What are the common diseases and prevention methods of plum blossom?

Plum blossom is one of the top ten famous flowers in China. Plum blossom, orchid, bamboo and chrysanthemum are listed as the four great gentlemen. Plum blossoms, pine trees and bamboo are also called "three friends in cold years". In the traditional culture of China, Mei inspires people to make up their minds with her noble, strong and modest personality. Just keep plum blossoms at home. Plum blossom has been a positive implication since ancient times, and the ancients often compared themselves with plum blossom.

In terms of smell, the smell of plum blossoms is not confusing or unpleasant, and it is not toxic, and it will not affect human health at home. However, when cultivating plum blossoms, some pests and diseases will hinder the growth of plum blossoms and affect their appreciation value. Today, Bian Xiao will give you a detailed introduction to these common diseases and insect pests of plum blossom, with detailed prevention and control methods.

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leaf roll

Leaf curl is a pathological pest. Under the condition of water stress, the leaves of Prunus mume planted underground or potted plants turn inward to the middle, and all Prunus mume plants will wither and wither, and in severe cases, many leaves will fall off.

In the final analysis: on the one hand, due to the low rainfall in high temperature weather, the soil layer is dry and sunny; On the other hand, plum tree itself is a fine root whisker, and its ability to digest, absorb and transport water is weak. In addition, the leaves of Prunus mume are thin, at this time, the water of Prunus mume plants volatilizes quickly, and the water is insufficient as a whole, which may lead to the curling of their leaves, especially the "green sepal plum" variety.

The situation of leaf rolling began in June, and the rainy days eased and the leaves were quite flat. When everything goes well and the water supply is sufficient, the leaves are spread too late, so it is not easy to have many dead leaves and it is not easy to endanger the division of flower buds.

Prevention mode

Leaf curl is a very structural and physiological feature of plum blossom itself, which is the result of the comprehensive action of bad weather factors. Therefore, management methods should be improved to make its roots grow well and its branches grow vigorously, so as to improve its ability of absorbing moisture and receiving water.

After entering the high dry season, root watering, foliar watering and natural environment watering should be promoted according to the humidification and cooling situation to create a relatively cool natural environment;

Plum blossom, a potted plant, is a kind of shallow pot plum heap, especially for the variety "Green Sepal Plum", it can be shaded with shed, and the shading brightness can be controlled between 30% and 40% to keep its rolled leaves from falling off due to excessive drying.

Jaundice

Yellowing is an iron-deficiency physiological disease of alkaline soil type. The dark plum planted or potted in the north of Huaihe River, because the soil layer or nutrient soil is alkaline, or because of long-term irrigation with alkaline tap water, makes the roots and stems of dark plum stay in alkaline natural environment for a long time, which makes the roots of nutrient components shrink, and then causes the leaves to turn green and yellow.

Alkaline yellowing shows that the leaves of newly picked branches are small, and the green between petioles is yellow and white, which is not very standard, but the petioles are still emerald green, and the yellow leaves at the lower end generally do not turn yellow.

Prevention mode

The pH value of potted plant culture soil or ground plantation soil should be adjusted below 6.5; When watering flowers with drinking water, it should be left for 3-5 days and a small amount of aluminum sulfate particles should be added;

Applying alum liquid fertilizer once a month in the growing season can prevent the occurrence of yellowing disease; After the leaves are severely yellowed, root irrigation with 0.3% ferrous sulfate solution and leaf spraying with 0.2% liquid medicine once a month can promote bud chlorosis. A small number of potted plants can also be watered with 1% vinegar solution or 0.5% sodium citrate solution.

anthrax

Injured leaves * began to cause dark brown black spots, and then expanded into round and oval lesions below 1 cm. Most of the marginal leaves are semi-circular or irregular, with dark red to gray, light brown and dark purple edges, and gray-black white spots on them, which are circularly engraved. "cinnabar type" plum blossom is susceptible, and "green calyx type" is resistant to disease.

