The speed at which humans destroy the earth! Such as how many trees are cut down every minute. . .

First of all, the soil has been destroyed.

According to the reference news, the fertility of cultivated land in 1 10 country (*** 10 billion people) is decreasing. In Africa, Asia and Latin America, soil erosion is very serious due to the disappearance of forest vegetation, over-exploitation of cultivated land and over-grazing of pasture. The bare land becomes fragile and cannot resist the long-term wind and rain erosion. In some places, the annual soil loss can reach per hectare 100 tons. The overuse of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, the falling of toxic dust related to air pollution, the spraying of mud everywhere, and the dumping of dangerous wastes everywhere all constitute irreversible pollution to the land.

2. The greenhouse effect of climate change and energy waste is a serious threat to all mankind.

According to the prediction of 2,500 representative experts, the sea level will rise, and many densely populated areas (such as Bangladeshi, China coastal areas and most islands in the Pacific Ocean and Indian Ocean) will be submerged. Rising temperatures will also have a serious impact on agriculture and ecosystems. It is predicted that in 1990-20 10, the energy consumption in the Asia-Pacific region will double and that in Latin America will increase by 50%-70%. Therefore, the process of energy-saving technology transfer between the west and developing countries should be strengthened. In particular, we should use economic incentives to enable industrialists to develop technology to improve the utilization efficiency of industrial resources.

Third, biodiversity is decreasing.

Due to urbanization, agricultural development, forest reduction and environmental pollution, the natural area has become smaller and smaller, leading to the extinction of thousands of species. Because the extinction of some species will lead to the disappearance of many molecules that can be used to make new drugs, and also lead to the disappearance of many genes that can help crops overcome bad weather, and even lead to new plagues.

Fourth, the reduction of forest area.

In recent decades, the forest area in tropical countries has also been seriously reduced. In 1980- 1990,1500,000 hectares of forest disappeared in the world. According to the current rate of forest area reduction, 40 years later, some Southeast Asian countries will not see a tree.

Verb (abbreviation for verb) Fresh water resources are threatened.

According to experts' estimation, from the beginning of the next century, a quarter of the world will be short of water for a long time. Please remember that we can't make water, we can only try to protect it.

Six, chemical pollution

Millions of compounds brought by industry exist in air, soil, water, plants, animals and human body. Even the ice sheet, the last large natural ecosystem on earth, has been polluted. Those organic compounds, heavy metals and toxic products are concentrated in the whole food chain, which will eventually threaten the health of animals and plants, lead to cancer and weaken soil fertility.

Seven, chaotic urbanization

By the end of this century, there will be 2 1 big cities in the world, and the living conditions of big cities will further deteriorate: congestion, water pollution, poor sanitation and insecurity-the disorderly expansion of these big cities has also destroyed natural areas. Therefore, unrestricted urbanization should be regarded as a new drawback of civilization.

Eight. Overexploitation of the ocean and pollution in coastal areas

Due to overfishing, marine fishery resources are decreasing at an alarming rate. As a result, many poor people who depend on protein for their livelihood are facing the threat of hunger. The rich heavy metals and organophosphorus compounds in fish may bring serious problems to the health of fish eaters. The coastal areas are under great population pressure. 60% of the world's population is crowded in places less than 100 km from the sea. This crowded population makes these usually fragile places out of balance.

Nine, air pollution

The air in most big cities contains many pollutants from heating, transportation and factory production. These pollutants threaten the health of tens of millions of citizens and cause many deaths.

X. polar ozone hole

Although people have signed the Montreal Protocol, an ozone hole still forms over the earth's poles every spring. The ozone layer in the Arctic is lost by 20% to 30%, and the ozone layer in the Antarctic is lost by more than 50%.

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The third Global Ministerial Environment Forum closed in Cartagena, Colombia on 6-5 February 2005. The meeting once again warned all countries in the world that environmental degradation poses a severe challenge to the sustainable development of mankind. Global climate change intensifies, forest coverage drops sharply, fresh water resources decrease, and various chemical substances are polluted and spread.

The ozone hole is bigger than that in Europe.

