Information about Vienna

Vienna (German: Wien), Austrian capital (English: Vienna), 20 1 1. In the latest report on the most livable cities in the world, Vienna ranks second in the world. A world-famous cultural city with the reputation of "City of Music", many musicians have spent most of their lives here, and their handwriting and music scores are still in the museum. It also has the reputation of "architectural capital" won by exquisite buildings with different styles; Also known as the "cultural capital" with a long history; Because of its exquisite decoration, it is called "the capital of decoration". The New Year Concert in Vienna has become an international music event. Located in the northern foot of the Alps (lu) in the northeast of Austria, the Vienna Basin is surrounded by mountains on three sides, and the sparkling Danube River passes through the city, surrounded by the famous Vienna forest. The area is 4 14.65 square kilometers, and the population is10.7 million (according to statistics in 2008), accounting for one fifth of the national population. Johann Strauss II is a statue.

Let's go Railway hub from western Europe to Balkan Peninsula, Danube port. keep

Vienna (12 picture) is also the first big city where the Danube River flows, so it is called the Danube Goddess. There are open-air concerts in summer. When the family is happy, every family will play classical music. More interestingly, there will be a song before and after the government meeting. Vienna is a city and a country. The area of this state is only 0.5% of the national territory, but one fifth of Austria's population is concentrated here. Vienna is the political, economic and cultural center of Austria. The Austrian Federal Parliament, the National Assembly, the Presidential Palace, the Prime Minister's Office, various ministries and commissions of the national government and the highest judicial institutions are all gathered in this city. At the same time, Vienna enjoys an important international status. Both the United Nations and the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries have offices in Vienna. Vienna was once the capital of Austria-Hungary, and its luxurious style still exists today. It is one of the oldest and most important cultural, artistic and tourist cities in Europe. After World War II, the Viennese rebuilt the destroyed city. Today, all the historic buildings in Vienna have been renovated. With Austria's accession to the European Union, Vienna has become the center of business and economic exchanges between East and West. For tourists, Vienna has all kinds of faces. Music worshippers will come to Wan Li to attend concerts and visit music shrines. For many tourists, walking along the charming Danube is very desirable. Geographical environment Vienna is located in a basin at the northern foot of the Alps, with an area of 465,438+04.65 square kilometers. It is the smallest federal state in Austria and the only federal state that is not adjacent to other countries. Because of its important position, Vienna is the largest federal state in Austria, with 1 1.3% for construction land, 1 1. 1% for road traffic and 2.2% for railway tracks. Vienna is also a green Hornbrown Palace in Vienna.

The largest federal state, with a green area of 1 17.76 square kilometers and a coverage rate of 28.4%. The area of rivers and lakes is 19. 1 km2, accounting for 4.6%, second only to Burgenland. Vienna is also one of the four federal states that grow grapes in Austria, with vineyards accounting for 1.7% of the area. The forest coverage rate is 16.6%, and agricultural land accounts for 15.8%. Vienna is divided into 23 administrative regions. Vienna can become one of the most important and largest cities in Central Europe, which should be attributed to its superior geographical location. Vienna is located between the northern foot of the Alps and the northwest of the Vienna Basin. Vienna developed from the south of the Danube and now extends to both sides of the Danube. It is the intersection of the east-west Danube route and the north-south amber road. Since the fall of the Iron Curtain 1989, the transportation and economic relations between Austria and its northern and eastern neighbors have developed significantly, and the distance between Austria and Eastern Europe is remarkable. Vienna is only 60 kilometers from Bratislava, the capital of Slovakia, which is the closest distance between the two capitals in Europe except Vatican City and Rome. The altitude of Vienna ranges from Lobao on the Danube (15 1 m) to the highest peak of Vienna forest (542 m). To the east of Vienna is the March River (Vienna)

Rch) plain, the southeast of which is Danube Grassland National Park. The northwest, west and southwest of Vienna are surrounded by Vienna forest, which extends to the urban area. The Danube flows through Vienna. Besides the Danube, there are many small rivers flowing into the city from Vienna forest, including the Vienna River. The mountains in the west are connected with the glacier corridor in the south, which is the grape growing area in Vienna. The residential areas in Vienna are mainly concentrated in the west of the city with good air quality, and the industrial areas are concentrated in the east of the city. Vienna forest surrounds the urban area, and the Danube flows quietly from the urban area. The famous Vienna forest surrounds the city from the west, north and south, and the vast eastern European plain faces it from the east. It is lush and full of vitality. Vienna, with its beautiful environment and charming scenery, is known as the "Danube Goddess".

