Which one of Magnolia grandiflora, Magnolia white, and Du Ying is beautiful and expensive?

Magnolia grandiflorum is a large evergreen tree, 20-30m high. The bark is light brown or gray and cracked in thin scales. The branches and buds have rust-colored hairs. The leaves are long oval and alternate; the petiole is 1.5-4cm long, with brown pubescence on the back; the stipules are separated from the petiole and have no stipules; the leaves are leathery, the leaves are oval or obovate-oblong, 10-20cm long and 4 cm wide. -10cm, the apex is blunt or acuminate, the base is wedge-shaped, the upper surface is dark green and shiny, the lower surface is light green, with rust-colored fine hairs, and 8-9 pairs of lateral veins. The flowers are fragrant, white, cup-shaped, 15-20cm in diameter, shaped like a lotus when open; the pedicel is strong and hairy; the perianth is 9-12, obovate, thick and fleshy; there are many stamens, about 2cm long, the filaments are flat, purple, and the anthers are oriented Inside, the septum extends into a short pointed head; the pistils are oval, densely covered with long hairs, the carpel is oval, 1-1.5cm long, and the style is curled. The aggregate fruit is cylindrical, oblong or oval, densely covered with brown or grayish yellow hairs, and has a long beak at the apex of the fruit. The seeds are oval or egg-shaped, with flat sides, about 1.4cm long and 6mm wide. The flowering period is from May to June and the fruiting period is from October.

Edit this paragraph's growth habits

Magnolia grandiflorum prefers light when growing, but is slightly tolerant of shade when young. It likes a warm and humid climate and has certain cold resistance. It is suitable for growing in slightly acidic or neutral soil that is dry, fertile, moist and well-drained. It is prone to yellowing when planted in alkaline soil. Avoid water accumulation and poor drainage. It has strong resistance to smoke and sulfur dioxide gas, and has few pests and diseases. The root system is deep and wide, and it has strong wind resistance. In particular, the sown seedlings have tall and straight trunks, majestic vigor and strong adaptability.

Edit this paragraph Habitat distribution

Magnolia grandiflora is native to South America and is distributed in North America and the Yangtze River Basin and south of mainland China. In the north, it has been found in places such as Beijing and Lanzhou. Cultivation by artificial introduction. It is the city tree of Zhenjiang City, Changzhou City, Nantong City in Jiangsu Province, Hefei City in Anhui Province, and Yuyao City in Zhejiang Province. It is also more common in Shanghai, Nanjing, and Hangzhou in the Yangtze River Basin.

Edit this paragraph about the history of Magnolia grandiflora

Traditional Chinese medicine properties

Character identification: The flower buds are conical, 3.5-7cm long, 1.5-3cm in diameter at the base, Light purple or purple-brown (there are also light yellow varieties, such as the first picture of this entry). The petals have 9-12 pieces, wide and obovate, with thick white matter, and the inner layer is lotus-petal-shaped. There are many stamens, the filaments are wide and long, and the anthers are yellow-brown strips. The carpels are numerous and densely covered with villi. The pedicel is 0.5-2cm long and has obvious nodes. Hard and easy to break. The smell is fragrant and the taste is light.

Chemical composition

The leaves contain parthenolide (partheflolide), peroxycostunolide (peroxycostunolide), peroxyparthenolide (peroxyparthenolide), and Magnolia grandiflorum. Magnograndiolide, costunolide diepoxide, melanpomagnolide A, B, anonine and liriodenine. The xylem contains magnoflorine, candicine, magnolidin, magnolenin, magnosidin, syringin, none Acanthoside B, Acanthoside C, Mono-O-methylhonokiol. The root bark contains magnolialide. The seeds contain magnolol, honokiol (honokio9l), 3,5-diallyl-2-hydroxy-4-methoxybiphenyl (3,5-diallyl-2-hydroxy-4- Methoxybiphenyl (monooxymethyl honokiol), seed oil mainly contains hexadecanoic acid and beta-sitosterol. In addition, Magnolia grandiflora also contains 4,10-dioxo-7-citronen-6-one (cyclocolorenone).