Prevention mode

Eliminate the harm of dead branches and leaves; From the middle and late April, spraying 500 times of 50% zineb wettable powder, 500 times of 50% triadimefon wettable powder or 800- 1000 times of 70% thiram and thiophanate-methyl wettable powder alternately for 3-4 times.

hemorrhagic disease

Gummosis is the main pest of branches. The diseased branches and stems turn brown and rot, accompanied by gummosis, and the tree slowly declines, resulting in few and thin branches, poor flower bud differentiation, and even the whole tree dies when the branches are serious.

Gum flow from dry branches usually occurs on branches that have been growing for many years, with lenticels as the management center, and there is fat gum oozing out. At first, it is light yellow, transparent and soft, and slowly condenses into dark brown crystals after air oxidation, and when it is serious, the left and right branches of the affected area wither;

Dry rot glue flow usually occurs on the main pole, which is initially water stain; Later, it will turn brown and rot, and the rotten part will gradually turn brown and sag, and the root will crack and roll back. With the flow of glue, the tree will decline or even wither. Can occur in March-11month, especially in June-September.

Prevention methods:

Improve the management method of fertilizer and water, and immediately remove stagnant water; Avoid the invasion of moths and pests, prevent sunburn and freezing injury; Scrape the gum of the affected area and wipe it with 3-5 degree Pompeii sulfur mixture or 0. 1% mercuric chloride water for disinfection; Or use 50 times of 70% thiophanate-methyl and 50% triadimefon wettable powder to wipe the wound.

Ointment disease

Ointment disease produces annular and oval dark red spots at the root of branches, which look like flat paste and have cracks in the middle and late stages. The ointment-like spots of the branchlets are light gray, circling around the branchlets, separated from the middle and late branchlets, and sheathed with the branchlets in a sheath shape. This disease endangers the normal growth and development of the main stem, weakens the tree shape, and when it is serious, the stem slowly declines and dies. The whole average can occur, especially in summer, and the decaying trees located in wet and cold and closed trunks are prone to disease, and scale insects are the key vectors.

Prevention mode

Natural ventilation and light transmission, rotary tillage drainage pipeline; Kill scale insects and reduce culture medium; Scrape the damaged parts on the dead leaves in late autumn to the leaves in spring, and apply 3-5 degrees Baume stone sulfur mixture; A few potted plants can scrape off diseased spots at the leaf stage. Rub dakening cream.

Coal stain

In sooty blotch, due to the pricking injury of budding insects and scale insects, "honey dew", the essential substance of their metabolism, is easy to cause sooty blotch under the wet standard.

The main performance is that leaves, trunks and branches are covered with a dark layer of coal pollution, which seriously harms the photosynthesis of all normal plants in plum leaves, and may lead to poor growth and development of main stems, so that all normal pregnant buds cannot bloom.

Prevention mode

In spring, if budding insects are damaged, 2000 times of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder should be sprayed immediately. If scale insects are injured, 25% chlorpyrifos wettable powder can be sprayed 2000 times; Spraying the main stem with 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder or 800 times polysulfide suspension every 15 days.

Crown gall disease

Root cancer is caused by the invasion of Streptococcus rhizogenes in the soil layer caused by the wound of seedlings, which mostly occurs in the roots, head and neck, and sometimes on the main stems and branches. Spherical and oblate malignant tumors grow in the injured area, which are milky white or pink at first, soft and hard, dark brown wood, uneven surface and cracks. The growth and development of plum blossom roots are not very good after infection, and some soils grow slowly and the tree shape declines, which is not conducive to flower bud differentiation. In severe cases, the leaves turn yellow and fall off, and even the whole plant dies.

Prevention methods:

When buying asymptomatic plum seedlings from epidemic areas, priority should be given to disinfection and sterilization before planting, and streptomycin sulfate 2000 times 72% can be soaked in agricultural vehicles for 30 minutes. Or use "anti-root cancer bacterial agent" 1 No.3 or 1-2 times to drain water, and dip the roots for 20 minutes before transplanting to prevent the actual effect from being bad;

If you can't bear to give up the big stalk, you can use a sharp knife to remove part of the cancer, and then wipe the wound with aluminum chloride or methyl ice iodine solution (50 parts of ethanol, 25 parts of glacial acetic acid and 5 parts of iodine tablets) for independent maintenance.

Through our introduction, I believe everyone has a deeper understanding of the common diseases and prevention methods of plum blossom.