Contents of Cao Pi's "Yan Ge Xing"

Original text

The autumn wind is bleak and the weather is cool, ①

The grass and trees are shaking and the dew turns to frost,

The swallows say goodbye and return to the south to fly.

I miss you so much while traveling, ②

I long for my hometown, ③

Why should I leave you somewhere else? ④

The humble concubine stays alone in the empty room, ⑤

I don’t dare to forget you when I come to worry about you,

I don’t feel my clothes are stained with tears. ⑥

The sound of the piano strings brings forth the Qing Dynasty, ⑦

Short songs and slight chants cannot last long, ⑧

The bright moon shines brightly on my bed.

The starry sky is still young in the west, ⑨

The morning glory and the weaver girl look at each other from afar,

How can you live alone in the river? ⑩

Notes ① Desolate: describes the sound of the wind blowing the trees.

② SiCang: Sadness.

③ 慊慊(qiànqiàn): dissatisfied.

④ Flood: stay. Yanliu: stay for a long time. Send: stay, sojourn.

⑤ Qióngqióng: Lonely appearance.

⑥ dip: soak.

⑦ Yuan: take, bring it over. Ming: ring, use the method. Qing Shang: The strings have four tunes, namely Mangong, Manjiao, Jingyu and Qingshang. The Shang tune is clear and rapid, often expressing feelings of resentment.

⑧ Short song: In ancient times, long song and short song were used to express the length of the song. The long songs are high and intense, while the short songs are quick and low.

⑨ Xinghan: Galaxy. Yang: Finished, finished, mostly used in negative sentences.

⑩ Er: You refer to the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl. Du: adverb, strengthening the questioning tone. Limit: block. Beam: Bridge. Heliang: This refers to "river", that is, the Milky Way.

The main idea of ??the poem

The autumn wind is bleak and the weather is getting cooler.

The leaves of the grass and trees are falling one after another, and the white dew has turned into frost.

Swallows and wild geese also flew south in groups.

Thinking about you traveling to a foreign land makes me sad,

I don’t want to live abroad and always want to return to my hometown.

Then why do you stay there for so long?

I am lonely and alone in an empty room.

I miss you so much that I cannot forget you.

Unknowingly, my clothes have been wetted with tears.

Take the piano and play a sad song from Qing Dynasty and Shang Dynasty.

Along with the piano, a humble short song is sung.

(The sound of the piano cannot distract it. I am full of sadness,)

The only thing that accompanies me is the bright moonlight on the bed.

(Looking up at the stars,)

I saw the Milky Way turning west, the long night,

The Cowherd and the Weaver Girl were looking at each other eagerly on both sides of the bank,

— —What sin do you have?

Why are you separated on both sides of the Milky Way!

Appreciation

Cao Pi, one of the three Cao Cao, is an important writer of Jian'an literature. He is good at learning the expression form of Yuefu folk songs. The content mostly expresses the sorrow and hatred of a wanderer missing his wife, with delicate emotions. Euphemistic and lingering, the language is simple, beautiful and natural.

Yan Ge Xing" is an old Yuefu title. Yan is a borderland in the north. It has always been conquered continuously, which makes relatives separated and unable to reunite. Therefore, "Yan Ge Xing" is mostly used to describe the feelings of parting. The last two poems in Cao Pi's "Yan Ge Xing" usually refer to the first one, which is this poem. This poem is recognized as the earliest existing complete seven-character poem in my country. It plays an important role in the history of poetry development. At the same time, it itself has a high artistic level and is Cao Pi's masterpiece.

This poem describes the psychological activities of a missing woman who longs for her husband who is traveling far away. It is euphemistic and full of tears. It can be said to be an inner monologue written in the character's own tone. The fifteen lines of the poem can be divided into five levels according to their emotional context and psychological changes, namely feeling autumn - looking forward to returning - thinking about the king - feeling sad - hating the sky.

One (1, 2, 3) feels autumn. Describe the arrival of autumn from the changes in phenology, that is, write about the autumn wind and frost, the falling leaves and the return of wild geese from the aspects of weather, plant and animal climatology, depicting a solemn and desolate autumn scene, which not only highlights the season, but also describes the autumn scenery. The environment exaggerates the atmosphere and sets a melancholy and sad emotional tone for the whole poem. This way of opening with a sense of things has distinct characteristics of folk songs.