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Vienna is known as the "Danube Goddess". Beautiful environment, charming scenery, warm in winter and cool in summer. Vienna Forest Mountain, a branch of the Eastern Alps, stretches in the western suburbs with lush trees. To the west of the mountain is a gorgeous residential area, surrounded by gardens and vineyards. The Danube River passes through the city, and the water is picturesque. Climbing to the foothills of the Alps in the west of the city, you can have a panoramic view of the undulating "Vienna Forest"; The east of the city faces the Danube Basin and overlooks the shining green peaks of Carpathian Mountain. The vast grassland in the north is like a huge green brocade, and the blue Danube winds through it. The house is built on the mountain, with thick buildings and distinct layers. From a distance, various styles of church buildings cast an ancient and solemn color on this city with green mountains and clear waters. The streets in the city are radial rings with a width of 50 meters, the inner city is in the ring road, and the trees on both sides of the boulevard cover the sky. The cobblestone streets in the inner city crisscross, and there are few high-rise buildings.

The night scenes of Vienna (20 photos) are mostly Baroque, Gothic and Romanesque buildings. The spires of St. Stefan's Cathedral and the Twin Towers in the Middle Ages are towering into the sky, and its south tower is 138 meters high, overlooking the whole city. Chamberlain Palace is the summer palace of Habsburg dynasty, with Greek architecture, statues and fountains. There are many big parks on the island between the Danube and the Danube Canal. The National Opera House, built in 1869, is called the world opera center. 1857, a 57-meter-wide and 4-kilometer-long circular avenue, is surrounded by museums, city halls, parliaments, universities, national opera houses and other important buildings. It is one of the most beautiful urban passages in Europe. There is an intermediate layer between the circular road and another parallel circular road, with a commercial area, a residential area, a palace and a church in the middle. Outside the second ring road is the outer layer, and there are elegant parks, beautiful villas and other palace buildings in the west of the city. Among these numerous palaces, Schon Blom Palace, located in the southwest of the city, stands out as a relic of the prosperous period in Austrian history. Located in the southeast of the city, this "beautiful palace" was built by Emperor prinz eugen in the early 8th century A.D./KLOC-0 to resist the Turkish invasion. Northeast suburb and southern suburb are industrial areas, with metallurgy, machinery, automobile, railway vehicles, chemical industry and other departments, and the output of clothing and printing accounts for more than half of the country. Mozart statue

Edit the urban population in this section.

At the beginning of the 20th century, Vienna was the sixth largest city in the world. During the Austro-Hungarian Empire (1867- 19 18), the population of Vienna grew rapidly. It once had a population of two million, making it the fourth largest city in the world after London, new york and Paris. At that time, Vienna gathered many immigrants from other parts of the empire. After the First World War, many Czechs returned to their motherland, resulting in a decrease in the city's population, and Vienna lost a quarter of its population. In the following immigration period, about one third of the population had Slavic and Hungarian surnames. At present, the urban population of Vienna is 654.38+700,000 (statistics in 2008).

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aviation

Vienna International Airport, also known as Schweichater Airport, is 0/6 km away from the urban area/KLOC-with convenient transportation. At present, flights have been opened to Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Chongqing and other domestic big Schwaetzer airport cities and many international cities. There are also flights to other Austrian cities, such as Salzburg, Graz and Innsbruck. Vienna airport is different from many airports. The departing and arriving people are all in the same hall. Arriving guests need to go through the crowd waiting for departure, follow the "arrival" sign, and when they reach the ground floor, they can see the border checkpoint. It's convenient to get to the city from the airport, and there are many kinds of transportation to choose from: airport bus, airport express train and taxi.

railway

The most convenient means of transportation to travel around Austria is the train. Vienna trains are in good condition, clean, punctual and fast. From Vienna, tourists generally choose the following routes: Vienna-Linz-Salzburg (entering Germany), Vienna-Bruggen Del Moore-Klagenfurt-Filach (entering Italy). It takes about 3 hours and 20 minutes from Vienna to Salzburg, 74.4 euros for first class and 46.6 euros for second class, and 2 hours and 40 minutes to Graz, first class. 34 euros for second class, 3 hours and 28 minutes to Linz, 46.8 euros for first class, 30.6 euros for second class, 6 hours to Innsbruck, 92 euros for first class and 62.8 euros for second class. ⊿ The Austrian Railway Card is applicable to all routes of the Austrian Federal Railway and is valid for any three-day continuous travel within 15 days. You can contact the travel agency to buy it. Austria is part of the European railway system. You can enjoy a 50% discount on any Austrian federal railway line and Danube shipping line with the Eurail discount card, and it also applies to the full fare between points. European railway cards can be purchased outside Europe.

water transportation

The Danube River connects Vienna and Budapest, Hungary, and shipping is a very practical mode of transportation between the two capitals. It takes 5 hours to sail downstream from Vienna to Budapest and 6 hours and 20 minutes to sail upstream from Budapest to Vienna.

