Cultivation techniques of Hami melon

There are many varieties of cantaloupe, but the main varieties suitable for popularization and use in Yunnan are: American zucchini, Zaoqing zucchini, Cuiyu No.1, Jingdian Jasper, Heixiuli and other high-yield and disease-resistant varieties, and farmers can choose according to actual needs.

Reasonable selection of sowing date

The suitable sowing date of late cropping rice in Panxi area is 8-65438+ 10 month, and no later than 1 1.05. Spring sowing can be selected from February to March, but it is best to ensure the seasonal harvest in Tomb-Sweeping Day and Grain Rain. Generally speaking, early sowing can be considered for those with long growth period, such as American zucchini, and late sowing can be considered for those with short growth period, such as early green zucchini. Seed disinfection

Generally, seeds can be disinfected by soaking with 1% copper sulfate or carbendazim. Triamcinolone acetonide or 3% Bataan powder can be used for direct seeding to avoid the harm of underground pests.

Seedling raising and sowing

If intensive cultivation, you can choose nutrition bowl or nutrition bag to raise seedlings. The standard of nutrient soil preparation is 1000 kg, and fine fertilizer is 300-400 kg, 2. Add 5kg carbendazim (200-500g metalaxyl,100-200g Bataan powder or100-0g alachlor). 30-50 kg of calcium superphosphate and 20-30 kg of compound fertilizer, adding appropriate amount of water (soil water content is 40-50%), stirring evenly, and covering for 5-7 days. Then bag (bowl) and sow, and it is advisable to sow one seed in each bag (bowl).

Base fertilizer should be applied for direct seeding, and 3000-5000 kg of decomposed farmyard manure, 40-50 kg of calcium superphosphate and 30-50 kg of compound fertilizer should be applied per mu. Deep ditch application or deep pool application. Then cover the soil and sow, and sow 2-3 sterilized germinated seeds in each pool.

rational close planting

The planting density of cantaloupe depends on the variety. Generally, the row spacing of dwarf plants is: row spacing is 0. 60-0.80m, and the plant spacing is 0. 50m, per mu1600-2,200 ponds, and 4,000-4,500 plants are suitable; The row spacing of creeping type is 1. 50-2.00 meters, plant spacing is 0. 50 meters. 700-800 ponds per mu, 1400- 1600 plants is appropriate. Therefore, when farmers buy varieties, they must know whether the varieties are short vines or long vines.

Nest-type (dwarf vine) cantaloupe is sparsely planted, so it is impossible to obtain high yield. The long vine type (string everywhere) has high planting density, large population, poor ventilation and light transmission, no disease resistance, no melon and low yield. Therefore, we must understand the varieties and determine their planting density according to the varieties. Seedling management

Cucumber seedlings grow rapidly, especially those cultivated in nutrition bags or bowls. In order to prevent overgrowth, water and temperature should be strictly controlled, and seedlings should be cultivated step by step after they are unearthed. The temperature should be controlled at 20-25℃ during the day and around 10℃ at night.

At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the management of fertilizer and water, water the seedlings with compound fertilizer every 5-7 days, and add metalaxyl or metalaxyl aluminum and copper to prevent the harm of root rot. When the number of leaves reaches 4-5, spray with Bordeaux mixture once to prevent powdery mildew and white rust.

Field management during field period

In the early stage of seedling transplanting or direct seeding, it is necessary to hoe and plough diligently to promote root system development. All diseases come from the root system, which is underdeveloped, thin and serious. In the future, it is necessary to combine irrigation, intertillage, ridging and fertilization and strengthen management as the theme.

At the same time, it is necessary to prevent and control pests and diseases in time, with emphasis on downy mildew, powdery mildew, white rust and root rot. It is suggested to use more ecological pesticides such as Bordeaux mixture, and pay attention to using biological pesticides such as BT emulsion to control leaf miner.

When the cantaloupe grows to 3-5 leaves, it should be peeled and trimmed. Generally, the methods of "Zi Man" and "Sun Man" are adopted to make cantaloupes listed one after another.

When Hami melon grows to 5-6 leaves, topdressing should be done in time, and 20-30 kg compound fertilizer can be applied per mu to promote the growth of roots, vines and young melons. At the same time, irrigate every 3-5 days to keep the soil moist.

Field management at harvest time

Hami melon enters the first harvest period, and it should be harvested and fertilized once every time. As far as possible, quick-acting and high-efficiency compound fertilizer or urea plus calcium superphosphate is the main method, and the method is to cover soil combined with field irrigation.