The discovery and extensive use of oil and coal by human beings have caused global climate anomalies, and the "El Ni? o phenomenon" is rampant, causing a direct economic loss of 20 billion US dollars in just 10 year, which is frightening. At present, the annual consumption of Freon in the world exceeds 6.5438+0 million tons, and 20 million tons of Freon have been discharged so far, which destroyed 60% of the atmospheric ozone layer in the 20th century, resulting in an ozone hole as big as that in Europe. The hole in the ozone layer sounded the alarm as early as the 1980s, but humans didn't seem to care. The toxins produced by CFC (chlorofluorocarbon) are discharged into the atmosphere, which makes the air in big cities more "suffocating". Minimizing the use of CFCs is beneficial to all mankind, because the ozone layer over the Arctic has lost 20%, while the Antarctic has lost 50%. According to scientists' estimation, even if CFC consumption is reduced from now on, the ozone layer will not recover until 2050.

A large number of species were extinct.

Humans plundered the earth crazily, resulting in a large number of species disappearing quietly. Known as the "lung of the earth", the Amazon rainforest, with a total area of 6.5 million square kilometers, has been destroyed on an unprecedented scale. Every day, 80,000 hectares of rainforest are destroyed, which means that the oxygen for maintaining the survival of various organisms will be reduced 1/3. This forest is called the genetic treasure house, where about 1 5 of the earth's1100 million species grow. The disappearance of tropical rain forests makes at least one species disappear every day. The pollution of the ocean, coupled with human overfishing, has also caused the disappearance of a large number of marine species. Some experts predict that at least 500,000 to 800,000 species of animals and plants will become extinct within 30 years. Due to the destruction of forests and illegal hunting activities, the number of extinct creatures is increasing. Forest fire is also one of the undisputed causes of biological extinction. Scientists point out that from 1600 to now, the extinction rate of various organisms has accelerated by 100 times! The demand for special medicines (rhinoceros horn, seals, tiger bones, bear gall ...) has cornered many animals. Other "victims", such as white bear, tortoise, mandrill, Asian tiger, African elephant, Princess Alexandra butterfly, etc. , has been included in the list of imminent extinction. Although there are more and more national parks and wildlife reserves, the level, speed and intensity of killing wild animals are getting higher and higher.

Unknown diseases are prevalent.

Environmental pollution has brought some nameless diseases, such as Minamata disease and pain. In the 1990s, 370,000 cows in Britain were infected with mad cow disease, and 6,543,8+065,000 cows died. Some people who eat sick beef suffer from "new creutzfeldt-Jakob disease", also known as "human mad cow disease". People become dementia, tremble, and finally die of severe brain damage. The rampant spread of mad cow disease is that some scientists have destroyed the disease-resistant genes of high-quality cattle and made them lose their disease-resistant ability. Similarly, transgenic plants may or will bring fatal and nameless diseases to human beings. This has aroused great concern of the international community. Mad cow disease has not subsided, and dioxin pollution has appeared black and pink again. Dioxins have 2 10 homologues, among which several are the most toxic (50 to 100 times stronger than highly toxic potassium cyanide), and have strong carcinogenic, reproductive, endocrine and immunotoxic effects. 1 drop of dioxin can kill 1000 people, 1 ounce (about 28.35g) can kill1000 people! Dioxins significantly reduce the number of male sperm, increase the prevalence of endometriosis in women, and some people have mental retardation, which seriously damages their health. Being polluted by countless unknown environmental hormones, human body functions are deteriorating.

Decline of land resistance

Most people only talk about the rising temperature of the earth, and seldom talk about the decline of the quality of the earth. According to the data of the United Nations, as of June 1999 1 1, 120 countries' land has been seriously poisoned, and the population of these countries is as high as 1 billion! Due to the destruction of forests, Asia, Africa and Latin America are suffering from serious erosion. In addition, the land has been polluted because of deforestation and raising livestock everywhere. Because the ground has lost the protection of vegetation, the land can't resist the wind. In many parts of the world, hundreds of tons of soil are "thrown" from every hectare of land by wind and rain every year! The threat of pesticides, fertilizers, industrial wastes, sanitary wastes and radioactive residues has increased the danger by dozens of times. There are about 2500 regions in France, 35000 regions in the United States and 2500 regions in the Netherlands, and the land has been seriously poisoned!