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Vienna has a climate of Central Europe. Influenced by the Atlantic Ocean in the west, the temperature difference between winter and summer, day and night is large and rainy, while the eastern part has a continental climate with small temperature difference and little rainfall. Alpine areas have long winters and cool summers. The average temperature in July is 14- 19℃, and the highest temperature is generally 32℃. Vienna is a transitional climate, which is influenced by both the maritime climate from the west and the continental climate from the east. Vienna has little precipitation, long dry period and warmer winters than other Austrian cities. The average temperature in the city center is 10.4℃, and the average precipitation in the suburbs is about 600 mm. About 60 days in a year are summer, 70 days are freezing, and the weather is extremely cold.

Edit the historical evolution of this paragraph.

Vienna is an ancient city with a history of 1800 years. Vienna was inhabited in the Neolithic Age. The Celts founded Vienna around 500 BC and called it "Vidonia". In 15, it became the frontier city of the Roman Empire to defend the northern Germanic tribes. The Romans called it "Vindobona". The Romans built castles here in 1 century, which was first recorded as "Vinia" in 88 1 year, and became a handicraft and commercial center in 12 century. /kloc-from the end of 0/3 to 19 18 was the capital of Habsburg dynasty, followed by Austria. To 1 137, becoming the first city of the Austrian Principality. Since then, Victoria has also become the capital of the Holy Roman Empire (since 1278). /kloc-at the end of 0/3, with the rise and rapid development of the Habsburg royal family, magnificent Gothic buildings have sprung up like mushrooms after rain. /kloc-After the 5th century, it became the capital of the Roman Empire and the economic center of Europe. Every time the Ottoman Empire invaded Europe in16th century and17th century, it was blocked in Vienna. /kloc-In the 8th century, Maria Tilesia and her son were keen on reform, attacking church forces, promoting social progress, and at the same time bringing prosperity to art, making Vienna gradually become the center of European classical music and gaining the reputation of "Music City". With the prosperity of Austria-Hungary in the19th century, Vienna became an important metropolis in Europe at that time, and became the capital of Austria (from 1806) and Austria-Hungary (from 1867). 1873, Vienna hosted the World Expo 106 days. In World War II, Austria merged with Nazi Germany again. After the war, Austria and Vienna, like Germany and Berlin, were divided into four controlled areas by Britain, the United States, France and the Soviet Union until Austria regained its independence in 1955. During the Cold War, Vienna was a hotbed of international espionage because it was a neutral country between the East and West groups.

Prehistoric times, Roman times, the Middle Ages

Archaeological findings show that there were human activities in Vienna in the Paleolithic Age, and people lived in the Vienna Basin in the Neolithic Age. Vienna's good climatic conditions and abundant land resources provide a good living environment for Neolithic farmers, and the red, brown and green stones needed for casting stone tools can also be mined in Vienna. The bronze age, the bronze age and the iron age also left traces of human habitation in Vienna. Around 500 BC, the Celts established a residential area called Vedunia in what is now Vienna. /kloc-in the 0 th century, the Roman Empire stationed troops near the Danube River (now the center of Vienna) and established a city to protect the border of Pannonia Province. The Romans stayed until the 5th century. At the beginning of the 5th century, a devastating fire broke out in Vienna, and the next record appeared in the battle with magyars in 88 1 year. In 955, King Otto I of the Eastern Frankish Kingdom defeated magyars at the Battle of Lechfield, marking the rise of Vienna and Austria.

Babenburg dynasty era

In 976 AD, Emperor Otto II of the Holy Roman Empire made Leopold I of the Babenburg family a vassal in the eastern border area of Bavaria (Mark). This Hungarian border fief later evolved into Austria. In 1996, the name "Austria" first appeared in the history books. Aussie Taric means "East Mark". 165438+ Vienna has always been an important trading city in the 20th century. 1 155, Henry II took Vienna as the capital. One year later, on September 1 156, the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I granted a small privilege to Henry II of Austria, which belonged to Austria. 122 1 year, Vienna became the second city in Austria to enjoy the right to develop economy after Enes. Businessmen passing through Vienna had to sell goods in the city, which soon made Vienna a crucial trading city on the road from Danube to Venice.