In the field period and harvest period, in addition to strengthening water and fertilizer management, another focus of field management is the prevention and control of pests and diseases. Aphids are easy to occur at high temperature and low humidity, powdery mildew is easy to occur at low temperature and high humidity, and downy mildew is easy to occur at high temperature and high humidity. According to the weather conditions, do a good job in pest control.

Four diseases and three pests are most likely to occur in the field, namely powdery mildew, mosaic disease, downy mildew and root rot. These three pests are mainly liriomyza sativae, thrips and aphids. 1, environment

1) Melons need sufficient sunshine, and the daily sunshine time should be more than 10 ~ 12 hours. Keep 14 ~ 15 hours/day as usual, and the melon grows well.

2) For the soil moisture content, melon should have enough moisture when it germinates. In addition to soaking seeds to accelerate germination, the optimum soil water content for seed germination during direct seeding is about 65438 00%. The soil moisture content should be moderate at flowering and fruit-setting stage, and it is suitable to be 60% ~ 70%. The fruit expansion period requires high water content, and 80% ~ 85% is appropriate. At the mature stage, that is, after coagulation, it is better to have a water content of less than 55%. Stop watering 7 ~ 10 days before harvesting.

3) Melon is drought-resistant, saline-alkali resistant and barren, and can grow well at pH 8-9. However, it is sensitive to chlorine and should be strictly avoided in cultivation. Hydrogen chloride cannot be used as potash fertilizer. In the whole growth process, the proportion of main nutrient elements needed by melon is nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium: 30: 15: 55, which can be used as a reference for formula fertilization. Melon is a potassium-containing plant. The average 1000 kg commercial melon needs 3 kg nitrogen, 205 1.5 kg phosphorus and 205.6 kg potassium.

2. Variety selection.

Selecting varieties with short growth period, drought resistance, moisture resistance, disease resistance, good appearance and internal quality, which meet the needs of urban consumption, Wen 'an County has been focusing on cultivating Mi Yun 1. Other suitable varieties can also be selected for cultivation, which are mainly divided into two series: ① Thin-skinned series, including Hongcheng 10, Hongcheng 15, Jingxiang No.2, Yongtian 1 1 etc. The meat is sweet and crisp, with rich flavor, good quality and good market, but it is not resistant to continuous cropping; ② Thin-thick-skinned hybrid series, including Saixue 8, Shekang 5 18, etc. The meat has no crispness, slightly thicker skin, good sweetness and poor flavor, but it is resistant to continuous cropping and storage and transportation.

3. Land selection, land preparation and land preparation.

1) The previous crop is not cucurbitaceae, and sandy loam with good drainage is the best.

2) Autumn ploughing. After autumn, apply 3000 kilograms of high-quality organic fertilizer every 667 square meters, plough deeply, beginning of winter, store rain and snow, weather the soil, and eliminate pests and diseases. Spring harrow: Rake again after digging and leveling.

3) Make a cup. Before Tomb-Sweeping Day, the ridge was covered, the temperature was increased and the soil moisture was preserved, and the ridge was ridged according to the vertical row spacing of 150 cm and the small row spacing of 60 cm (the north-south direction of the ridge), and the ridge platform was 20 cm high and covered with plastic film; With the spreading of plastic film, all the base fertilizer is applied to the end. Generally, 20 kilograms of potassium sulfate ternary compound fertilizer is applied every 667 square meters. At this time of double-film cultivation, the shed is well planted.

4. sow.

1) The sowing date was 5cm, and the ground temperature passed 12℃ stably. Generally, this area starts from April 15 ~ 20, and the suitable sowing period is 20 days.

2) First, irrigation under the film: a shallow ditch is reserved under the film, and the film mouth is supported with a stick when watering. In this way, the water consumption per 667 square meters will be increased by 10 square meter, which saves a lot of water compared with flood irrigation. After water permeates, drill holes and sow seeds, 3 ~ 4 seeds per hole, and cover with wet soil for 2 cm.

3) After the density of seedlings is uniform, 2,000 ~ 2,500 seedlings are reserved every 667 square meters.

5. Cultivation management.

1) water. After planting, you need to water the melon 2 ~ 3 times during the expansion period. After sitting on melons for 1 time, when most melons grow to the size of eggs, 30 kilograms of ternary compound fertilizer and 667 cubic meters of water are generally applied. After that, according to the environment and growth conditions, water and topdressing according to local conditions to prevent melon cracking.

