North Korea: Geographical location, area, climate, population, national culture, customs, language, religion, basic necessities of life.

The Democratic People's Republic of Korea (Korean:, English: Democratic People's Republic of Korea) is called "Korea" for short. It is a socialist country located in the northern part of the Korean Peninsula in East Asia, and the ruling party is the Workers' Party of Korea. South China is separated from South Korea by the demilitarized zone between Korea and Korea along the 38th parallel, north China borders People's Republic of China (PRC) and Russia, west China faces Bohai Sea, across the sea from Shandong Peninsula and east China faces the Sea of Japan. Pyongyang, the capital.

The socialist regime of North Korea was established on September 9, 1948 after the Second World War, with a territory area of 122762 square kilometers and a population of 25 155000 (20 15). The Korean nation is a single nation, and Korean is commonly used. Militarily, it emphasizes strengthening national strength under the guidance of the idea of "going first" North Korea currently has about 6.5438+0.2 million soldiers, making it the fifth largest armed force in the world.

1958, North Korea announced that it had completed the socialist transformation of urban and rural production relations and established a socialist economic system. 1970 announced the realization of socialist industrialization. 1975 became a full member of the "Group of 77" in May and formally joined the Non-Aligned Movement in August of the same year. 1991September 17 Join the United Nations with Korea. In July 2000, he joined the ASEAN Regional Forum. Established diplomatic relations with 163 countries (including the European Union).

North Korea is dominated by the subjective thoughts put forward by the first leader Kim Il Sung, and the Workers' Party of Korea is in power. Its political and economic system is dominated by the politics of the First Army, and it is a country that adheres to socialism. North Korea pursues an "independent, peaceful and friendly" foreign policy and advocates the development of foreign relations in accordance with the principles of complete equality, independence, mutual respect, non-interference in each other's internal affairs and mutual benefit. 2017165438+1on October 20th, the U.S. government announced that North Korea was once again included in the list of countries supporting terrorism.

natural environment

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Regional position

The Democratic People's Republic of Korea is located in eastern Asia and the northern half of the Korean Peninsula. It borders China in the north, Russia in the northeast and South Korea by the military demarcation line of the 38th parallel. The Korean peninsula is surrounded by the sea on three sides, with the Sea of Japan (including East Korea Bay) in the east and the Yellow Sea (including West Korea Bay) in the southwest. Mountains account for about 80% of the country. The total length of the peninsula coastline is about 17300 km (including the island coastline). ? [8]?

topography

Geologically, Pyongyang belongs to granite and limestone terrane formed in Mesozoic and Jurassic, and is called "Datong system" by North Korea. Pyongyang is relatively flat, with plains and hills as the main terrain, with an average elevation of 27 meters. The main plain is Pyongyang Plain, covering an area of 950 square kilometers; Shun 'an Plain Area 190 km2. China's mountain peaks (actually hills) mainly include Peony Peak, which is 95 meters high. Huofeng Mountain, elevation196m; General Shuai Feng of Dacheng Mountain is 270 meters high; Longyue Mountain, 292 meters high. Pyongyang is located in the lower reaches of the Datong River, and there are many rivers in the territory, mainly including the Datong River, the Ordinary River, the Nanjiang River, the Hezhang River and the Shangyuanjiang River. These islands are Doulao Island and Yangjiao Island.

Climatic characteristics

North Korea belongs to the temperate East Asian monsoon climate. It is warm and rainy in summer and cold and dry in winter. The annual average temperature is 8 ~12 c, and the annual average precipitation is 1000 ~ 1200mm. The rainfall from June to September accounts for 70% of the whole year. The annual average precipitation is about 1500mm, which gradually decreases from south to north. The average temperature in winter is below zero. It is the hottest in summer and August, with the temperature of 25 degrees Celsius. It is vulnerable to typhoons in March, April and early summer. There was an ice age.