Habsburg era

Habsburg dynasty ruled in Vienna for hundreds of years, during which Vienna developed into the cultural and political center of Europe. 1278, German Habsburg King Rudolph I (1273 ~ 129 1 reigned) defeated Bohemian King Otoka II of Babenburg dynasty after many conquests, and began the history of Habsburg dynasty ruling Austria. However, in Vienna, the Habsburg dynasty took a long time to establish its dominance. After Otto Ka II was killed in the Battle of 1278, his supporters in Vienna remained strong, and he launched many uprisings against German King Albrecht I (from 1298 to 1308). Albrecht I's successor, Luxemburg Dynasty henry vii (1308- 13 13 reigned,1312-1313 Holy Roman Emperor), has its capital in Prague. Vienna Opera House

Then Rudolf IV (Duke of Austria 1358 ~ 1365) promulgated and implemented a series of economic policies, which revived Vienna. 1365, he established the University of Vienna and ordered the construction of Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna. He made great contributions to Vienna, so he was praised as "the builder of Vienna", but since then he joined Habs. After Albrecht II, Duke of Austria (1404-1439 Duke of Austria, 1438-1439 King of Germany) was elected king of Germany, Vienna became the capital again, but something happened during his tenure. The weak Frederick III (1440 to 1493 German King, 1452 to 1493 Holy Roman Emperor, 1457 to 1493 Austrian Grand Duke) is in contact with Hungarian King Hunyadi magaz. 1556 After Hungary and Bohemia merged into Habsburg, Vienna finally became the capital of the Holy Roman Empire.

Two Vienna besieged cities and baroque modern times.

1529, the Ottoman Empire besieged Vienna for the first time. The Austrians relied on the walls left over from the Middle Ages and struggled to resist the Turkish attack. In the case of epidemic and early arrival of winter, Turks were forced to evacuate. The Turkish siege exposed the weakness of Vienna's defense, so starting from 1548, Vienna decided to transform into a fortress consisting of 1 1 fortress and 1 trench. This decision was later proved to be wise. 1683, the Turks besieged Vienna for the second time, and the rebuilt fortress defended Vienna for two months. It was not until Polish King Jan sobieski sent troops to help that the siege of Vienna was lifted for the second time, which led to the decline of the Ottoman Empire. After two Turkish sieges, Vienna began a glorious era of construction, and continued to show Baroque artistic style in the process of reconstruction. Nobles have built gardens and palaces within the city walls, the most famous of which is Prince Eugen's Belverdi Palace. Meijing Palace (Belverdi Palace)

After two great population declines caused by major pests and infectious diseases, 1679 and 17 13, the population of Vienna continued to increase, reaching150,000 in 2004 and over 200,000 in 1790. In this era, the first factories were established and laid the foundation stone in Vienna. Vienna is also one of the first cities to introduce residential label system and national postal system. In Joseph II (1780- 1790 Austrian Grand Duke, 1765- 1790 Holy Roman Emperor), 1783 carried out urban management reform. He introduced the civil service system in the city and moved the cemetery in the inner city outside the city. Karl Cathedral

With the rapid development of the city, Vienna soon became one of the most important cultural centers in Europe. Haydn, salieri, Mozart, Beethoven and Schubert pushed Viennese classicism to its peak.

Vienna under the Austrian Empire and the Austro-Hungarian Empire

In the French Revolutionary War, Vienna was occupied twice by Napoleon's army. The first time occurred in 1805,165438+1October, 13. The French army entered Vienna without resistance, and the citizens of Vienna even welcomed them curiously. Franz Ii put on the Austrian crown in 1804, in response to Napoleon's claim to the throne, became the first emperor of Austria and began the history of the Austrian empire. Napoleon dissolved the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, and Franz Ii had to take off the crown of the Holy Roman Empire and become the last emperor of the Holy Roman Empire (from 1792 to 1806). Napoleon occupied Vienna for the second time in 1809, but this time he met with stubborn resistance. Shortly after he occupied Vienna, he tasted the first defeat in the Battle of Aspen. After Napoleon's final defeat, he held a meeting in Vienna from September 2004 18 18 to June 9, 2005. This is a diplomatic conference of European powers initiated by Austrian diplomat klemens metternich, aiming at adjusting the political map of Europe after Napoleon's defeat. 1848 The French February Revolution also had an impact on Vienna. 13 In March, the German March Revolution broke out, forcing Chancellor klemens metternich to step down, and then the Vienna October Uprising broke out in June 10, which was finally suppressed by the emperor's army.