The forest is on the verge of despair.

In the past four centuries, Africa has lost many important forest areas. Since 1970s, the tropical rain forest is on the verge of despair, and the Amazon forest, the lung of the earth, is being destroyed at an alarming rate. From 1980 to 1990, about1500,000 hectares of forest (accounting for 12% of the total forest area) disappeared from people's sight. According to the report of the World Wide Fund for Nature, in the next 40 years, some countries in Southeast Asia will no longer have any forests! Due to deforestation, the flood in Venezuela1February 1999 caused 30,000 to 50,000 deaths, and the ecological imbalance caused many animals to migrate on a large scale.

Water pollution is disastrous.

According to the statistics of the World Health Organization (WHO), in poor countries, 80% ~ 90% of diseases and about 1/3 of deaths are related to water. Water containing bacteria, old traditional habits and poor sanitary conditions have caused many deaths, especially children and the elderly with fragile immune systems. In addition, industrial wastewater is injected into rivers and lakes, which makes the situation worse. Incredible but true figures show that 25,000 people (including children) die from "toxic" water every 24 hours. The clean water source for human consumption is gradually drying up. Humans are trying to avoid the recurrence of the Minamata Bay incident in Japan: 20,000 Japanese were poisoned by the mercury-containing wastewater from the Minamata factory, of which 1000 people died. Marine pollution caused by oil tanker leakage is also a real threat to the green environment. In addition, throwing all kinds of garbage into the sea, including heavy metals, chemicals and radioactive garbage, is a great danger and threat. These toxic substances penetrate into fish, shrimp, crabs and shellfish, and people will "eat" these toxins into their stomachs!

London fog and haze incident in Britain

The London smog incident is one of the world-famous public hazards. This happened in London, England from February 5 to 8.

February 3rd is a lovely winter day in London, England. The Meteorological Observatory reported that a cold front passed by at night, and by noon, the temperature reached 5.6℃ and the relative humidity was about 70%. The wind blowing from the north is very comfortable. The sky is dotted with fluffy cumulus clouds, which are famous in Britain when the weather is clear. In a word, the weather is fine today. Old people and patients are particularly happy. They sat in the sun and drank tea against the fresh wind blowing from the North Sea. The wind blew all over England, blowing away all the smoke from the chimneys of factories and urban residents in the central region. London is in a huge anticyclone, which is the southeast edge of the high pressure area. The wind blows clockwise around this high pressure center.

On February 4th, 65438, this anticyclone moved southeast along the usual path, with its center several hundred kilometers west of London. The wind turned slightly, blowing from the north-northwest direction, and the wind speed was slower than before. Several layers of clouds almost covered the sky, and through the gap of the wide and uniform dark gray layer clouds at the lower level, we can see that there are still high clouds at an altitude of about 3000 meters. They cover the sun and the sky. At noon, the temperature is 38℃ and the relative humidity is 82%.

The air is full of smoke. Soot and ash particles from thousands of chimneys quietly drifted into the atmosphere. Large particles fall on roofs, streets, hats and clothes. Smaller smoke floats with the air. When the children were running in and out of the house, a gust of wind brought smoke and gas into the room. Smoke even has its own way into a house with closed doors and windows; When indoor and outdoor temperatures change, houses "inhale" polluted outdoor air and "exhale" clean indoor air. However, considering all the factors, the weather on 65438+February 4th was not too bad, but it was worse than the day before. In the next few days, only people in London knew how bad the weather was.

On February 5, 65438, the center of high pressure almost moved over London. The wind is weak, and fog reduces visibility, making it difficult for people to walk. At noon, the temperature is 33℃ and the relative humidity is about 80%.

The smell of smoke is getting stronger. The wind is too weak to blow away the smoke in the chimney. Smoke and moisture accumulate in the atmosphere thousands of meters above the ground. People began to complain to their neighbors, and car drivers mumbled curses into the thick fog.

