floating in the light snow. Small trees and grapes were buried quickly. Use winter leisure to accumulate fat, and crops are not fat.

Heavy snow: Heavy snow and wax snow indicate a good year. Diversified management can create high yield, timely harrow and protect soil moisture, and accumulate more fertilizers to find fertilizer sources.

Winter solstice: Winter solstice lasts nine days. Sheep and livestock should be cold-proof, actively participate in night schools and technical schools, and increase production and harvest by scientific research.

Slight cold: Slight cold enters Sanjiu, makes a fortune for the New Year, attends training classes in winter, and constantly summarizes new experiences.

Great cold: Although the great cold makes farmers happy, the policy of enriching the people cannot be praised. We will continue to contract for joint production and we will be happy next year.

Seven-character poem of twenty-four solar terms

The earth goes around the sun, and it takes a year to complete a circle.

A year is divided into December, and the 24 solar terms are closely linked.

According to the Gregorian calendar, these two gases will not change every month.

The first half of the year is June 2 1 day, and the second half is August 23.

These are festivals, and the difference is only one or two days.

Twenty-four solar terms agricultural proverb

The autumnal equinox is early and the first frost is late, which is the time for cold dew to plant wheat.

Know the call, cut early rice; Cicadas accumulate hay when they fly.

The mountains are yellow and black, and plows are used to grow early wheat.

Before and after Xiaoman, Angua ordered beans.

The winter festival is at the beginning of the month, and the cold is replenished in the year; In the winter solar terms, there is no snow and no frost; The winter festival is at the end of the month, and Buhan is in February.

Thunder shakes autumn, and winter harvests half.

Dress up, stepmother will come in spring.

In the first month, the tortoise froze to death; In February, the cow died; In March, farmers died; In April, the bride died; In Qingming, Grain Rain died.

Cold dew wheat, first frost beans.

The long summer is full of rain.

In the long summer, the ears of grain cut the ground.

On the first day of June, a thunder hit nine stations.

Song of solar terms

Say you are a child, playing the lion on the first day of the first month.

Silkworm eggs are scared in February, and Qingming graves float in March.

In April, rice seedlings are planted in long summer, and in May, Duanyang eats zongzi.

Buy a fan in June and burn a master in beginning of autumn in July.

August festival is full of sesame seeds, and September Chongyang catches rotten seeds.

Wear a coat in cold weather in October and dry a cage in winter.

In the twelfth lunar month, I hide from my master everywhere.