Climatic characteristics and causes of tropical rain forest

Climatic characteristics of tropical rain forest

The climate characteristics of tropical rain forest are: high temperature, rainy and large temperature difference throughout the year.

In areas where tropical rainforests are distributed, the annual rainfall is very large, usually higher than 1800 mm, and in some places it reaches 3500 mm The annual rainfall is evenly distributed and humid all the year round, and the relative humidity of the air is above 95%. The average annual precipitation exceeds 80 inches, which exceeds the annual evaporation. There is no obvious seasonal change, and the temperature is generally around 30℃ during the day and around 20℃ at night.

A detailed introduction to the climate characteristics of tropical rain forest

It is hot and rainy all year round. The annual variation of solar radiation is small, because the sun passes through the zenith twice before and after the vernal equinox and autumnal equinox in a year, the annual variation of meteorological elements has double peaks. The average monthly temperature varies between 24-28℃ in a year, and the annual temperature difference generally does not exceed 5℃, especially in the ocean, which usually does not exceed 65438 0℃. The daily variation of temperature is greater than the annual variation, and the daily amplitude can reach 10- 15℃. However, the daily maximum temperature rarely exceeds 35℃, and the daily minimum temperature rarely falls below 20℃. The humidity is high all year round. As far as the lower reaches of the Amazon River are concerned, the annual average relative humidity exceeds 90%. There is abundant precipitation, mostly accompanied by thunderstorms. The annual precipitation reaches 1500-3000mm, and the maximum is over 6000mm in mountainous areas. For example, the annual precipitation in Debenga at the foot of Cameroon volcano in Africa reaches 9470 mm. The seasonal distribution of precipitation is relatively uniform, but there are still obvious differences in individual areas. For example, the Congo River basin in Africa is more continental than the tropical rain forests in Asia and South America, and there is less rainfall in some places, such as Libreville, Gabon. The monthly rainfall in June-May is 200-300 mm, while it is only 5 mm in June-July. In addition, there will also be dry and rainless areas in the ocean, such as Modeng Island in the Pacific Ocean (latitude 4 south and longitude 155 west), with an annual precipitation of only 730 mm. In the alpine region with tropical rain forest climate, the temperature is low, but its annual change is still very small. These areas, from the foot of the mountain to the top of the mountain, can have a tropical rain forest to a year-round snow-covered climate, showing a variety of natural landscapes similar to those from the equator to the polar regions, with the most colorful vertical distribution. There are two seasons: drought and rain.

The weather is very monotonous. Controlled by the equatorial ocean air mass all the year round, the wind is weak and the seasonal phase remains unchanged. Basically, it's muggy and sunny every morning, and then the cumulus clouds get thicker and thicker. It rained cats and dogs in the afternoon, and it was a little cold after the rain, and it was the same the next day.

Tropical rain forest climate distribution area

The tropical rain forest climate is distributed near the equator. Specifically. It is mainly distributed in Amazon River Basin in South America, East Central America, Congo River Basin in Africa, North Bank of Gulf of Guinea, East Madagascar, South Malay Peninsula, South Philippine Islands, Irian Island in Indonesia, Sumatra Island in Oceania to New Guinea and Northeast Australia.

geographical position

Tropical rainforests are mainly distributed in the jungle areas of South America, Asia and Africa, and most of them are located between 23.5 degrees north latitude and 23.5 degrees south latitude. In tropical rain forests, there are usually three to five layers of vegetation, and trees as high as 150 feet to 180 feet are covered like tents. The density of the first few layers of vegetation depends on the degree to which sunlight penetrates the upper trees. The more sunlight, the greater the density.

topography

The topography of the rainforest area is complex and diverse, from the lowland plain scattered with rocky hills to the plateau canyon crisscrossed with streams. The terrain has created a variety of rainforest landscapes. In the forest, quiet pools, swift streams and waterfalls can be seen everywhere; Towering trees, winding vines and lush flowers interweave into a green maze.

soil types

Typical soils developed under tropical evergreen rain forest are latosol and red soil with ashing phenomenon. The former is distributed in areas with high terrain, good drainage and little rainy season, while the latter is mainly distributed in areas with abundant precipitation, closed forests and lack of herbaceous vegetation in each season. (Organized from the network, if copyright issues are involved, please contact the official account of WeChat. )

How is the climate of tropical rain forest distributed?

The tropical rain forest climate is mainly distributed near the equator, generally speaking, it is also distributed in the Amazon basin in South America, the eastern part of Central America, the Congo River basin in Africa, the northern shore of the Gulf of Guinea, the eastern part of Madagascar, the southern part of the Malay Peninsula, the Malay Archipelago, the southern part of the Philippine Islands, Irian Island in Indonesia, Sumatra Island in Oceania to New Guinea and the northeastern part of Australia.

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Asia

Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia), Singapore (Singapore), Bandung (Indonesia), Surabaya (Indonesia), Cebu (Philippines) and Davao (Philippines).

Africa

Conakry (Guinea), Monrovia (Liberia), Abidjan (C? te d 'Ivoire), Accra (Ghana), Lomé (Togo), Lagos (Nigeria), Yaoundé (Cameroon), Libreville (Gabon).

Oceania

Townsville (Australia), port moresby (Papua New Guinea), Port Vila (Vanuatu), Suva (Fiji), Algana (Guam), Papeete (French Polynesia).

South America. See AMERICA

Paramaribo (Suriname), Georgetown (Guyana), Manaus (Brazil), Belé m (Brazil), El Salvador (Brazil), Iquitos (Peru).

North America

Havana (Cuba), Kingston (Jamaica), Santo Domingo (Dominica), San Juan (Puerto Rico), Castries (Saint Lucia), Bridgetown (Barbados), Panama City (Panama).