Two (4, 5, 6) hope to return. Following the previous layer, it writes about the eagerness to look forward to the husband's return and highlights the lyrical theme. However, he does not express his feelings directly, but he first makes an aside and writes about the wanderer's homesickness and melancholy longing for home from the other side. Writing in this way not only shows that missing is the common wish of both parties, enriches the content of the poem, but also changes the lyrical angle, making the writing more exciting. This is a common lyrical method in ancient poetry. Everyone is familiar with it, such as the last two sentences of Wang Wei's "Remembering Brothers in Shandong on September 9th": "I know from afar that brothers are climbing high, and one less person is missing when they plant dogwoods everywhere." By imagining brothers climbing high, they miss each other. For example, in Liu Yong's "Eight Sounds of Ganzhou", "I miss the beautiful woman dressing up in the building and looking up at the building, I missed seeing the sky a few times and returning to the boat", imagining the love of the beautiful woman to write about myself. thoughts. The same is true here. It clearly describes the husband's longing for his hometown and his longing to return home. The last sentence takes advantage of the situation and asks: "Why are you stranded in a foreign country and haven't returned yet?" The anger expresses the complex psychology of deep affection, intertwined love and hate, hatred due to love, and resentment due to thoughts.

Three (7, 8, 9) miss you.

From the top to writing about the other party, he writes about himself, expressing his longing for his husband, expressing the sorrow, sadness, melancholy and resentment of being loyal but bored, full of longing but having nowhere to express, incisively and vividly, and is poignant and moving. Among them, the word "empty", of course, does not mean that the house is empty, but implies that without the beloved, everything becomes nothingness and has no meaning. "Unconsciously tears stain clothes" is a very expressive detail. "Tears" is the external expression of thinking. "Tears" without "consciousness" is the emotional point. "Hanging clothes" highlights the pain of lovesickness and the depth of sorrow. This sentence vividly depicts the helpless situation where one can only lament and shed tears. It can be said that "silence is better than sound at this time."

Four (10, 11, 12) relieve sorrow. This kind of miserable mood was really unbearable, so in desperation, I picked up the piano and played a piece of music. This was not a pastime for ordinary joy, but a distraction for times of extreme sadness that could not be resolved. Words are the voice of the heart, and music is also the voice of the heart. Therefore, in this situation, what can be played and sung can only be sad and low-pitched short songs in business tunes, rather than high-pitched and joyful long songs. The sound of the piano and the voice of the heart interact with each other. The voice of the heart is the sound of the piano, and the sound of the piano is also the voice of the heart. However, the result of relieving sorrow is that the sorrow is hard to go away - the sentence "The bright moon shines brightly on my bed" creates a cold and empty atmosphere, expressing the melancholy and lonely mood of the missing woman. It is not only a description of the scene, but also a hint of using the piano to relieve sorrow. result. This poem is derived from "Nineteen Ancient Poems" "How bright the bright moon is, shining on my bed curtains", implying the meaning of the next sentence "Sad and unable to sleep", but it is more implicit.

Five (13, 14, 15) hate the sky. From the upper level, it is written from the indoor moonlight to the outdoor starry sky, from the starry sky to the Milky Way, and from the Milky Way to the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl facing each other across the river. The Cowherd and the Weaver Girl fell in love with each other but were separated on both sides of the Milky Way. They could only get together once a year on Chinese Valentine's Day. This is a romantic and poignant mythical love story known to women and children. The thinking woman compares herself to the cow girl, not mentioning herself at all, but corresponding to herself everywhere: writing about the love of the cow girl is to write about her own lovesickness; lamenting that the cow girl cannot meet, is lamenting that her husband and wife cannot be reunited; talking about cow and girl To be punished without guilt is actually to accuse God of injustice and one's own misfortune. At this level, the comprehensive use of analogy and rhetorical methods is subtle, euphemistic and meaningful.

The above five levels are relaxed and relaxed, with distinct layers, clear veins, and natural and smooth transitions. The whole poem repeatedly changes the lyrical angle, uses a variety of expression techniques such as fu, comparison, and xing, and integrates environmental description, psychological description, portrait description, action description and other methods to repeatedly render the emotions of the missing woman from all aspects, expressing it fully without being repetitive. The feeling of stacking up is worthy of being a masterpiece in the history of Chinese literature.