How did Du Fu die?

Question 1: How and where did Du Fu die? Du Fu (7 12-770) was born in Gongxian County (now Henan Province) and was a great realistic poet in the Tang Dynasty. Later generations called him "the sage of poetry" and his poems "the history of poetry".

Du Fu cared about his country and people all his life. Despite the ups and downs of his career, he was still arrogant when he was young. He used poetry to shout for the national luck and people's livelihood and won eternal praise. So, how did Du Fu die?

For many years, the biggest question Du Fu left for future generations was the cause of his death. The literary and historical circles have put forward five theories about Du Fu's death, each holding its own word, which is thought-provoking.

First, the theory of death

Looking through Du Fu's biographies of Mo Lifeng and Tong Qiang, the book says: "Winter came and the poet fell ill. I got sick on the boat to Yueyang. ..... a superstar has fallen in this infinite loneliness. " (Tianjin People's Publishing House 200 1, 1, page 3 16).

Second, the drowning theory.

According to Li Guan's Addendum to Du Fu in the Tang Dynasty, "The river surged, and (Du Fu) lost his soul in shock, and he didn't know where to fall." Attribute Du Fu's death to drowning. After this law was put forward, scholars of past dynasties later refuted this theory.

Third, drown to death.

This theory originated from the statement that "three sages (Qu Yuan, Li Bai and Du Fu) are one water" in Du Zimei's tomb written in the name of Han Yu in the Tang Dynasty. Huai Sha three people out of the sink, this is obviously a kind of imagination without any basis.

Fourth, died of food poisoning.

Guo Moruo, a famous modern scholar, pointed out in his book Li Bai and Du Fu in his later years that Du Fu was addicted to alcohol and died of beef and liquor. According to his research, it was this time that Du Fu died of food poisoning because he ate too much beef (meat) (white wine) and the weather was a little hot.

Five, died of indigestion

According to Zheng Chuhui's Miscellaneous Notes on Ming Taizu in Tang Dynasty, Du Fu "the flood is coming, and he can't eat for ten days" ... "He let (Nie County Order) taste the white wine roasted by cattle, but (Du Fu) just drank too much and died overnight." In other words, he thinks Du Fu died of overeating. Later official books such as The Book of the New Tang Dynasty and Old Tang Shi all held this view.

This statement is more credible. Du Fu's death is closely related to hunger. After leaving Sichuan, Du Fu lived in Hunan. He was hungry for nine days because of the sudden flood. The local county magistrate rescued Du Fu by boat and entertained him with beef and white wine. Du Fu, who had a rare gluttony for a long time, suffered from indigestion due to overeating.

It should be said that the above explanations about Du Fu's death are clear, and the historical materials are detailed and well-founded, which cannot be easily denied. These mysteries need new historical data to solve.

If the answer is helpful to you, I sincerely hope your adoption and praise! !

Wish: learning progress! !

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Question 2: What was the cause of Du Fu's death? Where did you die? I'd rather eat beef and die. It seems that when it was a natural disaster for three years, * * * brought a pig head to my sister. Do you think that in those days, people's stomachs were either wild vegetables or bark? Where can they stand such greasy things? As a result, his brother-in-law ate and died. Du Fu's poverty in his later years is really regrettable.

Question 3: How did Du Fu die, where did he die and where was he buried? Researchers have different opinions about the cause of death of Du Fu, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty. Since the mid-Tang Dynasty, there are three main theories about Du Fu's death, one is "spitting beef and white wine", the other is "drowning" and the other is "dying of illness".