Pharmacological effects

1. Antihypertensive effect The flower buds have a slow antihypertensive effect on anesthetized or unanesthetized cats. Magnolialine contained in the bark of the tree bark has an intravenous injection of 2mg/kg on anesthetized cats. The antihypertensive effect occurs immediately, and the blood pressure is reduced by 50%-60%, lasting for 90-120min. Intravenous injection of 6mg/kg also has obvious antihypertensive effect on dogs with renal hypertension. 2. Muscle relaxation and ganglion blocking effects. Magnolia contained in the bark has curare-like effects and ganglion blocking effects. This effect can be antagonized by anticholinesterase drugs such as ostigmine. 3． Other effects: The phenolic components in this product also have antibacterial and antifungal effects. Magnolol contained in the bark also has anti-ulcer effects, and 5-200 mg/kg has a significant preventive effect on water immersion stress ulcers in rats.

Nature and flavor

Meridian tropism: pungent taste; warm nature

Meridians tropism

Meridian tropism: lung; stomach; liver meridian< /p>

Functions and Indications

Functions and Indications: dispelling wind and cold; promoting qi and relieving pain. Mainly caused by exogenous wind and cold; headache and nasal congestion; epigastric and abdominal distension and pain; vomiting and diarrhea; high blood pressure; migraine.

Usage and Dosage

Oral administration: decoction, 3-10g of flower; 6-12g of bark. External use: appropriate amount, pound and apply.

Edit this section of road greening

Magnolia grandiflora is elegant in appearance, evergreen all year round, and has few pests and diseases. Therefore, it is an excellent street tree species, which can not only provide necessary shade for pedestrians in summer , and can also beautify the street scene very well. However, when planting, you should try to choose larger seedlings, with a dry diameter of 3 to 6 cm and a height of about 2. 8 m. If it is too small, it will be easily damaged; if it is too large, the transplanting survival rate will be low. When greening roads, planting Magnolia grandiflora with colored leaf trees can produce significant color contrast, making the colors of the streetscape more vivid and rich. In the application of green belts, planting Magnolia grandiflorum and red-leaf plum among them, together with osmanthus, pittosporum, etc., not only creates a sense of hierarchy in the space, but also has a great change in hue, breaking the monotony of the sequence space. Produce a harmonious sense of rhythm and achieve very good results. Magnolia grandiflora can be used in gardens, parks, amusement parks, and cemeteries. Large trees can be planted alone in the lawn, or planted on both sides of the passage; small and medium-sized trees can be planted in groups on the flower bed. Dajue Temple, Summer Palace, Biyun Temple and other places in Beijing are all planted among ancient buildings. It is particularly harmonious with Western-style buildings, so it is more suitable for Western-style gardens. Home of seedlings: Nanjing Universiade seedling base

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Magnolia grandiflora

White magnolia, commonly known as "Yingchunhua" and "Wangchunhua" , is the city flower of Shanghai, Dongguan and Chaozhou. The flowers are numerous and large, beautiful and elegant, and their fragrance spreads far and wide. Lianyungang has the largest magnolia flower in the country: There are four white magnolias around Leiyanfu Temple in the east of Nanyuntai Mountain. They are about 16 to 17 meters high. The thick ones are nearly 3 meters and the thin ones are about 1 meter. There are 3 old trees. It is over 800 years old, and the other one is over 200 years old. The four are not far apart, just like a Magnolia King family. During the flowering season, the naturally beautiful flowers fill the branches of the old trees and look like clouds and snow, contrasting with the majestic clouds and mountains, making it even more poetic and picturesque. Since 1985, whenever the Qingming Donglei Magnolia Flower Fair is held, mountain climbers always flock here to get a glimpse of the Magnolia family. Distributed in central and southwestern China, it has been introduced and cultivated all over the world. Usually propagated by sowing and grafting. It likes a warm, sunny, moist and well-drained place, and requires fertile soil without water accumulation. It has strong cold resistance and can survive the winter safely at -20°C. It grows well in places with better environment in Beijing. Transplanting should be carried out more than ten days before germination, or after flowering and before leaf expansion. It usually takes about 5 years for seedlings to bloom. Magnolia Erqiao is also common in the north. Its petals are lavender on the outside and white on the inside.

