20 1 1 English: English paper: five predictable characteristics of snowstorm freezing injury in Hunan [1]

201February 13 07: 56, "20 1 1 English: English Paper: Five Predictable Characteristics of Freezing Injury of Blizzard in Hunan [1]" was written by liuxue86.com English.

4 years 65438+1October,1994 65438+1October-65438+May 0995, 65438+April 0997-65438+June 0998, May 2002-2002.

654381October 30th, experts from Wuhan Regional Climate Center "took stock" of the low-temperature rain and snow process in Hunan Province since the founding of the People's Republic of China, saying that the intensity of this process has ranked second this year. In addition to this year, there are three severe low-temperature rain and snow processes in Hunan Province, which occurred in 1954, 1964 and 1977[7] respectively.

1954 12 15 to 14. The rainy weather in Hunan lasts for 2 1 day, in which the rainy season lasts for more than 15 days, and the average daily temperature in Hankou is below 0℃ for 23 days. The continuous low temperature caused serious crop freezing injury in this province, and nearly half of rapeseed was frozen to death. There are more than 1 10000 frozen cattle in the province, accounting for about 1/4 of the total number of cattle before the disaster. Most oranges in Yangxin, Guangji, Yunxian and Songzi froze to death. The freezing weather caused a rare freezing phenomenon in Hanshui River. It is feasible to ride a scooter on Tianmen Hanjiang River, which shows the thickness of ice. On the 540-kilometer route from Hankou to Fancheng, the government used an icebreaker, combined with blasting and manual operation, to break the ice day and night, and used explosives to break the ice in the thick ice area of Huangchenggang, Hanchuan County. After 24 days' efforts, the entire Hanjiang River was finally thawed on June 65438+1October 2 1 day, and shipping resumed.

1964 has a severe snowstorm. This process started on February 8, 1964 at/kloc-0, and the rain and snow process lasted for 13 days. The disaster was mainly caused by rain. From February 8 to 12, there was a heavy snowstorm in Jianghan plain, and from February 6 to 20, there was a light blizzard. Rain has done great harm to posts and telecommunications, overwhelming 1046 telephone poles. The snowstorm from 8th to 12 caused the ground to freeze, causing some cars and trams in Wuhan to stop. From February 5th to 26th, 2848 cows were frozen to death in yingshan county, and the summer grain yield was reduced by 16.3%.

The historical extreme minimum temperature appeared at 1977. This process started from1977 65438+1October 2 1, and the rainy and snowy days lasted for 10 days. A strong cold wave and cold air invaded our province, which not only brought heavy snow, but also caused the temperature to plummet. The lowest temperature in all places is extremely low, dropping to-10℃ to-18℃, and Wuhan's-18. 1℃ is the lowest in history, and the record has been maintained so far. Abnormal low temperature agriculture produces devastating freezing damage. Severe low temperature has caused serious freezing damage to overwintering crops such as vegetables, citrus and rape, and caused great economic losses. Tens of millions of kilograms of vegetables have been frozen in Wuhan alone, causing tight market supply [7].

Through statistical identification, we found that the freezing injury in Hunan has the following five characteristics:

The first major feature: 1954- 1955, 1964 and 1977 are the years of severe freezing injury in Hunan [7], all of which are in the Ramade cold phase and its boundary. La madre phenomenon determines two types of atmospheric circulation over the Pacific Ocean: cold phase and warm phase.

The second major feature: La Nina events occurred in 1954 and 1964, and El Ni? o events occurred in 1963 and 1976- 1977.

The third feature: 1954 is the year of sunspot valley (m), and the number of sunspots is 4.4; 1964 is the sunspot valley year (m), and the number of sunspots is10.2; 1976 is the year of sunspot valley (m), and the number of sunspots is 12.6. 1977 is the year after the year of sunspot valley (m+ 1), and the number of sunspots is 27.5. The freezing injury in Hunan occurred in the years with few sunspots.

The fourth major feature: 1954, 1964 and 1977 are all strong sandstorm years in Beijing [3-6, 8].

Thesis reference network

The fifth feature: the world influenza epidemic broke out in the following 1-4 years, namely 1957- 1958, 1968- 1969 and 1977.

La madre entered the cold period in 2000, and La Nina event occurred in 2007, which was the year of sunspot valley (M). At the beginning of 2008, severe snowstorm and freezing damage occurred in Hunan, and 2008 was the year after the year of sunspot valley (m+ 1). If there is a strong El Nino event in 2008-2009, there may be cold like 1954- 1958, 1964- 1969, 1975- 1977.

1954- 1958 disaster chain:1954 April-1956 February, strong La Nina event with intensity of 12 1,1954/. 1954- 1956 there was a strong sandstorm in Beijing; In April 1957-July 1958, a strong El Nino event with intensity of 97 occurred, and in June1957, a severe low temperature freezing injury occurred in Northeast China. 1957 February-1958 Asian influenza outbreak.

1963- 1969 disaster chain:1963 July-1964 1 month, a weak El Nino event with intensity of 30 occurred,1964 February 8 -26, Hunan suffered from low temperature. 1May 1964-1September 19651October, a moderate intensity La Nina event with intensity of 44 occurred; A strong sandstorm occurred in Beijing; 65438+May 0965-65438+March 0966, a strong El Ni? o event with intensity of 72 occurred; 65438+July 0967-65438+June 0968, the strong La Nina incident occurred; 196811-19701An El Nino event with intensity of 75 occurred; 1969 severe chilling injury occurred in the northeast; 19