Cause and influence of El Nino phenomenon

The southeast wind weakened. When the southeast trade winds blowing near the equator in the southern hemisphere weaken, the cold water flooding in the Pacific Ocean will be reduced or stopped, resulting in abnormal warming of sea water temperature in a large range. The traditional equatorial ocean currents and atmospheric circulation anomalies lead to abnormal precipitation in some areas along the Pacific Ocean, while others are seriously dry.

When the earth's rotation slows down, the "braking effect" makes the atmosphere and seawater in the equatorial belt gain an eastward inertia, the equatorial currents and trade winds weaken, the warm water in the western Pacific flows eastward, and the cold water in the eastern Pacific is blocked, resulting in the El Ni? o phenomenon that the seawater heats up and the sea level rises due to the accumulation of warm water.

2. Impact: El Ni? o is prone to warm winters, heavy rains and floods in the south, high temperature and drought in the north and Leng Xia in the northeast. Extreme weather is more dangerous than simple temperature changes.

1, typhoon reduced. The number of tropical storms (typhoons) in the western Pacific and the number of coastal landings in China are less than normal.

2. The summer monsoon is weak, and the monsoon rain belt is south, which is located in the middle of China or south of the Yangtze River. The northern region is prone to drought and high temperature in summer, while the southern region is prone to low temperature and flood. In the past century, serious floods in China, such as 193 1, 1954, 1998 in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, all occurred one year after the El Ni? o phenomenon.

3. In the winter after El Nino, the northern part of China is prone to warm winters.

Extended data:

In 20 15, the strongest El Ni? o phenomenon occurred in history, and global warming was irreversible. In 20 15, not only the southern hemisphere, but also the northern hemisphere ushered in a warm Christmas. After the winter Christmas faded, when people were enjoying the warmth at the beginning of the new year, the extreme cold wave came unexpectedly and swept through most parts of the northern hemisphere.

In February 65438, the hurricane "Journey to the South" formed in the Atlantic Ocean moved forward, carrying warm air in the low-pressure area. Warm air swept across Britain, the United States and Iceland and reached the cold North Pole. Fierce warm air is continuously imported into the North Pole, and even the local cold air should stay away from it and dare not stand in front of it.

At this time, the temperature in the Arctic suddenly rose from minus 30 degrees Celsius to 1 degree. This is the second time that the Arctic temperature has been higher than 0 degrees Celsius on record. Although short-lived, due to the massive invasion of warm air from outside, the originally stable polar vortex suddenly split, forming a number of southward cold currents. The eastern United States bears the brunt, and more than a dozen States have ushered in extreme weather such as snowstorms, tornadoes and strong winds. The warm winter in the middle and low latitudes in the northern hemisphere was suddenly replaced by severe winter, and even the Ryukyu Islands, which has always been warm all the year round, began to snow.

Baidu encyclopedia-El Nino phenomenon