Edit this paragraph's origin distribution

Magnolia is produced in the mountains and fields of central China and is now commonly cultivated in gardens at home and abroad. It is a famous traditional ornamental flower in my country with a cultivation history of more than 2,500 years. Magnolia is also known as white magnolia, magnolia and spring flower; this flower is one of the precious garden flowers and trees unique to my country. It is native to the Yangtze River Basin and is still found wild in Lushan, Huangshan, Emeishan and other places. Magnolia is native to the provinces in central my country and is now cultivated in Beijing and south of the Yellow River Basin. In ancient times, they were mostly planted in front of pavilions, platforms, buildings and pavilions. Nowadays, it is often seen as solitary or scattered planting in gardens, factories and mines, or as street trees on both sides of the road. In the north, they are also used as potted plants.

Edit morphological characteristics of this paragraph

Deciduous trees. Winter buds are densely covered with light gray-green hairs. Leaves alternate. The flowers open before the leaves, upright, bell-shaped, fragrant, off-white, sometimes with a blush at the base. Aggregate fruit, heart-shaped seeds, black. Magnolia flowers are as white as jade, and the flowers are as fragrant as orchids. The trees are tall and tall, and can be more than 10 meters tall. The crown is oval, and the large leaves are obovate. The apex is short and pointed, the base is wedge-shaped, and the surface is shiny. There are two sparse branches in the city. , twigs and buds are covered with short hairs. Winter buds have large scales. The flowers open before the leaves, terminal and large, 12-15 cm in diameter. The perianth is 9-piece, bell-shaped. The fruit ear is cylindrical and brown: the follicles will crack when mature and become red. It blooms in March and the fruit matures in June-July. The fruiting magnolia tree is the yellow magnolia tree, also known as yellow orchid and yellow Burmese laurel. Like Magnolia, it belongs to the Magnoliaceae family, and belongs to the genus Magnolia. It is native to the Himalayas and southwestern and southern Yunnan in my country. It is cultivated in Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian and other places. There are potted plants in the Yangtze River Basin and areas north of it. Magnolia is an evergreen tree with gray-brown bark. Young leaves and petioles have light yellow flat silky hairs. The flowers are solitary in leaf axils, orange-yellow or light orange-yellow, and extremely fragrant. It is easy to bear fruit, usually 2 to 3 years old grafted seedlings can bear fruit after flowering. Professor Liu introduced that the main varieties of magnolia trees in Guangzhou are mostly white magnolia and less yellow magnolia. The white magnolia is generally seen by the public. Although white magnolia blooms, it does not bear fruit, while yellow magnolia can bear fruit, but it is rare to bear so many fruits. Magnolia is a deciduous tree, up to 25 meters high and up to 200 centimeters in diameter. The crown is narrowly oval when young, and wide oval or loose and wide oval in mature trees. Large trees of solid origin often have an obvious main trunk, a strong tree body, majestic height, strong growth momentum, long nodes and sparse branches, but the number of flowers is slightly sparse.

Grafted inoculations often have the characteristics of multiple trunks or low-branching main trunks, with short nodes and dense branches. The tree body is smaller and smaller, but the flowers are clustered in clusters. From a distance, they are white and flawless, and extremely enchanting. Therefore, magnolias of different origins have different tastes in garden applications. In small or closed gardens, solitary planting or small cluster planting should be grafted to reflect the quaint taste; while in scenic tourist areas, seedlings should be used. To express a rough and simple style. When Magnolia is young, its bark is off-white, smooth and less cracked; when it is old, it becomes dark gray, rough and cracked. Branchlets grayish brown. The terminal buds and pedicels are densely covered with long gray-yellow hairs, as fluffy as young mice hibernating, and the winter state is even more pronounced. The branching habit varies with the age of the tree. When it is young, a single bud extends, so the main trunk is obvious and the crown is regular. After flowering, the mixed buds of leaves and branches extend into double branches or multiple branches behind the ear. The horizontal growth is stronger than the vertical growth, so The crown develops toward a broad oval direction. The leaves are alternate and sometimes spiral-shaped. They are broadly obovate to obovate, 10-18 cm long and 6-12 cm wide. The apex is rounded and wide, truncated or slightly concave, with a short cusp, so it is also called convex. Head magnolia; narrowly wedge-shaped below the middle part, entire margin. Magnolia leaves usually have stipules or appendages at the base. There are two types of stipules. The stipules at the end of the branch are attached to the young stems and separated from the petiole, and are imbricate-shaped; the stipules on the leaves are scattered, tile-shaped, and adhesive. On both sides of the base of the petiole, the buds extend and the leaves grow long, the stipules fall off, and ring-shaped stipule marks remain on the young branches. This is the identification feature of Magnoliaceae tree species.