administrative division

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Map of North Korea

Main items: administrative divisions of Korea

North Korea is divided into three municipalities (special cities) and nine provinces, namely Pyongyang, Kaesong, Luoxian and South Ping 'an, North Ping 'an, Cijiang, Liangjiang, South Hamgyong, North Hamgyong, gangwon, South Yellow Sea and North Yellow Sea. 199 1 At the end of the year, North Korea established the first special economic zone-Luo Jin Pioneer Free Economic and Trade Zone (later renamed Luoxian Economic and Trade Zone).

region

Dao/municipality directly under the Central Government

capital

zone

Human population

Ping 'an (Kansai) Square

Pinzan special city

Pyongyang

1600 square kilometers

2.7 million people

Ping' an north avenue

Sinuiju city

12 19 1 km2

24 10000 people

Ping' an south avenue

Pingcheng

12330 km2

3597557 people

Cijiang avenue

Jiang Jie.

166 13 km2

1 147946 people

Sinuiju Special Administrative Region

Sinuiju city

132 km2

349,500 people

Jing Xian (Guannan) Place

hamgyeongbuk do

Jinqing city

Jing Xian south avenue

Xianxing city

Liangjiang avenue

Huishan city

14000 square kilometers

630 thousand people

Luo Xian directly governs the city.

Luoxian city

Yellow Sea (Haixi) region

Huanghai Putuo

Shariyuan city

Huangnan avenue

Haizhou city

Kaicheng special city

Kaicheng special city

Kaicheng industrial zone

Kaicheng special city

Gangwon (Lingxi/Lingdong)

Gangwon (North)

wonsan city

10600 square kilometers

1477582 people

Mount Kumgang tourist area

Jingangjun

National symbol

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national flag

It is a horizontal rectangle with the length-width ratio of 2∶ 1. The flag surface consists of three rectangles: blue, red and blue. Blue and red are separated by white stripes. There is a white round field with a red five-pointed star near the flagpole in the red wide strip. The wide red stripe symbolizes lofty patriotism and tenacious struggle, the white stripe symbolizes that North Korea is a single nation, the narrow blue stripe symbolizes unity and peace, and the red five-pointed star symbolizes revolutionary tradition.

national emblem

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National emblem of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea

The heart-shaped pattern is a magnificent dam and power station. The rolling pale blue mountains surround the quiet lake, and the blue-white lake pours down from the sluice to form a spectacular waterfall, and a high-voltage transmission tower stands under the dam. Just above the red five-pointed star, golden light shines and produces fireworks to show strength. The hydropower station on the national emblem represents the modern industry and working class based on heavy industry, and the golden ears of rice with red ribbons on both sides represent agriculture and farmers. Mountains and lakes symbolize North Korea's "three thousand miles of beautiful mountains and rivers".

national anthem

The patriotic song, written in 1947, was written by Pak Se yong.

Lyrics:

Look at the rising sun shining on beautiful and rich land and mineral deposits.

The motherland is three thousand miles away.

National anthem of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea

Painting has a long history of five thousand years.

Excellent national culture breeds the growth of outstanding talents.

Let's bravely defend our motherland and give all our strength!

Learn from the heroic spirit of Baitou Mountain and carry forward the spirit of hard work and courage to take responsibility.

For the truth, we are united in our struggle, through thick and thin.

To build a country according to the wishes of the people, the power is endless,

May the motherland be brilliant and prosperous forever.

national flower

North Korea cuckoo, North Korea called Jindalai, scientific name red cuckoo. It means lasting flowers, symbolizing long-term prosperity, joy and happiness.

Population and nationality

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By 20 15, the total population of North Korea will be 25155,000. A single nation is Korean/Korean, and Korean is commonly used.

politics

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form

1In September 1998, the first meeting of the1Supreme People's Assembly of the DPRK made major amendments and supplements to the Constitution promulgated in 1972 and revised in 1992. The new constitution contains the content of advocating the late Kim Il Sung of president (19 12- 1994) as the "eternal chairman"; The government was renamed the Cabinet (formerly known as the Council); Changing the Standing Committee of the Supreme People's Assembly into the Standing Committee of the Supreme People's Assembly; Delete the "President" section and cancel the Central People's Committee, the former leading body of the highest state power; The national defense commission is defined as "the highest military leading organ of national sovereignty and the organ that comprehensively manages national defense."

organization

Supreme people's assembly of Korea

Night view of the "April 25th Square" discussion hall in Pyongyang, North Korea.