2) Factory management. Extensive management, simple pruning, that is, when the leaf area coefficient of the field is large in the middle and late stage, simply hit the top with a stick to prevent the field from being covered. Double-vine pruning can also be used: when the main vine has 3-5 leaves, top it and pick the core, then select two strong secondary vines and lead them to the border to spread evenly; The sun vine bears melons, leaving two leaves before the melons to pick the seeds, each sun vine bears 1 melon, and each plant bears 3-5 melons.

3) Disease control. The main disease of melon is powdery mildew, followed by downy mildew, stem blight and virus disease, and the occurrence degree increases with the increase of rainfall and field depression. Give priority to prevention and strengthen on-site management. In severe cases, chemical control should be carried out. Powdery mildew can be sprayed 15% triadimefon WP 1000 ~ 1500 times or 12.5% myclobutanil EC 4000 times every 15 ~ 20 days 1 times. Downy mildew is sprayed with 72% Kelv wettable powder 800 times, or 40% ethyl phosphate wettable powder 250-300 times, or 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 600 times. Spraying 500 times 70% mancozeb wettable powder or 600 times 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder on Fusarium wilt. Viral diseases, 20% pathogen A wettable powder 500 times, 1.5% phytosanitary emulsion, 1000 times, or 5% bacterial toxin aqueous solution 300-500 times, 1, 3-4 times a day.

4) pest control. Aphids are the most common pests, followed by noctuid, armyworm, cotton bollworm and so on. And use low toxicity and high efficiency chemicals for prevention and control. Spraying 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 1500 times solution, or 2.5% Uranus EC 3000 times solution, or 20% mirex EC 2000 times solution on aphids. Melons planted in plastic greenhouses will soon be on the market in large quantities. Every buyer wants to buy sweet and crisp melons with good color, especially farmers who grow melons. They also hope that their melons will be liked by buyers and sold at a good price. The melons sold in the market now are really poor in color and sweetness, and the sales price is 20-50% less than that of high-quality melons. What is the reason for the poor color and sweetness of Hami melon? The main reasons are as follows:

1, improper variety selection. The sweetness of cantaloupe is related to varieties, so we must choose high-quality varieties when planting cantaloupe. 2. Too much pruning, too little mature leaves, insufficient nutrition supply from fruit ripening to sugar accumulation, premature plants, aging leaves, and weakened or lost ability to make nutrients. The skin of fruit is thin and brittle. In order to maintain their own development, instead of leaves to make nutrients, the peel is mature. The amount of chlorophyll synthesized on the surface is greater than the amount decomposed, which makes the pericarp cells contain a lot of chlorophyll and cannot turn yellow, so the color is not good and the sweetness is poor.

3. The whole plant leaves too few leaves, the fruit is basically bare, and most of the fruit surface is exposed to direct sunlight, which is easy to cause the fruit temperature to rise and inhibit the synthesis of yellow carotenoids. Direct light is beneficial to the synthesis of green chlorophyll. Scattered light is beneficial to the synthesis of yellow carotenoids. The fruits in the shadow show yellow carotenoids first, because they receive more scattered light, so the fruits covered with leaves have good color.

4. Improper application of water and fertilizer. Don't water cantaloupe in the late fruit setting period, that is, before the market 10 day. Water will obviously reduce the sweetness of cantaloupe. Special attention should be paid to the application of potassium fertilizer during the growth of cantaloupe, which can obviously improve the quality of cantaloupe. To control nitrogen fertilizer, excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer will not only reduce the sweetness of cantaloupe, but also accumulate too much nitrite, which is harmful to human body. The principles of controlling nitrogen, applying phosphorus and increasing potassium should be mastered in melon fertilization, so that nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium can be applied together. In order to increase the sweetness of melon, sweeteners such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate and Baofengling can be sprayed on the leaves 10 days before harvesting, and white sugar with the concentration of 10% can also be sprayed. 1. The ratio of copper sulfate, lime and water is1:1:100;

Second, the method:

1. Take a proper amount of water (about 10 kg) and fully dissolve 10 kg copper sulfate to form a copper sulfate solution;

2. Take a proper amount of water (about 30kg) and fully dissolve 1 kg lime (quicklime) to form lime milk (slurry);

3. Take the third dissolver (barrel or basin), respectively mix the copper sulfate solution and lime water, stir while mixing, and add water to 100 kg, so that the prepared solution is sky blue and can be used;

4. Bordeaux mixture should be used now, and it is not advisable to leave it until the next day;

5. When preparing Bordeaux mixture, do not use iron and aluminum containers to avoid damage.