According to the old Tang book? "Biography of Du Fu" records: "In the second year of Yongtai (770), he spit beef and white wine and died in Leiyang overnight at the age of 59." The records in this book "Biography of the New Tang Dynasty" are basically the same: "In Dali, I left Qutang, went to Jiangling, and went back to Hunan to climb Hengshan Mountain, because I visited Leiyang and Yueyue Temple. There was a flood. This problem has caused different interpretations. As early as two books in the Tang Dynasty, Deng Chuhai, a Tang Dynasty man, recorded in Miscellanies of Ming Taizu: "Du Fu traveled to Leiyang and Yueci Temple, and the water reached its peak. No food for ten days, and the county magistrate greeted him by boat, letting him taste beef and roast white wine. After that, he wandered between Xiangtan and wasted his time in Leiyang County, Hengzhou, which was quite annoying to the governor. "Both Tang books adopted this theory, but neither clearly explained how beef and white wine caused death. Deng Chuhui made it clear that Du Fu died of overeating. Later, some people who studied Du Fu were in favor of Deng and some were against Deng. In the book Li Bai and Du Fu, Guo Moruo made a special discussion on Du Fu's death. He thought that Du Fu really died of beef. But because of poisoning. Lao Guo's analysis seems to be more scientific: when Du Fu blocked Leiyang water, it was summer, and Nie Ling sent beef white wine. Du Fu didn't finish it at one time, and the rest rotted because of poor refrigeration. Rotten meat is poisonous, especially within 24 to 28 hours after corruption, which will make people nervous paralysis, heart deterioration and death. In addition, Du Fu is old and sick, and liquor accelerates the circulation of toxins in the blood, so

As for drowning, it was first seen in Du Addendum in the Tang Dynasty. There is such a passage in this book: "I just arrived in Leiyang, and Nie ordered me to be rude. One day, I crossed the river and arrived in Shangzhou. I was drunk and stayed in a hotel. It was the surge of the Xijiang River, and I don't know where my body fell. Xuanzong is still in the south, thinking about his son and asking the world to do it. " "For this statement, many people think it is sheer nonsense, and later generations have criticized it, including Huang He, Deng Ang, Qian and Qiu. Indeed, people's accusations are justified, because Xuanzong died in the first year of Baoying (762), how could he miss the beauty of Zi in the fifth year of Dali (770)? Even so, some people imagine that Du Fu, like Qu Yuan, drowned himself in Huai Sha, because "the three sages (referring to Qu Yuan, Li Bai and Du Fu) all belong to one water". However, this kind of imagination has no basis at all and is not worth exploring.

Many researchers still insist that Du Fu died in a boat in Xiangjiang River, and give detailed and reasonable explanations to various records and legends about Du Fu's death.

In April of the fifth year of Dali (770), Zang D was set on fire by Hunan military forces at night, killing Hunan observer and Tanzhou secretariat Cui. At this time, Du Fu, who was poor and ill in Tanzhou, fled with his family and family, ready to go back to Chenshui to join his uncle Cui Wei, who worked in Chenzhou. Unexpectedly, when he arrived in Tianyi Fang, Leiyang County, he suddenly encountered a sudden surge in the river and could not sail, so he had to dock at Tianfang. Du Fu had to stay here for five or six days. Immediately, people brought rich food and invited them to study. Du Fu thanked Qi for his poem, which said, "Nie Leiyang blocked water with servants, made wine and meat with books, treated the barren river, and made poetry pregnant, so he flourished his original rhyme." Later, because the water did not retreat, the poem could not be made into Nie Ling, so I had to return to Hengzhou. After the flood receded, Nie Ling sent people to look for Du Fu on the river, but there was no news. In memory of this world-famous poet, it was later produced by the records of Ming Di Miscellanies, Du Fu Addendum and New and Old Tang Books ...

