What are the directions, sources and properties of Asian winter monsoon and summer monsoon?

Origin: Mongolia-Siberia High (also called Asian High).

Wind direction: northerly wind.

Features: Cold and dry, controlling most parts of China and China for a long time.

Disasters: gale, cooling, sandstorm, blizzard, etc.

2. Summer monsoon:

Origin: It is mainly the subtropical high in the northwest Pacific Ocean and comes from the Indian Ocean.

Wind direction: south wind.

Features: warm and humid, controlling the eastern part of China, the control range is smaller than the winter wind, and the control time in China is short.

Disasters: Abnormal summer monsoon activities will bring floods and droughts; Great floods can also cause geological disasters.

Extended data:

I. Summer monsoon and winter monsoon:

China is mainly affected by winter and summer monsoon. In winter, the direct point of the sun is in the southern hemisphere, and the land temperature in the northern part of the Asian continent is extremely low in the high latitudes of the northern hemisphere, forming a high-pressure center inside and at home of the Mongolian people, which is called Mongolian high. Facing the Mongolian high, there are two low-pressure centers in the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean, one is the Aleutian low and the other is the equatorial low.

In winter, the general trend of air flow in China is that Mongolian high pressure flows to Aleutian low pressure and equatorial low pressure, forming winter wind. The influence of winter monsoon on China is very extensive, with the southern boundary reaching the middle of the South China Sea and the western boundary located on the east side of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Affected by the winter wind, the eastern part of China is cold and dry, sunny and rainy.

In summer, the point of direct sunlight goes back and forth between the equator and the Tropic of Cancer, and the ground temperature rises due to direct sunlight, forming an Indian depression. Compared with land, the ocean temperature is lower, forming a subtropical high in the North Pacific Ocean, blowing to the mainland, southeast wind blowing in the east of China, and southwest wind blowing in the southwest frontier. The climate in the area affected by the summer monsoon is humid and rainy.

In winter, the temperature of the ocean is higher than that of land, and the air above the ocean rises. The cold and dry air in the Himalayas flows south. In summer, the air in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent becomes extremely hot and the air rises, which makes the warm and humid ocean air flow northward and brings abundant precipitation to South Asia-the arrival of monsoon season.

Second, the reasons for the formation of the wind:

The main cause of wind (whether summer monsoon or winter monsoon) is air pressure difference: that is, due to the high and low temperature, the air pressure difference in different geographical locations is large, the air pressure in cold air is high, and the air pressure in hot air is low. Then the airflow flows from the place with high pressure to the place with low pressure, which forms the wind. The so-called winter wind belongs to seasonal airflow.

Another point is that the specific heat capacity of the land is less than the sea level, so the relative sea level temperature is lower in winter, so the air flowing from the mainland to the ocean is formed. Influenced by latitude and land and sea location, the prevailing wind direction in most parts of China changes significantly with the seasons in a year, forming a typical monsoon climate. The north wind often blows in winter.

The winter winds that affect China mainly come from Siberia and Mongolia, which are extremely cold in the northern part of Eurasia. The cold and dry airflow brought by strong winds in winter affects most parts of northern China, which is one of the main reasons for the large temperature difference between north and south in winter.

The winter monsoon phenomenon in East Asia is the most typical, and the wind force is stronger than the summer monsoon. Northwest winds prevail in northern China, northern and central Japan, and northeast winds prevail in south of the Yellow River, Indo-China Peninsula, Indian Peninsula, southern Japan and Okinawa in China.

The dry and cold continental air mass brings cold wave weather when it develops strongly, and the temperature drops sharply. However, when the winter wind reaches the south of the Yangtze River and the Japanese archipelago in China, cold air flows at sea, producing air masses and causing rain and snow. If the winter wind activity is strong, it is easy to cause a cold wave.

Baidu encyclopedia-summer monsoon

Reference source; Baidu Encyclopedia-Winter Wind