The Supreme People's Assembly of the DPRK is the highest organ of state power (equivalent to the National People's Congress of China) and exercises legislative power. The Standing Committee of the Supreme People's Assembly (equivalent to the NPC Standing Committee in China) is the highest organ of state power when the Supreme People's Assembly is not in session. The term of office of deputies to the Supreme People's Assembly is five years. In September 2003, the 1 1 session of the Supreme People's Assembly elected 687 members. The meeting was presided over by the speaker, and the current speaker is Cui Taifu. The standing body during the intersessional period is the Standing Committee of the Supreme People's Assembly, whose chairman is Jin Yongnan, who was elected in September 2003.

North Korea National Defense Commission

North Korea's highest military leading organ and the organ in charge of national defense are elected by the Supreme People's Assembly and are responsible to the Supreme People's Assembly for a term of five years. The National Defense Commission consists of a chairman, vice-chairmen and members. The chairman commands the national armed forces and leads the national defense work in an all-round way.

cabinet

The Cabinet is the highest executive organ of the country, with a term of five years.

The main members include: Premier Park Zhufeng, Vice Premier Lu Douzhe, Kim Young-Jin, Li Mao Ying and Li Tiewan. Lu Douzhe, director of the State Planning Commission, Minister of Chemical Industry, Minister of Agriculture Li Tiewan, Minister of Foreign Industry Li, Minister of Electric Power Industry Jin Wanshou, Minister of Coal Industry Civilization, Minister of Metal Industry, Minister of Railway Industry Quan, Minister of Land and Sea Transportation Jiang Zhongkuan, Minister of Mining Li Xuezhe, Minister of Land and Resources Development Li Chunsan, Minister of Crude Oil Industry and Minister of Land and Resources Development Li Chunsan. Dong, Minister of Building Materials Industry, Hao Cheng, Minister of National Construction Supervision, Zhao Yongzhe, Minister of Food and Daily Commodities Industry, Minister of Town and Fisheries, Minister of Finance Zheng, Minister of Labor Li Longnan, Chairman of State Science and Technology Commission Cui Xiangjian, President of National Academy of Sciences, Minister of Land and Environmental Protection, Minister of Urban Management Jin, Minister of Grain Bureau Jiang, Minister of Commerce Kim Kyung Nam, Chairman of Education Committee and Minister of General Education, President of Kim Il Sung Comprehensive University and Education Committee, Minister of Higher Education Tai Hengche, Minister of Health Jiang Heguo, Minister of Culture Park Chunnan, Minister of Sports Li Zongmao, Governor of Central Bank Jin Tianjun, Director of Central Statistics Li Shenghu and Minister of Cabinet Affairs Jin Yinghao.

●? judicial authority

Judicial organs include the Supreme Court, provincial courts, people's courts and special courts. The Supreme Court is the highest judicial organ of the country, and its president is elected by the Supreme People's Assembly for a term of five years. Myong Chol Pak, the current director, took office in April 2004.

Procuratorial organs include the Supreme Procuratorate, provincial (municipality directly under the Central Government), city (district), county procuratorates and special procuratorates. The Supreme Procuratorate is the highest procuratorial organ in the country, and its director is appointed by the Supreme People's Assembly for a term of five years. Zhang Bingkui, the current director, was re-elected in April 2004.

political party

Workers’ Party of Korea

Workers’ Party of Korea

The Workers' Party of Korea (WPK) is the ruling party of North Korea, formerly known as the Korean Production Party. Founded in 1945 10 10, 10 on August 28th, 946, merged with the New Democratic Party of Korea to form the Workers' Party of Korea, and129, 949 merged with the Workers' Party of Korea. The anniversary of the founding of the Party 1945 10 10/month 10, with more than 4 million in party member. Marshal Kim Jong-un, the first secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea and the first chairman of the National Defense Commission, was elected in April 20 12; Jin Yongnan, Chairman of the Standing Committee of the Supreme People's Assembly, took office on 1998. On March 20 13, the seventh meeting of the DPRK 12 Supreme People's Assembly appointed Park Bong-joo as Prime Minister. ? [9]?

