Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Weather forecast - Celebrity stories in idiom stories and their origins
Celebrity stories in idiom stories and their origins
"Sun Tzu's Art of War Nine Places": "Burning the boat and breaking the kettle, driving the sheep away, I don't know what."
Historical Records Biography of Xiang Yu: "Xiang Yu killed the top scholar Qing Zi (Yi Song, commander-in-chief of the Chu army) and was a famous warlord in Chu. He sent General Yangchun and General Pu to cross the river (Zhanghe) with 20,000 soldiers to save the giant deer. If the war is not so profitable, Chen Yu will ask the soldiers. Xiang Yu learned that when he led the troops to cross the river, they all sank, burned the house, and held three matches to show that the soldiers would die, and none of them returned. "
The "burning the boat and breaking the kettle" mentioned in Sun Tzu's Art of War, although it also expresses the significance of desperate war, has not yet formed the allusions that are often said in later generations. It was not until "Historical Records" that the incident of "Xiang Yu's cross the rubicon" became typical: Xiang Yu took the lead to save the giant deer, and the first battle was less profitable. Xiang Yu led a great army to cross the Zhanghe River, cross the rubicon and boost morale. Finally, Su Jiao was killed, Wang Li was betrayed, and Qin Jun was defeated in Juluchang.
Later, he expressed his determination with "cross the rubicon" and did not look back.
Shi Ming Kefa's "Ask the teacher for a thief's words": "I am humble, I am brave, I am lying on my salary, I am collecting talents, I am waiting for you, I am willing to cross the rubicon, I am afraid it will not help." (See Shi Zhongzheng Gong Ji)
source
"Historical Records of Xiang Yu's Biography": "When Xiang Yu learned that he led his troops to cross the river, they all sank, broke the cauldron, burned the house, and gave three meals to show that his soldiers would die, and there was no return."
In 209 BC, a peasant uprising led by Chen Sheng and Guangwu broke out in the history of China. After the sacrifice of Chen Sheng and Guangwu, the two armies led by Liu Bang and Xiang Yu gradually grew up. In 207 BC, the rebel army of Xiang Yu and the main force of Qin Jun led by Zhang Han, the general of Qin Dynasty, fought in Julu (now Xingtai, Hebei). Xiang Yu, not afraid of strong enemies, led his troops across Zhangshui (a river where Julu flows northeast to southeast). After crossing the river, Xiang Yu ordered the whole army: "Anyone who sinks a ship, breaks a cauldron, burns down houses, and leaves three rations to show that the foot soldiers will die, and no one will return to their hearts." In World War I, Julu defeated Qin Jun and Xiang Bing.
synonym
There is no turning back, the last battle, or die.
antonym
Hesitate, hesitate, hesitate
a two-part allegorical saying
Xiang Yu smashed the pot.
use
As predicate, object and adverbial; Describe a great determination to do things.
example
1. As long as we are determined, we can overcome all kinds of difficulties in our study.
Without fear, the soldiers bravely rushed to the enemy with the determination to cross the rubicon.
3. The army quickly accepted the principle of fighting on exterior lines, determined to win more battles, and did mass work well in the spirit of burning the bridge and opened up new base areas.
point out
"Kettle" can't be written as "axe".
suggestion
Historical background:
When Chen Sheng and Guangwu revolted in Daze Township, Xiang Liang and Xiang Yu of Wuzhong (now Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province) responded. Xiang Liang's father, Xiang Yu's grandfather, is a famous Chu Xiang Yan. Xiang Yu's father died in his early years, and he grew up under the care of his uncle Xiang Liang. At an early age, he was determined to avenge his country. His uncle teaches him calligraphy, but he doesn't study hard. Let him learn fencing, he doesn't work hard. Xiang Liang was very angry and called him worthless. But Xiang Yu said: "Reading and writing, at most, just remember your own name." When I am good at fencing, I can only fight with a few people. I want to learn the skill of one man against ten thousand people. "After hearing what Xiang Yu said, Xiang Liang felt that his nephew was very ambitious, so he taught Xiang Yu to study the art of war. Xiang Liang himself is good at making friends. Whenever he meets someone who has something important, he tries to help. Local people like him very much. He has become a hero leader in Wuzhong, and even local officials should respect him.