Question 4: How did Du Fu and Du Fu's son die? Du Fu died of hunger and satiety! Because Du Fu pretends to be lofty, although his family is poor, he is unwilling to accept alms from others, and his son often goes hungry. One day, he was away from home, and his neighbor's son was very poor, so he brought him a lot of food. He ate too much and was exhausted! The son was starved to death alive, as evidenced by a poem: "howl as soon as you get started, and the younger son starved to death." . I'd rather give up a mourning, and the alley sobbed. "The whole poem is as follows: From Beijing to Fengxian, I recited 500 words. Author: Du Fu Ling Du has cloth clothes, but the boss's intention is clumsy. It's silly to make a promise, but it's 1. Actually, it's a C, rich and broad. The matter of closing the coffin has passed, and this ambition is often ignored. When you are poor, you worry about Li Yuan, sighing that your intestines are hot. Teasing classmate Weng, Hao Gemi is powerful 6. Without rivers and seas, send the sun and the moon. When you give birth to Yao and Shunjun, you can't help it anymore. Today's corridors and temples lack furniture and buildings. The fire is biased towards the sun, so it is difficult to get +00 for physical properties. Gu Wei is a nobody, but he seeks his own opinions. Hu Weiwei craves whales and wants to suppress Bohai Sea 12? Therefore, my understanding of physiology is wrong, and I am ashamed to do things alone. So far, I have endured the dust without 14! Finally, I was ashamed of Wo He Li and failed to change its section 15. Drink, talk, and sing. At the end of the year, a hundred herbs are exhausted, and the high wind Gorkon cracks. The sky is overcast, and guests are sent at midnight 17. First frost is in rags, and his fingers can't be tied straight. After Mount Li in the early morning, the royal couch is at 18. Chiyou is filled with cold air, and the cliff and valley are slippery +09. Yaochi qi stagnation method, feather forest phase mo home twenty. The monarch and the minister stay in the music, and the music moves in the Yin Pavilion 2 1. Baths are all long tassels, and banquets are not short brown. The silks divided by Tong Pavilion come from the twenty-three cold women. Whip her husband's family and gather in Miyagi Que. The sage is full of grace and really wants to live in the country. If I suddenly understand, will you abandon this thing? Todo is in court, and the benevolent should tremble. I heard about the Inner Gold Plate, which is in Room 27 of Huo Wei. Dancing fairy in the middle temple, misty jade 28. Warm the mink and fur, pity the tube and clear the throat. Guests are advised to order camel's hoof soup, frost orange and orange 29. The wine and meat in Zhumen stink, and the road has frozen bones. Prosperity and poverty are very different, and depression is hard to describe. The north is on the river and Guandu is in power, 3 1. The group of ice falls from the west, with the highest eye height of 32 meters. Doubt is coming, I am afraid to touch Tianzhu 32. Fortunately, the river beam died in the end, and the branches supported O@ 34. Traveling and climbing mountains, Sichuan and Guangzhou can't pass 35. My wife sent her to another county, 36 miles from the snowy area. Who can ignore it for long? Ordinary to * * * hungry 37. The novice is wailing and the youngest son is hungry. I would rather give up a mourning, and the alley also sobbed. Being ashamed of being a father led to come to a bad end. Do you know that the autumn harvest is rising and you are in a hurry? Life is often tax-free, and the name is not levied. The traces are still sour and pungent, and the flat people are solid and coquettish. Meditate on the unemployed, 4 1 died because of being far away. Worry stops in the south, and you can't worry about it.

Question 5: How did Du Fu die? There are three main theories about Du Fu's death, one is "spitting beef and white wine", the other is "drowning" and the third is "dying of illness". Whether Du Fu died of illness in the boat, beef and white wine or drowning in the water is still inconclusive and needs further discussion by researchers.

How did the beef liquor die? This problem has caused different interpretations. Deng, a native of the Tang Dynasty, taught me two books before the Tang Dynasty &; Lt top > There is such a record in the book: "As long as the poem is thrown at the slaughter, the slaughter will cause the white wine baked by the cow to be left behind, as long as it is drunk, overnight." It can be seen that both Tang books adopted this theory, but neither clearly stated how beef liquor was killed. Deng Chuhui made it clear that Du Fu ate too much and died of abdominal distension. Later, some people who studied Du Fu agreed with Deng Shou and some opposed it.

Yes, he did. Guo Moruo believes that Du Fu did die of beef and white wine, but it was not "death" but poisoning.

As for drowning, it was first seen in Li Guan. There is such a sentence in this book: "The Xijiang River soared and lost its body." For this statement, many people think it is sheer nonsense, and later many scholars have demonstrated it. Nevertheless, some people want to drown Huai Sha like Du Fuxiang Qu Yuan. Because it happens that "the three sages (referring to Qu Yuan, Li Bai and Du Fu) are in the same water". But this kind of imagination is unfounded and is also

It's not worth digging into.