Edit this paragraph's biological habits

White magnolia loves light, is relatively cold-resistant, and can survive the winter in the open field. It likes high dryness and avoids low humidity. The planting ground is prone to waterlogging and root rot. It likes fertile, well-drained and slightly acidic sandy soil, and can also grow on weakly alkaline soil. In the south where the temperature is higher, it can bloom from December to January of the following year. Magnolia has strong resistance to harmful gases. If this flower is planted in a factory polluted by sulfur dioxide and chlorine, it will have certain resistance and the ability to absorb sulfur. Using sulfur dioxide for artificial smoking, one kilogram of dry leaves can absorb more than 1.6 grams of sulfur. Therefore, magnolia is a good anti-pollution greening tree species in air-polluted areas. It is suitable for growing in slightly acidic or neutral soil with deep soil layers. It is intolerant to salt and alkali. It will grow poorly when the soil is poor and is afraid of waterlogging and moisture. It has strong resistance to toxic gases such as sulfur dioxide, chlorine and hydrogen fluoride. It has a long lifespan, which can reach more than a thousand years. It likes light, tolerates a little shade, and is quite cold-tolerant. It likes fertile, moderately moist and well-drained slightly acidic soil (pH 5~6) but can also grow in alkaline soil (pH 7~8). The roots are fleshy and afraid of flooding. Growth rate is slower.

Edit this section about species

Magnolia is a subtropical tree species that likes light but tolerates a little shade. It is relatively cold-resistant and can survive the winter in the open field in Beijing. Prefers fertile, moist and well-drained soil. Fleshy roots, intolerant of standing water. Flowers bloom first and then leaves. The flowering period is from February to March, and the fruit ripening period is from August to September. The seeds have embryonic dormancy. Magnolia variant should be spring flower (var.purourescens), a tree, the inside of the flower is light red, the surface is purplish red, and it has a fragrance. Similar species include: Tianmu magnolia (M.amoena), with pink or light pink flowers and green branchlets, native to Tianmu Mountain, Zhejiang. Baohua Magnolia (M.zenii) has white upper parts, purple lower parts and veins, and purple branchlets. It is native to Baohua Mountain in Jurong, Jiangsu. M. sieboldii has white flowers with long stalks, obovate leaves, and white powder and pubescence on the back of the leaves.

Edit this paragraph on cultivation management

Magnolia is a flowering tree species with both color and fragrance in early spring. When planting, it is necessary to grasp the timing, not too early or too late, so as to It is most suitable to plant in early spring 10 days before germination or after the flowers fade and before the leaves unfold. When transplanting, regardless of the size of the seedlings, the roots need to be packed with mud, and care should be taken not to damage the root system. To ensure survival. Before planting, sufficient decomposed organic fertilizer should be applied as base fertilizer in the hole. After planting, seal the soil tightly and water it enough in time. Magnolia prefers fertilizer, but avoid heavy fertilizer; generally applying fertilizer twice during the growth period can help flower buds differentiate and promote growth. Once applied in early spring, and again in May-June. Use fully decomposed organic fertilizer as fertilizer. Newly planted saplings do not need to be fertilized. Fertilizer should be applied after the leaves fall or in the following spring. The roots of magnolia are fleshy and cannot tolerate water accumulation. During the flowering period, the soil should be kept slightly moist. After autumn, watering should be reduced to delay the rooting of magnolia and promote the maturity of branches to facilitate overwintering. Watering is generally not done in winter, and only watered once when the soil is too dry. Magnolia branches have poor wound healing ability, so they are generally not pruned. However, in order to maintain a reasonable tree shape, leggy branches, dead branches, diseased branches and branches that hinder the appearance of the tree should still be pruned in the early stages of leaf expansion. In addition, after the flowers fade, if no seeds are left, the remaining flowers and follicles should be cut off to avoid consuming nutrients and affecting the next year's flowering. Magnolia is mostly planted on the ground, and it should be cultivated into a pile landscape when potted.