65438+February 6, the situation is even worse. Thick fog enveloped the whole sky, and the city was located at the western end of the anticyclone. At noon, the temperature dropped to -2℃, the relative humidity rose to 100%, and the atmospheric visibility was only a few tens of feet. All flights of the plane have been cancelled, and only the most experienced drivers dare to drive on the road. Pedestrians groped their way on the sidewalk. The anemometer does not turn and the reading is zero. Because the airflow is too slow to turn the rotor of the anemometer, the wind speed does not exceed two or three kilometers per hour. Sometimes an almost imperceptible breeze blows to the other side. When the air stagnates and floats over the city, boilers in factories, fireplaces in homes and other smoking stoves will add toxins to the air. Fog droplets are mixed with some gases and particles in the smoke. Fog is no longer clean fog or clean water droplets, but a mixture of smoke and fog, which we call "smoke".

Smoke fills the city and attacks all living things. When people's eyes feel it, tears will flow down their cheeks. Every breath draws polluted gas into a lung cavity. Where there is a crowd, you can hear coughing. Lecturers in the school have to raise their voices above dry cough and asthma. The first to respond to this abnormal situation was a group of award-winning cows that were about to be exhibited in London at that time. They showed difficulty breathing and stuck out their tongues. One of them died immediately, and another 65,438+02 cows had to be sent to the slaughterhouse because of illness.

10 The weather in London still hasn't improved on February 7th and 8th. The smoke is terrible. Old people and patients who have enjoyed the fresh breeze from the north for several days now find it very difficult to breathe in this polluted air. Even some young people feel uncomfortable, and it is more difficult for people with respiratory diseases to let oxygen into their lungs. For asthma patients, this kind of smoke is simply a torture. Hospitals in London are crowded with patients, all of whom are victims of smog, and many people have died as a result.

On February 9, 65438, the weather improved slightly. The fog still exists, but the wind has been blowing gently from the south. Some clean air mixed with smoke diluted the original smoke. At noon, the temperature is 3℃ and the relative humidity is 95%.

65438+February 10, a cold front passed through England. A strong westerly wind brought air from the North Atlantic. People's lungs breathe fresh and clean air again. At this time, they all sighed and put down their hearts. Recalling those five days (including 65438+February 9) is like having a nightmare.

According to statistics afterwards, during the smog period (65438+February 5-8), the number of deaths in four days was about 4000 more than that in the same period of normal years. The largest number of deaths is over 45 years old, about three times as much as usual; /kloc-the number of children under 0/year old is about twice as high as usual. The deaths from bronchitis, coronary heart disease, tuberculosis and heart failure in the week before the incident were 9.3 times, 2.4 times, 5.5 times and 2.8 times respectively. The mortality rate of patients with pneumonia, lung cancer, influenza and other respiratory diseases has doubled.

In addition to death, tens of thousands of people are seriously ill, and some people have caused respiratory diseases. These people are not counted. In addition, the number of victims should also include patients and relatives of the deceased. Although they survived, their lives were changed by their losses. In any case, it must be a catastrophe.

The fog and haze in London occurred because the humid and foggy air stagnated over the city, the temperature rose reversely, the inversion layer was at a low altitude of 40 ~ 150 meters, and a large amount of smoke was sprayed into it, which made the smog accumulate continuously. The atmosphere over London has become a dump for crushed garbage in factories and home chimneys. The data of post-investigation showed that the dust concentration was as high as 4.46 g/L, which was 10 times of the usual level. Sulfur dioxide is as high as 1.34 μ g/L, which is six times as high as usual. Iron trioxide in flue gas promotes the oxidation of sulfur dioxide to produce sulfuric acid foam, which condenses on flue gas to form acid mist.

1. Excessive deforestation

2. The emission of carbon dioxide and other toxic gases into the air will have a greenhouse effect and destroy the ozone layer.

3. Overexploitation of oil and coal

4. Be directly responsible for the extinction of a large number of endangered animals.

5. Contaminated water sources

1992 national exhaust emissions105,000 TEU (excluding township industries, the same below). The emission of smoke and dust in the waste gas is1110000 tons, an increase of 7.6% over the previous year; Sulfur dioxide emissions16.85 million tons, an increase of 3.9% over the previous year; Industrial dust emissions were 5.76 million tons, down 0.5% from the previous year.