Many researchers still insist on the view that Du Fu died in a boat in Xiangjiang River, and give reasonable explanations to various records and legends about Du Fu's death.

In April of the fifth year of Dali, Du Fu, who was poor and ill in Tanzhou, fled with his family and family. Unexpectedly, the river suddenly rose, so he couldn't sail, so he had to dock in the field. Du Fu can't eat here for five or six days. After the flood receded, people were sent to look for Du Fu on the river, but he disappeared, indicating that Du Fu was buried by the flood. Later, because of the records in >,>, Old and New >, Du Fu died of legends such as beef liquor and drowning.

Question 6: How did the poet Du Fu die? In the winter of 768 (the third year of Tang Dali), he left Sichuan for Yueyang by boat with his wife and children. The following spring, Zhou lived in Tanzhou (now Changsha). In April 770 (the fifth year of Emperor Taizong), Hunan military forces made Zang Wei send troops to rebel. In order to avoid the war, Du Fu returned to Xiangjiang River in the middle of the night and went to his uncle Cui Wei. When the boat arrives in Tianyi Fang, Leiyang, it can't go forward in case of flood, and it is not allowed to eat for half a day. Leiyang county magistrate sent beef liquor. Du Fu turned back to Changsha and lived in Jiangge. In late autumn, I miss my hometown and enter the Dongting alone. Because of the recurrence of serious illness, the expenses were exhausted, so I had to go back to Miluo River to visit my friends in Changjiang County (now Pingjiang) for medical treatment. Unfortunately, he died in the county government and was buried in Days Mirror Lake, ODA. His sons, Zong Wu and Sun, stayed behind to guard the tomb, and Du's family has since multiplied.

Question 7: How did Du Fu die? I looked it up on Baidu Encyclopedia. . . There are five theories. . . .

First, the theory of death

Looking through Du Fu's biographies of Mo Lifeng and Tong Qiang, the book says: "Winter came and the poet fell ill. I got sick on the boat to Yueyang. ..... a superstar has fallen in this infinite loneliness. " (Tianjin People's Publishing House 200 1, 1, page 3 16).

Second, drowning.

This theory originated from Du Fu's Addendum written in the name of Li Guan in the Tang Dynasty. This statement by Li Bai and Du Fu

After the law was put forward, scholars of past dynasties later refuted this statement and clearly pointed out the "serious injury" in this passage. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty died in the first year of Baoying in 762 AD. How could he be granted the death of Fu in Du Zimei in 770?

Third, drown to death.

This theory originated from the statement that "three sages (Qu Yuan, Li Bai and Du Fu) are one water" in Du Zimei's tomb written in the name of Han Yu in the Tang Dynasty. Huai Sha three people out of the sink, this is obviously a kind of imagination without any basis.

Fourth, died of food poisoning.

Guo Moruo, a famous modern scholar, put forward this statement, which is also speculative, and there is almost no literature as the basis of pure personal literature creation.

Five, died of indigestion

This statement is more credible. Du Fu's death is closely related to hunger. After leaving Sichuan, Du Fu lived in Hunan. He was hungry for nine days because of the sudden flood. The local county magistrate rescued Du Fu by boat and entertained him with beef and white wine. Du Fu was a rare glutton, because he didn't eat for a long time and died of indigestion.

. . . . . . .

How did Brother Daodi die? . . It remains to be verified. .

Question 8: How did Du Fu die? Du Fu's death is a mystery. The degree of doubt and suspense is no less than the poet Li Bai.

Both Old Tang Book and New Tang Book say that Du Fu died because he ate too much beef and drank too much white wine. At that time, Du Fu was in Leiyang. He was caught in a flood and didn't eat for many days. Later, the county magistrate entertained him with barbecue and white wine, and Du Fu was drunk and died that night!

However, according to Yuan Zhen's "Epitaph of Yuan Wailang Du Jun, the School Inspection Department of Tang Dynasty", "Jingchu died in Yueyang at the age of 59." Like other languages, it seems that Du Fu died of aging. In addition, some people say that Du Fu drowned. (There is no relevant data to prove the drowning part)

It stands to reason that the records of Du Fu's death in the new and old Tang books should be highly credible. However, some Japanese scholars have pointed out that because this part of the narrative in the old and new Tang books adopts the method of Tang Ming Miscellanies, which contains many fictional stories, the authenticity of the records about Du Fu's death in the old and new Tang books is debatable.