Magnolia is the flower of the deciduous tree Magnolia of the Magnoliaceae family. It blooms in early spring in March and is used fresh or dried. Magnolia is a valuable ornamental plant. Its flowers are large, pretty in shape, and emit a delicate fragrance when they bloom. Its petals are edible, with thick flesh and a unique fragrance. "Flower Mirror" of the Qing Dynasty said: "The petals can be washed and cleaned. They are excellent for frying with sesame oil, or soaked in honey." Magnolia flowers contain volatile oils , which mainly contains citral, clove oleic acid, etc., and also contains magnolia alkaloids, alkaloids, aspicrin, capric acid, rutin, oleic acid, vitamin A and other ingredients, which have certain medicinal value. Magnolia flowers are pungent and warm in nature and flavor, and have the effects of dispelling wind, dispersing cold, clearing the orifices, clearing the lungs and clearing the nose. It can be used for headaches, blood stasis type dysmenorrhea, nasal congestion, acute and chronic sinusitis, allergic rhinitis and other diseases.

Modern pharmacological research shows that magnolia flowers have inhibitory effects on common skin fungi. The bark, leaves and flowers can be used to extract aromatic extract; the flower buds are used as medicine to treat headaches, sinusitis, etc., and have the effect of lowering blood pressure. The flowers contain volatile oils and small amounts of alkaloids. Purple magnolia not only has large and beautiful flowers, graceful appearance, fragrant smell, high ornamental value, and few pests and diseases, but its flower buds are also called Xinyi, which has always been the main medicine for treating nasal diseases in traditional Chinese medicine. Pick them in the pre-flowering bud stage and place them in a well-ventilated place. Dry in shade and set aside. Li Shizhen affirmed its efficacy in treating rhinitis in "Compendium of Materia Medica". Modern research has proven that the volatile oil contained in Xinyi has a constrictive effect on the blood vessels of the nasal mucosa, and can promote the absorption of secretions, thereby improving the nostril ventilation function. To treat acute and chronic rhinitis and sinusitis, you can take 10 grams each of Xian Yi and Xanthium fructus, wrap it in gauze and fry it, then take the concentrated juice and drip it into your nose, 3 or 4 times a day, the effect is good.

Edit this paragraph for garden use

Magnolia blooms first and leaves later. The flowers are white, beautiful and fragrant. When they bloom in early spring, they look like snow waves and a sea of ??clouds, which is spectacular. In ancient times, it was often placed in the front and back of the hall of a residence. It was called "Magnolia Hall". It can also be planted on the roadside of the garden, in the corner of the lawn, in front of and behind the pavilion, inside and outside the window, on both sides of the door, etc., as a solitary plant, in pairs, or in clusters. Or can be planted in groups. It has strong resistance to toxic gases such as sulfur dioxide and chlorine, and can be cultivated in areas with serious air pollution.

Edit the maintenance points of this paragraph

The flower language of white magnolia: express love, nobility, fragrance, purity, pure love, sincerity. A poet from the Tang Dynasty chanted: "In the morning and evening, I admire the white magnolia with my eyes, and in my old age it is spring time." If a woman admires the magnolia every day and smells the rich fragrance, it will make her old and young at heart, keep the years and stay young forever. Magnolia has the meaning of loyal love. On every happy and auspicious day, people often give magnolia flowers as gifts, which are messengers of love. She has the beauty of Magnolia and the character of Magnolia. Watered with every drop of blood, she will bloom forever, lasting for hundreds of years, and her friendship will be evergreen[1]. Book title: "Thirty-nine White Magnolias for You" Author, Sun Junxian. In 2004, "Mirror" won the Excellent Award for Spiritual Civilization Construction of Xi'an's 4th "Seven Ones" Project. "Thirty-nine White Magnolias for You" is her first collection of prose essays.