1873 Vienna World Expo

The expansion of Vienna began at 1850, and it was brilliant again. 1867 When the Austro-Hungarian Empire was founded, Johann Strauss II, the "king of waltzes", wrote the most famous Austrian waltz "Blue Danube". This glory reached its peak at the Fifth World Expo in Vienna in 1873, and the Expo displayed unprecedented architectural design. Although the Austro-Hungarian Empire came to an end, Vienna once again climbed the cultural peak represented by Vienna modernism during this period. Art Nouveau was launched in urban architecture, with gustav klimt and Egon Schiele, Mahler and Lehar, Schoenberg, Weber and alban Berg, who were prominent expressionists in painting, as the "Vienna Second Music School" in music, and sigmund freud initiated psychoanalysis. Johann Strauss II

World War I and the First Republic of Austria

Although the First World War did not directly affect Vienna, the protracted war caused a crisis in food and clothing supply. The end of World War I declared the end of six centuries of Habsburg rule and the disintegration of Austria-Hungary. 1October 219165438+12, the former Germany Austria was founded, and 19 19 was renamed Austria. Almost half of Austria's population lives in Lower Austria, where Vienna is located. The other six federal states are worried about being dominated by Lower Austria for a long time. In addition, there is a serious political opposition between Vienna of the Social Democratic Party and other parts of conservative Lower Austria. 192 1 year, Austria decided to separate Vienna from lower Austria, and Vienna became a federal state of Austria in 1922. At the same time, in 19 19, Vienna implemented equal elections for men and women. Since then, the Social Democratic Party has always won an absolute majority in the elections of the city Senate, state assemblies and local assemblies, so Vienna is called "Red Vienna". Mozart statue in Vienna

During the period of the First Republic of Austria, Vienna experienced inflation from 19 18 to 1925, a world economic crisis of 1929, and a high unemployment rate. In addition, the conservative Austrian federal government reduces Austria's tax support year by year. 1933 Hitler came to power, 1938 Hitler, as the prime minister of the German Empire, marched into and annexed Austria, ending the history of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and establishing the Nazi dictatorship.

Vienna under Nazi rule

One of the six large reinforced concrete anti-aircraft gun platforms built during World War II still exists in Vienna. 1908 Hitler, 19 years old, applied for the Vienna Art Institute twice, but was not accepted. He had to make a living by doing odd jobs and selling copy paintings in Vienna, where he was influenced by the Pan-Germanic National Party. Hitler later claimed, "Vienna was and still is the most difficult school in my life. The world outlook and philosophy of life formed there have become a solid foundation for all my future actions. Apart from the foundation laid at that time, there is little need to learn or change anything in the future. This world outlook and philosophy of life is that "the reason why human beings are the spirit of all things is not based on the principle of human nature, but only through the most barbaric struggle ... without struggle, we can't live." Hitler's genocidal policy towards Jews revived anti-Semitism buried in Vienna for hundreds of years in the 20th century. Shortly after Germany entered Austria, Viennese of Aryan race began to threaten, torture and plunder Viennese of Jewish race involuntarily, and drove them out of their homes. The morning of1938165438+10 was called "crystal night", and the organized Nazi massacre of Jews began. In Vienna, 92 synagogues were destroyed, but only one survived. On the one hand, the Nazis defined modern art as "degenerate art" (German: Entartete Kunst), on the other hand, they vigorously promoted "German culture" in Vienna, for example, at 194 1, when Mozart died (1791)1. The name "Austria" disappeared from historical documents, and only the Austrian First Savings Bank, which was established in Vienna in 18 19, still retained this name. 1944, 17 In March, the allied forces attacked Vienna for the first time, and one fifth of the city was destroyed. 1April 2, 945, Vienna was declared a Nazi defense zone, and women and children were asked to leave the city, which means that the war has reached a white-hot stage, and the Soviet army is only a few kilometers away from Vienna. The battle of Vienna lasted eight days, and forty thousand people were killed. Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna was not damaged by air raids and wars, but was caught in a fire in a looting.