Guo Moruo, a mainland scholar, said in the article Li Bai and Du Fu that when Du Fu died, he tended to say that Du Fu died of food. Guo Moruo cleverly concluded that eating meat and drinking alcohol would kill Du Fu. Because Du Fu eats carrion! It is strange to eat carrion and die without poisoning.

There are always different opinions about the cause of Du Fu's death. Old Tang book? Du Fu biography: "Yongtai spit beef and white wine for two years, and died in Leiyang overnight at the age of 59." "Biography of the New Tang Dynasty" records that ... Guo Moruo made a special discussion on Du Fu's death in his book Li Bai and Du Fu. He believes that Du Fu did die of beef and liquor, but it was not "sudden death" but poisoning.

According to the Miscellanies of Zheng Chuhui in Ming Dynasty, Du Fu died of beef and liquor. In the summer of the fifth year of Dali (AD 770), Du Fu deserted to Hengzhou. On the way to Leiyang, the ship was well anchored in Tianyi Fang in case of flood. I was hungry for about ten days because of lack of food. When Nie, the magistrate of Leiyang County, learned about it, he sent beef white wine. Du Fu ate too much and died overnight. According to Mr. Guo Moruo's textual research, there must be a lot of beef sent by Nie county magistrate, but Du Fu didn't finish it once. In summer, it is not well refrigerated and easy to rot. The carrion is poisonous, and Du Fu may die of poisoning.

An article in Reader magazine said that a domestic Du Fu research expert had a unique research achievement in the world. It took him 19 years to prove that Du Fu died of eating beef, so he became an authority.

No matter "yes" or "no", there are no readers, so I don't know if this is right.

In front of the screen wall of the thatched cottage, the President and his wife and other tourists took a group photo here. Later, he came to Daya Gallery. Accompanied by Du Fu and Li Bai, Chirac stood in front of the sculpture for a long time. Chirac, who likes reading Tang poems and has a deep study of Tang Wenhua, is full of praise for Li Bai and Du Fu, and even wrote articles introducing Li Bai. He discussed the cause of Du Fu's death with Yao Fei, the tour guide. The president said he read that Du Fu died of eating beef and drinking. Yao Fei gently corrected that authoritative experts now believe that Du Fu died of diabetes. The headmaster smiled happily and said that he had learned some more knowledge.

Please adopt ~

Question 9: How did Du Fu die of illness?

Question 10: How did Li Bai and Du Fu die? The death of Li Bai has always been controversial. Generally speaking, there are three ways to die: one is drunk, the other is sick, and the third is drowning. The first way to die is found in Old Tang Shu, which says that Li Bai "died of drunkenness in Xuancheng because of excessive drinking". Should be more credible. The second way to die can also be found in other official history or the textual research of experts and scholars, so it can't be believed. It is said that when Li Bai was in Dongzhen, Li Guangbi, he volunteered to kill the enemy regardless of his age of 6 1. He hoped to try his best to save the nation and survive in his later years, and returned home due to illness. He died in Dangtu County Magistrate and the most famous seal writer Li in the Tang Dynasty. The third law of death is more common in folklore, which is very romantic and conforms to the poet's character. Believe it or not, it is said that Li Bai was drinking on the Dangtu River and drowned because he jumped into the water drunk to catch the moon. But no matter how you die, it is directly related to your participation in the rebellion and insurrection of Li Yu in Wang Yong. It is an indisputable fact that Li Bai was exiled to Yelang shortly after he was pardoned, ending his legendary and bumpy life. Looking at Li Bai's three ways to die, the author believes in Old Tang Shu. There are three reasons: first, because it is the official history compiled by later generations, if he is said to be "a martyr in his twilight years and full of courage" and "he died before he could conquer", it is impossible not to record it. Secondly, because Li Bai was addicted to alcohol all his life, he boasted that "the sober people in the old days forgot all the sages, and only the drinkers left their names" and "five flowers and golden flowers and golden autumn, and gave them to the boy for good wine". It is understandable and acceptable that people are old and weak and drink too much to die. Thirdly, he died in Xuancheng, Anhui, not Dangtu, because Li Bai had a special liking for Xuancheng all his life, and he mentioned it many times in his poems. And his preference for Xuancheng is only because Xie Tiao, whom he admired, was an official here.