Edit this paragraph to test the harvest of magnolia flowers

Du Ying, the bark is dark brown and smooth, the branchlets are reddish brown, the crown is compact, nearly conical, and the branches and leaves are dense. Its leaves are leathery and lanceolate. From autumn to early spring, Du Ying

Some leaves turn crimson, with alternating red and green, bright and pleasing to the eye. It should be planted in clusters, groups or pairs in garden green spaces. It can also be planted on the edge of lawns or used as a background for flowers and trees. Because it has strong resistance to sulfur dioxide, it is also suitable as a greening tree species in factories and mining areas. The single leaves are alternate, with oblong-lanceolate leaves, blunt serrated edges, smooth and hairless surfaces, and pinnate veins; the racemes are light green, axillary, about 5 to 10 cm long, with 5 petals, and the front end is torn. Cleft-shaped, with many stamens; the fruit is oval brown, with sharp ends, and the seeds are very hard. The most obvious feature of Du Ying is the red leaves hanging high on the treetops before the leaves fall, swaying slowly in the wind, like a school of small fish swimming around. It is a plant worth stopping to appreciate when viewing leaves and trees< /p>

Things. The material can be used as general utensils, the seed oil can be used as a lubricant, and the bark can also be used as a dye. It is very suitable as a landscape addition, greening or ornamental tree species for residential gardens. It is a tree species in warm subtropical areas and grows quickly. It likes a warm and humid environment, and mostly grows in low mountain valleys mixed with evergreen broad-leaved trees. It is best grown in well-drained acidic yellow loam and red-yellow loam. It is more tolerant to shade and cold. The root system is well developed, the sprouting edge is strong, and it is more resistant to pruning. Reproduction is mainly by sowing. Generally, the seeds are sown immediately after harvesting, or the seeds can be layered with wet sand until sown in the following spring. During the seedling stage, thin fertilizer can be applied 2-3 times between June and July. After winter, it needs to be covered with grass to prevent cold. In the spring of the second year, the seedlings should be planted separately. Small seedlings need to be transplanted with soil, while large seedlings need to be transplanted with soil balls, and some branches and leaves should be thinned out appropriately. The main pests are verdigris beetles, which should be prevented and controlled. E. chinensis

E. chinensis is a plant of the same genus. The leaves are clustered on the top of branchlets and are narrowly oval or elliptical. The branches and leaves of Du Ying are dense, and some branches and leaves turn crimson from autumn to early spring, with red and green alternately, bright and pleasing to the eye. It should be planted in clusters, groups or pairs in garden green spaces. It can also be planted on the edge of lawns, as a background for flowers, trees and sculptures, or as a mid-level tree species in a sound-proof and noise-proof forest belt. It has strong resistance to sulfur dioxide and is also suitable as a greening tree species in factories and mining areas.

Edit this paragraph morphological characteristics

Du Ying (Figure 2)

The bark is dark brown and smooth, the branchlets are reddish brown, the crown is compact, nearly conical, The branches and leaves are dense. Its leaves are leathery and lanceolate, and some leaves turn crimson from autumn to early spring, with alternating red and green colors, bright and pleasing to the eye. It should be planted in clusters, groups or pairs in garden green spaces. It can also be planted on the edge of lawns or used as a background for flowers and trees. Because it has strong resistance to sulfur dioxide, it is also suitable as a greening tree species in factories and mining areas. Single leaves are alternate, with oblong-lanceolate leaves, blunt serrated edges, smooth and hairless surfaces, and pinnate veins; the racemes are light green, axillary, about 5 to 10 cm long, with 5 petals, and the front end is torn. Cleft-shaped, with many stamens; the fruit is oval brown, with sharp ends, and the seeds are very hard. The most obvious feature of Du Ying is the red leaves hanging high on the treetops before they fall, swaying slowly in the wind, like a school of fish swimming around. It is a plant worth stopping to admire when viewing leaves and trees.

The material can be used as general flower and leaf utensils, the seed oil can be used as lubricant, and the bark can also be used as dye. It is very suitable as a landscape addition, greening or ornamental tree species for residential gardens.