Social Democratic Party of Korea

Formerly known as the Democratic Party of Korea, it was founded on1945165438+10. It was composed of small and medium-sized entrepreneurs, businessmen, craftsmen, farmers and Christians who opposed Japanese colonial rule. 198 1 changed its name to its current name, with more than 30,000 people in party member. President Kim Dae-jung was elected in August, 1998. ? [9]?

Heaven and quiet party

Founded on February 8, 1946, it is mainly composed of farmers who believe in Heaven. Chairman Ryu Mi Yong was elected in July. 1993.

In addition, there are social groups and organizations such as the United Democratic Front of the Motherland and the Committee for the Peaceful Reunification of the Motherland. ? [9]?

Political heavyweight

Kim Jong-un

Kim Jong-un, the Supreme Leader of North Korea

The supreme leader of the DPRK, the first secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea, the first chairman of the National Defense Commission, and the supreme commander of the Korean People's Army. In September, 2065438+00, he was elected as the vice chairman of the Central Military Commission. 20 1 1 12.30 was elected as the supreme commander of the Korean people's army. 20 14 02 1 1 was elected as the first secretary at the fourth congress of the workers' party of Korea. On April 3, 65438, he was elected as the first chairman of the National Defense Commission at the 5th meeting of the 12 session of the Supreme People's Assembly of the DPRK. /kloc-in July of 0/7, he was awarded the title of * * * of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea and State Marshal. On April 9, 20 14, he was re-elected as the first chairman of the National Defense Commission at the 13 session of the Supreme People's Assembly of the DPRK.

Young-nam Kim

Chairman of the Standing Committee of the Supreme People's Assembly of the DPRK. 1928 was born in Pyongyang. 196 1 former vice minister of the international department of the workers' party of Korea. 1963 served as vice minister of foreign affairs in September. 1970 was elected as a member of the Labor Party Central Committee. 65438-0972 Minister of the International Liaison Department of the CPC Central Committee. 1974 was elected as an alternate member of the political Committee of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, 1978 was promoted as a member, and 1980 was elected as a member of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee and secretary of the Secretariat. 1983 65438+served as deputy prime minister and foreign minister in February. 65438+/KLOC-0 was elected Chairman of the Standing Committee of the Supreme People's Assembly in September 1998, September 2003, April 2009 and April 2065438+2004. 20 10 was elected as the CPC The Politburo Standing Committee (PSC) in September.

economy

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summary

Photos of the life of the Korean people

Before 1945, North Korea was a typical agricultural producer with agriculture as its main industry. 1945 After 15 broke away from Japanese colonial rule on August 5th, economic development gradually turned to industrial production. 1946 in March, the land reform law was promulgated, and the industry was nationalized in August. From 1947 to 1948, two one-year plans for the national economy were implemented. In 1950s, North Korea's industry developed rapidly, and its total industrial output value increased from 1953 to 1960, an increase of 39%, ranking first in the world. ? [ 10]? At the same time, North Korea is also the second largest industrial country in East Asia after Japan. ? [ 1 1]? The Korean War broke out from 1950 to 1953, which seriously damaged the Korean economy. From 1954 to 1956, North Korea experienced the post-war economic recovery period. 1 5-year plan was implemented in 195715, and socialist transformation of private ownership of means of production was completed in 1958/kloc-0. 196 1 Reform the management system, and establish the Daan work system, the new agricultural leadership system and the unified planning system. 1 seven-year plan begins with 1967, 1 six-year transition plan (197 1 ~ 1976), and the second and third seven-year plans begin with 1978 respectively. ? [ 12]?