Li Bai and Uncle Dangtu ordered Li to preface the Collection of Caotang, saying, "It's not good to try string music in Dangtu. Don't dislike me in your spare time. I take care of you on a gondola. When I am in danger, I am in a hurry. I have thousands of drafts, and my hand set has not been repaired yet. I'll give you a short order on my pillow. " In the Tang Dynasty, Li Hua's Preface to the Epitaph of Hanlin Bachelor Li Jun said: "In the southeast of Gushu, there is a tomb of Tang Dynasty scholar Li Bai ... (Li Bai) was sixty-two years old and died in a swan song." Twenty-nine years after Li Bai's death, the Record of the Hanlin Bachelor in Tang Dynasty, written in the sixth year of Zhenyuan (79 1), also said: "Your name is white, and Tianbao will return to the mountain at the beginning. I swam here occasionally and died of illness because I was buried here. All white youths are famous for their poems. If they are hanged here, the desolate graves will be destroyed, their voices and voices will be remembered, and their sorrow will not stop. " The so-called "death from illness", "death has a dead song" and "death from illness" in ancient literature clearly tell people that Li Bai died of illness.

Li Bai was addicted to alcohol all his life, because he was known as the "drunken fairy". When you play with Li Bai's poems, you can smell a strong smell of wine. The poet's "Into the Wine" has "Boil a sheep, kill a cow, sharpen my appetite, and make me drink for three hundred bowls!" . There is a saying that "Laugh till you get as drunk as a fiddler, and have fun all your life" in "To Jiang Yang for the Carving of Lu". "To Liu" has the saying that "four seats are all talked about, and a thousand sacrifices are made a day". "Xun Cen looks for what he sees, Yuan Danqiu treats wine with poetry and sees what he does", and there is a saying, "When you open your face and drink, you suddenly become drunk with joy". The third part of "Drinking the Moon Four Alone" is "I am drunk and lost the world, but I am so lonely that I don't know where I am, and I enjoy it the most". In this way, scholars naturally associate Li Bai's death with fatal drunkenness. Pi Rixiu, a poet in the late Tang Dynasty, once wrote in Li Hanlin's Poems: "I was threatened by corruption and drunk to the extreme." In other words, Li Bai was fatal because of drunkenness, and even the soul who ascended to heaven was drunk.

Guo Moruo, a contemporary scholar, was inspired by the "threat theory" and studied and speculated from the medical point of view. He believes that Li Bai traveled to Jinling at the age of 6 1 year, and traveled between Gongxuan and Liyang counties. Li Guangbi East Town is near Huaihe River, and Li Bai made up his mind to join the army. Unfortunately, he went to Jinling to get sick and returned halfway. This is the initial stage of hypochondriasis and should be regarded as empyema. A year later, Li Bai was recuperating in Dangtu, with chronic empyema and perforated chest wall, which was fatal due to "decay" and eventually died in Dangtu.

How did Li Bai die? There have been stories of illness, drunkenness and drowning in history. According to Kao Zhengshi, the Book of Old Tang Dynasty said that he "died of drinking too much." The Book of the New Tang Dynasty only said that he was dead, not how he died. In the epitaph of Anthology, Li only said that he was "in a hurry" and did not say that he was dead. Li Hua only said that he "died a dying song" and didn't say why. Fan started by saying that he was "born here and died here", which means that he died in Dangtu. Liu said that he "swam here occasionally, so he died of illness", which means that he died of quarrying. Ji took notes and sang, "Tang Xianyan", the king of the Five Dynasties, said: "Li Bai swam in the Quarry River with a palace robe and was proud of himself. He died because he was drunk and caught the moon in the water" (see chronology). Li Bai died because he was drunk and caught the moon ... >>