Allied occupation and the Second Republic of Austria

Vienna was occupied by the Soviet Union after World War II. Soon after, the Soviet Red Army began to build new urban management institutions. First, the producer of * * * served as the interim mayor, and three days later, he was replaced by the Austrian Social Democrats. 1On April 27th, 945, representatives of the Austrian Social Democratic Party, the Austrian People's Party and the Austrian producers declared Austria's independence at the Vienna City Hall. On April 29th, the occupation authorities handed over the parliament building to the new interim government, and the "Austrian Democratic Republic" was rebuilt. 1In the autumn of 945, the Soviet Union allowed three other allies to enter Vienna, and the United States, Britain, France and the Soviet Union jointly occupied Vienna. Austria was completely independent until May 1955, when the Austrian national treaty was signed and the allied forces withdrew. Like Austria and other cities in western Europe, Vienna experienced economic recovery and urban reconstruction with the help of Marshall Plan after World War II.

Since the October incident in Hungary.

1956 After the October incident in Hungary and the failed uprising against the authorities of the * * * production party, a large number of Hungarians fled to the west, and Vienna accepted many Hungarians. 1968 Vienna accepted many Czechs and Soviets after the Prague Spring. Vienna is gradually developing into an international city. 1957, the international atomic energy agency became the first international organization stationed in Vienna after 1945. Since 196 1, American President John F. Kennedy and General Secretary of the Soviet Central Committee Khrushchev held a summit in Vienna, Vienna has been the residence of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries and the Development Foundation. 1979, American president Carter and Soviet general secretary Brezhnev met in Vienna. 1980, Vienna International Center became the third residence of the United Nations, and Vienna was positioned as a city for international conferences and international conflict resolution.

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Besides new york and Geneva, Vienna is the third United Nations city. Austria International Center, also known as "United Nations City", which was built in 1979, is magnificent and is the concentration place of many United Nations agencies. It was once the seat of the central institution of the Habsburg dynasty that ruled Europe for a long time; 18 14 Austrian prime minister and foreign minister metternich showed the political power of intrigue at the protracted Vienna conference; 18 15 years, the emperors of Russia, Poland and Austria concluded the so-called "holy alliance" in an effort to put out the bourgeois revolution; Under the influence of the European Revolution from 65438 to 0848, the barricade war broke out in Vienna, and metternich fled to London. 1867 became the capital of Austria-Hungary, the European overlord; In the early 1930s, Hitler became the leader of Nazi Germany, and in March 1938, he led his troops into Vienna, thus starting the Second World War. During the war, the whole city was bombed 53 times in turn, and many classical buildings were destroyed. 1955 In May, the Soviet Union, the United States, Britain, France and Austria signed the Treaty on Rebuilding an Independent and Democratic Austria in the "Beautiful Palace" conference hall, thus ending the occupation of the four countries for 10 years; 1955, 10/0 On October 26th, the Austrian Parliament declared the constitutional law "permanently neutral", and this day was designated as the National Day. Beethoven statue

Austria is called "the heart of Europe" and Vienna is "the heart of the heart". Vienna has been a transportation hub connecting East and West Europe since ancient times and an important passage between the Baltic Sea and the Adriatic Sea.

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Within the EU, Vienna is a city with high quality of life and low crime rate. According to the data of 2007, Vienna ranks fifth among the richest cities in the European Union, just behind London, Luxembourg, Brussels and Hamburg. Vienna is also known as the "springboard to Eastern Europe" because Vienna and its enterprises have good relations with Central and Eastern Europe. Under the background of EU's eastward expansion in 2004, many large foreign enterprises handed over their business in Central and Eastern European countries to Vienna branches or set up agencies in Vienna to explore the Central and Eastern European market from Vienna, such as French building materials giants Lafarge Group, henkel, Ruiwei Group and Beiersdorf Company. In order to enter the Central and Eastern European market, some foreign companies bought Austrian companies in Vienna, such as Dutch beverage tycoon Heineken, the largest beer company in Austria, and UniCredit Italy, the Austrian Credit Bank. Most large enterprises in Austria are headquartered in Vienna, including almost all banks in Austria, the Austrian Oil and Gas Group (OMV AG), Weinberg, the world's largest brick maker, and Telecom Austria. The Vienna Stock Exchange is the only stock exchange in Austria. About 900 enterprises manage agriculture in Vienna 16% area, and produce about 50,000 tons of vegetables every year, including tomatoes, peppers, cucumbers, salads and radishes. In this season, they supply 70% fresh vegetables in Vienna and 56% fresh vegetables in Austria.

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