The annual and daily average values of total suspended particulate matter in urban air in China are 90 ~ 663 μ g/m3, while those in northern cities are 403 μ g/m3, which is 6. 1% lower than the previous year. The average in southern cities was 243 μ g/m3, an increase of 8% over the previous year. According to the statistics of 67 cities, 5 1% cities exceeded the annual average level, especially Jilin, Jinan, Taiyuan, Lanzhou, Baotou, Yan 'an and Xi 'an.

According to the statistics of 66 cities, the average value in the first half of the month was 3.8-55.8 tons/km2, slightly higher than that in the previous year. For example, cities are obviously heavier than southern cities. Cities with an average annual dust fall of more than 30 tons/km2 include Sanming, Anshan, Changchun, Datong, Shijiazhuang, Harbin, Yinchuan, Jilin, Hegang, Shenyang, Lanzhou and Tangshan.

According to the statistics of 72 cities, the annual average daily value of sulfur dioxide is between 7 and 63 μ g/m3, with the average value of 97 μ g/m3 in northern cities and 90 μ g/m3 in southern cities, slightly higher than last year. Cities that exceed the national third-class standards include Guiyang, Chongqing, Taiyuan, Urumqi, Yibin, Nanchong, Jinan, Shizuishan, Qingdao, Tianjin, Changsha and Datong.

According to the statistics of 72 cities, the annual daily average value of nitrogen oxides ranges from l 1 ~ 129 μ g/m3, with the average value of 56 μ g/m3 in northern cities and 40 μ g/m3 in southern cities, which is basically the same as last year. The pollution in Changchun, Jinan and Yuncheng has obviously increased, and Lanzhou, Baoji and Nanchong have improved.

In 2000, acid rain was still confined to local areas. According to the statistics of 58 cities, the annual average precipitation pH value is between 3.85 and 7.43, and 52% is below 5.6, all of which are southern cities. The frequency of acid rain in Ganzhou, Changsha and Xiamen exceeds 90%, and that in Nanchong, Yichang, Nanchang, Huaihua, Baise, Nanjing, Chongqing and Guangzhou exceeds 70%.

The real harm is around us, such as coal mining, paper making, battery manufacturing, cars we drive, garbage burning, sewage dumping, extensive use of plastics, wood we use, mobile phones we use, sprays, and delicacies we eat easily.

Due to human activities, the health of the earth is facing more and more severe tests, which can be described as "from head to toe". Scientists have found that the area and depth of the ozone hole over Antarctica have set a historical record this year, and it will take 60 years to completely repair it. Due to pollution, there are 200 "dead zones" in the ocean.

The area of ozone hole is larger than that of North America.

According to the British "Guardian" 191October 20th, according to the latest observation results released by NASA on June 9th, ozone depletion in Antarctica is serious this year. From September 2 1 day to September 30, the average area of Antarctic ozone hole was1060,000 square miles (about 27.45 million square kilometers), which was larger than that of North America.

It is reported that the ozone observer on NASA's OLA satellite can measure the total ozone from the surface to the upper atmosphere of the entire Antarctic continent. The monitoring equipment 10 detected that the ozone value over the ice sheet in the southeast pole was extremely low, only 85 Dobson units (1 Dobson unit is one thousandth of the ozone layer thickness in the standard state). In addition, scientists from the Earth System Research Laboratory of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of the United States also directly measured the amount of ozone in Antarctica by using the equipment carried on the balloon. The data show that as of June 9, 10, the total ozone in Antarctica has plummeted from about 300 Busson units in July to more than 93 Busson units.

To scientists' surprise, the ozone layer above the surface 12.9 km to 2 1.9 km is basically exhausted. In July and August, the average ozone amount in this area was 1.25 Dobson unit, which has been greatly reduced at present, and the lowest ozone amount is only 1.2 Dobson unit, which is almost completely exhausted.