After the Korean War, in the11950s and11960s, North Korea was politically stable, diplomatically allied with the Soviet Union, China and other countries, and its economy developed rapidly. However, after 1970s, people's living standard gradually fell behind that of South Korea. Because North Korea's economy is a part of the Eastern Group with the Soviet Union as the center and its structure is single, the Eastern Group is in an increasingly difficult situation after the failure of the Cold War in the 1980s. In the 1990s, after years of natural disasters, North Korea's economy fell into recession and entered the "March of Suffering".

During this period, while gradually establishing and enriching the industrial production base, North Korea paid attention to developing the socialist national economy, actively promoted the construction of power plants (stations), the reconstruction and expansion of enterprises, and promoted the construction of important projects such as the Shaliyuan potash joint venture. In order to solve the housing problem in a short time, Pyongyang made great efforts to build Unity Street. From 65438 to 0990, 30,000 sets of modern houses were built in one year. A 2000-kilometer-long canal was built to connect Datong River and Licheng River, Yalu River and Daning River into a large-scale irrigation network, which solved the problem of farmland irrigation in the western grain-producing areas.

199 1 At the end of the year, North Korea established its first special economic zone-Luo Jin Pioneer Free Economic and Trade Zone (Luoxian Special City). North Korea's economy has gradually stepped out of the trough and achieved recovery growth. ? [ 12]?

North Korea's economic system is a highly centralized planned economy, and state-owned industries occupy an absolute control position. The government vigorously develops heavy industry and national defense industry.

Korean banknotes began to be used on February 65438+ 2009.

Since July 2002, North Korea has implemented a series of economic adjustment measures, and according to the new environmental and climate requirements, it has proposed to innovate the economy with modern technology and improve the economic management system. Wages, prices and exchange rates have been greatly adjusted, giving enterprises more independent management rights and setting up Kaesong Industrial Zone and Mount Kumgang Tourist Area. These measures have played a positive role in economic recovery and development, and maintained the recovery growth of the Korean economy in recent years.

2011110 In October, North Korea established the State Economic Development Administration and formulated the Ten-Year Strategic Plan for National Economic Development. The plan defines the strategic objectives of infrastructure construction, agriculture, electric power, coal, petroleum, metals and other basic industries and regional development, and formulates a framework for opening the door to a powerful country in 20 12, "showing the prospect of reaching the level of developed countries in 2020".

20 14 On July 24th, the Standing Committee of the Supreme People's Assembly of the DPRK issued a decree on the same day, deciding to establish a number of new economic development zones nationwide. ? [ 13]?

According to the decree, North Korea will set up a cutting-edge technology development zone in Pyongyang, an international green demonstration zone in South Yellow Sea Road, an export processing zone in Nanpu City, an industrial development zone and an agricultural development zone in South Ping 'an Road, and a tourism development zone in North Ping 'an Road. The decree also announced that the "special economic zone" in Sinuiju was renamed as "Sinuiju International Economic Zone". North Korea's sovereignty will be exercised in development zones established by various provinces (first-level administrative divisions). ? [ 13]?

Industry and agriculture

Attach importance to the development of metallurgy, electric power, coal and railway transportation, as well as mining, machinery, chemical industry and light industry, and strive to standardize and modernize production. Concentrate on developing grain production, continue to implement improved varieties and double cropping system a year, and expand potato and soybean planting. Grain production is dominated by rice and corn.

industry

Industry is still the most important industry in North Korea, mainly heavy industry and national defense industry. Except for a few special economic zones that allow foreign investment, Xichuan is a local state-owned industrial center, and its main products are machinery manufacturing, chemistry, mining, metallurgy, textile and food processing. These minerals are coal, tungsten, graphite, phosphate, iron, manganese, copper, lead and zinc. Among them, coal mines, tungsten mines and graphite are rich in reserves. Meanwhile, North Korea is the world's largest producer of fluorite, 15, as well as a copper producer and a salt producer, 12. In 2003, North Korea announced its computer development plan and planned to become a world software power in 2023.