Many people came to see Qin Shihuang's last cruise after Wuzhong. People standing on both sides, seeing this majestic and luxurious emperor driving a Mercedes-Benz, all stood there in a daze, and the atmosphere did not dare to breathe (Chu m: n). Only Xiang Yu, who was a head taller than others in the crowd, stared at a pair of big eyes with gods under heavy eyebrows and blurted out: "What's the big deal? Anyone can take his place! " Xiang Liang quickly covered Xiang Yu's mouth in fright and warned in a low voice, "You are talking nonsense here. If someone informs on you, you will destroy nine families. " After returning home, Xiang Yu complained about his uncle and said, "On weekdays, you always let me practice martial arts and learn the art of war, so that I never forget the hatred of my home country." Why are you so timid today? " Xiang Liang said, "We should do great things, and we should not be impatient. If you want revenge, you must learn to wait for the opportunity. "
This year, Qin Shihuang died on his way back to Xianyang. In the second year, II succeeded to the throne, and Chen Sheng and Guangwu revolted in Daze Township. After the news came, Xiang Liang and Xiang Yu were very happy and excited. They thought it was time to get revenge on Chu, so they killed the local leaders and gathered 8000 soldiers to rise up against Qin.
Soon, the news came that Chen Sheng was defeated by Zhang Han, a general of the State of Qin. Xiang Liang quickly led 8000 soldiers from Jiangdong, crossed the Yangtze River and advanced to the western front. Some scattered anti-Qin teams, such as the armed forces led by Chen Ying, Ying Bu and Lv Chen, all defected to Xiang Liang's team one after another, and suddenly increased to 670,000 people. But by this time, Chen Wang had been killed by the traitor Zhuang Jia, and the Zhang Chu regime had been torn apart. At this critical juncture, Xiang Liang held a meeting of rebel leaders in Xue County (now south of tengxian) to discuss the selection of rebel leaders. At this moment, an old man in his seventies named Fan Zeng came to offer suggestions. He said to Xiang Liang, "The state of Qin destroyed six countries, and Chu was the most unfortunate. Chu Huaiwang was deceived and died in the State of Qin, and the Chu people still miss him. You started from Jiangdong, and many people came to see you. This is because your family has been a general of Chu for generations, and people want you to restore Chu. If you think Chu Huaiwang's descendants are? Wang Yi will certainly be able to call on more people. "
Xiang Liang felt that Fan Zeng's words were very reasonable, so he sent people to look around for the descendants of Chu Huaiwang. Not long after, we found Chu Huaiwang's grandson Xiong Xin, who was only 13 years old and was herding sheep for others. So Xiang Liang led everyone to make Xiong Xin king of Chu, and in order to conform to the nostalgia of the Chu people for the old country, he was still called "Chu Huaiwang". After the news spread, many people came to join Xiang Liang's team.
Xiang Liang placed Chu Huaiwang in Xuyi (now the northeast of Xuyi County) and led troops to continue westward. Defeated in Dong 'e (now northeast of yanggu county, Shandong Province), defeated in Puyang (now northeast of Huaxian County, Henan Province), and then captured Dingtao (now south of Heze, Shandong Province). At this time, the old nobles of Qi, Zhao, Yan, Wei and other countries also established kings on their own land and restored their titles, and the world of Qin was about to perish. Xiang Liang ordered Xiang Yu and Liu Bang, who had recently defected to him, to lead troops to the west quickly. Xiang Yu and Liu Bang killed Li You, the general of the Qin Dynasty. Seeing the critical situation, Zhang Han asked the Qin government to send reinforcements. After Xiang Liang's victory, he was complacent and unprepared. He attacked Dingtao and killed Xiang Liang. After Xiang Liang's death, the insurgents suffered heavy losses, so Xiang Yu, Liu Bang and Lv Chen had to retreat to Pengcheng (now Xuzhou, Jiangsu) and take the defensive.
Besides, Zhang Han, the general of the Qin Dynasty, after defeating the main force of the Chu army led by Xiang Liang, thought that the Chu army was weakened and there was no need to worry, so he put them aside and led the army across the Yellow River to attack Zhao Xie, who claimed to be the prince of Zhao at that time. The Prince of Zhao and his advisers Zhang Er and Chen Yu could not resist Qin Jun's attack, so they had to retreat to Julu (now Pingxiang County, Hebei Province) and hold their ground. Zhang Han sent general Wang Li to besiege the giant Lucheng like an iron drum, Qin Jun set an iron wall outside the city, and Zhang Han personally led the main force to transport food and grass to replenish the besieged Wang Li army.