The ozone layer refers to the stratosphere where ozone molecules are relatively rich 25 to 30 kilometers away from the earth. It can absorb more than 99% of solar ultraviolet rays harmful to human beings and protect life on earth from short-wave ultraviolet rays. When the thickness of the ozone layer is less than 220 Dobson units, it is considered as a hole. 1974, Roland and Molet of the University of California found that the ozone layer in the atmosphere has been seriously damaged, and the umbrella over human heads has been hollowed out, which has aggravated the global greenhouse effect. This is mainly due to the ozone loss caused by chemicals such as chlorofluorocarbons produced by human activities entering the ozone layer.

The measurement of OLA satellite microwave bifurcation detector shows that the chlorine-containing compounds in the lower stratosphere of Antarctica have been at a very high level in the middle and late September this year. In addition, stratospheric temperature is also the main factor affecting the ozone hole. When the temperature is low, the cavity area becomes larger and the depth increases. When the temperature is high, the cavity area decreases. During the period from 65438+ 10 to 165438+ 10, the ozone hole will continue to deteriorate, and the ultraviolet radiation is expected to increase abnormally. Because the release of ozone-depleting substances has been restricted by international conventions and is decreasing, scientists estimate that the ozone hole in Antarctica can be completely repaired by 2065.

The number of "dead zones" is increasing.

10 10 19, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) released the Global Environment Outlook Yearbook 2006 at the conference held in Beijing. The report says that the number of "dead zones" in the ocean has reached 200, an increase of 34% in the past two years.

Fertilizer, manure and sewage are discharged into the sea, which provides sufficient nutrients for some algae and stimulates their crazy growth. Coupled with air pollution, some "anoxic zones" and "anoxic zones" have been formed in the sea. Not only fish, shrimp and shellfish can't survive under anoxia or anoxia, but even algae can't survive, so the anoxic zone and anoxic zone are also called "dead zones".

The report pointed out that the number and area of "dead zones" have been expanding since 1970s. In 1994, it was estimated that there were 149 "dead zones" in the global oceans, but in 2006, there may have been as many as 200 "dead zones". The earliest discovered and recorded "dead zones" are in the Atlantic coast, the Baltic Sea, the Gulf of Kategat, the Black Sea and the northeastern Adriatic Sea in the northeastern United States. The most famous "dead zone" is in the Gulf of Mexico, which is caused by nutrients discharged from the Mississippi River. The latest death zones appear in the coastal areas of South America, China, Japan, southeastern Australia and New Zealand. The marine "dead zone" is a great threat to fisheries, but if the wind washes away the nutrient-rich water, the "dead zone" may be revived. The United Nations Environment Program calls on coastal countries to take measures to control land-based pollution and curb the increasing trend of "dead zones".

The speed of human destruction of the earth is unprecedented [reading: 1487].

The destruction of the earth by human beings has reached an unprecedented alarming speed. The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Agency believes that this will make it more likely that there will be sudden changes in nature, leading to the spread of diseases, forest destruction and the emergence of marine "dead zones".

A survey conducted by 65,438+0,360 experts of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment in 95 countries concluded that in the past 50 years, two-thirds of the ecosystems on which human beings depend, including air and water, have been polluted and overexploited.

The report issued by the 45-member board of directors of the agency pointed out: "Human activities have brought great pressure to the natural movement law of the earth, so the earth's ecosystem may not be able to support the future population."

The report shows that 10% to 30% of mammals, birds and amphibians are on the verge of extinction.

The largest study of the earth's ecosystem found that: "In the past 50 years, in order to obtain food, clean water, wood, fiber and fuel, human beings have destroyed the ecosystem faster and more extensively than ever before. This has caused irreversible losses to biodiversity. "

The report added that since 1945, the cultivated land area cultivated by human beings is more than that cultivated in18th century and19th century combined. The report said: "In the next 50 years, surface erosion will bring more and more serious consequences."

Experts who compiled this report explained that changes in the future ecosystem may lead to disease outbreaks, and the Great Lakes region of Africa may become a hotbed of cholera transmission due to climate change. Nitrogen in fertilizer accumulates in farmland and then rushes into the sea, which will cause algae to multiply in large numbers, which will lead to a large number of fish deaths due to lack of oxygen, resulting in a "dead zone" of hypoxia in coastal areas.