Zhao was surrounded and couldn't keep it, so he quickly sent for help. Zhao Dajun, granted by Yan and Ji, had already arrived, but seeing Qin Jun's powerful influence, no one wanted to be an egg that touched the stone, and all of them were stationed in a place far away from Qin Jun.
In addition, Chu Huaiwang also received a distress letter from the prince of Zhao, and quickly prepared reinforcements, sent Yi Song as a general, and asked him to go north with Xiang Yu and Fan Zeng to save Zhao.
Yi Song set out from Cheng Peng with a great army, and the soldiers rested for several months. Now I hear that they are going to fight against Qin Jun's main force, rubbing their hands and fighting spirit is very strong. However, Yi Song is a timid and selfish villain. He won the trust of Chu Huaiwang with sweet words and cheated the relieving, but he didn't want to fight hard with Qin Jun at the gate. When he arrived in Anyang (now east of Cao County, Shandong Province), he ordered the whole army to rest in place. This stay is more than 40 days. He drinks and makes merry in the tent every day and never mentions helping Zhao.
Xiang Yu couldn't bear it. He came to see Yi Song: "Saving troops is like putting out a fire. Now the prince of Zhao is in danger. We should immediately lead our troops across the Yellow River and cooperate with Zhao Wang, and we will definitely defeat Qin Jun! " Yi Song gave Xiang Yu a sidelong glance and said slowly, "Where do you know the wonderful use of the art of war? Our goal is to destroy Qin Jun. My idea is to let Qin and Zhao fight to the death first, so that we can reap the benefits of the fishermen. I can't compare with you on the battlefield. If you want to make suggestions, you are far behind me. " Xiang Yu was robbed for nothing, but he didn't have an attack. He angrily walked out of the army account.
Yi Song smiled at his back, then drafted an order and announced it to the whole army, saying, "Soldiers should fight fiercely like tigers and wolves, but anyone who disobeys the order will be beheaded." This is obviously aimed at Xiang Yu, telling him to obey orders obediently.
Xiang Yu is a hot temper, how can he swallow this tone? One morning, armed to the teeth, he strode into Song Yijun's tent and once again demanded that troops be sent to rescue Zhao immediately. Song Yi lost his temper and shouted, "My military orders have been issued. Would you like to try the order first? " Xiang Yu roared, "I want to borrow my order!" Song Yiben was a straw bag, and he was scared into a ball at once. Xiang Yu cut off his head with a sword. When the soldiers heard that Yi Song had been killed, they immediately expressed their willingness to obey Xiang Yu's command and appointed Xiang Yu as the acting general.
Once in power, the order will be settled. Xiang Yu served as the commander-in-chief of Zhao Dajun, ordered the soldiers to bring enough food for three days each, and then ordered to smash all the cooking pots used for marching. The soldiers were shocked. Xiang Yu said, "No need for a pot. We can go into battle lightly and save Zhao immediately. He is in danger! As for eating, let's go to Zhang Han military camp and take a pot to cook! " When the army crossed the zhāng River, Xiang Yu ordered the soldiers to sink all the ferries and burn all the marching tents. The soldiers saw that their retreat was gone, and no one could live without winning the battle.
Xiang Yu's Chu army quickly surrounded Wang Li's army and launched nine fierce battles with Qin Jun. The Chu army crossing the river took one as ten, and ten as a hundred. They were all tigers in the mountains and fought bravely. On the battlefield, smoke covered the sky and the sound of ShaSheng was deafening. The soldiers of the Chu army fought harder and harder, and the earth shook and the blood became a river. After many confrontations, the Chu army finally defeated Qin Jun, killed the Qin general Su Jiao and captured Wang Li. The parties concerned were beaten to death and set themselves on fire (fén). Zhang Han hurried back with beaten army. When the reinforcements sent by the old nobles saw Xiang Yu's victory, they both admired and feared. From then on, Xiang Yu became a general, and all the vassal armies were under his command.
Zhang Han led the beaten army to retreat for dozens of miles, and sent people to Xianyang for help. However, Zhao Gao was busy seizing the throne and no reinforcements were sent. In desperation, Zhang Han led the rest of the Qin soldiers to surrender to Xiang Yu.
In the fierce battle of Julu, Xiang Yu's Chu army defeated Qin Jun's main force, and the powerful Qin Dynasty was unable to resist the attack of peasant rebels. Soon, Liu Bang's team invaded Xianyang and overthrew the rule of the Qin Dynasty. Xiang Yu immediately went west, but he competed with Liu Bang for the world.
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