Edit this paragraph for geographical distribution

Produced in southern China, distributed in Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Taiwan, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi and southern Guizhou. It mostly grows in mountain forests below 1000m above sea level.

Edit this paragraph's growth habits

Duying is a subtropical tree species that likes a warm and humid environment. It has a well-developed root system, a solid and straight trunk, and strong wind resistance. It grows very quickly in well-drained acidic loam soil and has little harm from pests and diseases. After being cut down, its roots have a strong ability to germinate and regenerate. After two or three years, it can become a tree again, so it has ecological benefits. Very significant. Duying is mainly propagated by sowing. Its flowering period is from June to August, and its fruiting period is from October to November. The drupe is conical and dark purple. Generally, the seeds are sown immediately after being collected, or the seeds can be layered with wet sand until sown in the following spring. During the seedling stage, thin fertilizer can be applied several times in the summer, and the seedlings can be planted separately in the second spring. Small seedlings should be transplanted with soil, and large seedlings should be transplanted with soil balls, and some branches and leaves should be thinned appropriately. The survival rate after transplantation is extremely high.

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Characteristics: evergreen trees. The trunk is straight and the crown is thick and umbrella-shaped. The leaves are alternate and clustered at the ends of the branches. Axillary racemes, yellow-white. The drupe is oval and purple-black when ripe. The leaves of this species turn red in autumn and are a leaf-changing tree species with ornamental value. In recent years, it has become the main tree species promoted for afforestation to increase the recreational value of the forest in the future. Stem: A large tree with a straight trunk and a large umbrella-shaped crown. The dark green crown is dotted with red leaves. Leaves: Single leaves clustered at the ends of branches, narrowly lanceolate, with lightly serrated edges. Flowers: Racemes, white flowers, drooping, with split petal margins. The flowering period is from May to August. Fruit: The drupe is oval, with a hard and bony endocarp and many reticular grooves on the surface. The fruiting period is from August to December, and the stone fruit turns from green to yellow and black.

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Du Ying (Picture 3)

With the development of urban construction, improving the environment and greening and beautifying have become the goals pursued by people. In urban greening, if you want to choose tree species with high survival rate, low cost and good benefits, you must make full use of excellent native tree species. This is because native tree species have strong stress resistance and soil and water adaptability. In southern Fujian, Duying can be regarded as an excellent greening tree species among native tree species. Duying is an evergreen fast-growing tree species with good material, strong adaptability and few pests and diseases. It is an excellent tree species for garden viewing and surrounding greening. From autumn to early spring, some leaves turn crimson, alternating red and green, bright and pleasing to the eye. In addition, it grows rapidly and is easy to propagate and transplant. It is widely planted as a street tree and landscape tree in the areas south of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

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1. Selection and preparation of the garden site: Duying is a deep-rooted shade-tolerant tree species. It should be selected with short sunshine time, convenient drainage and irrigation, loose fertilizer and moist moisture. The soil is used as a nursery. Carry out deep plowing of the nursery in late autumn and early winter. Apply enough base fertilizer. Apply 2,000 kilograms of decomposed manure per mu, 100 kilograms of cake fertilizer per mu, and 15 kilograms of powdered ferrous sulfate for soil disinfection. After careful soil preparation, the seedbed is 20cm-25cm high and 1.2m wide. 2. Sowing technology: Sowing time is from February to May. Drill sowing is used, with a row spacing of 25 cm, a furrow width of 10-12 cm, a depth of 3 cm, and a seeding rate of 8-10 kg per mu. Sprinkle an appropriate amount of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus when sowing, which is beneficial to root development. The covering soil should be thin, and the seeds should be covered with burnt mud. The thickness should be such that no seeds can be seen. A thin layer of hay can be covered on top to keep the soil loose and moist, which is conducive to seed germination. The emergence period is about 30 days to 40 days. When 70% of the seedlings are unearthed, remove the covering in the evening. On the evening of the next day, spray the seedbed with 0.1% solution of dimethon to prevent the occurrence of diseases. Du Ying

3. Field management in the seedling stage: (1) Fertilization: In the early growth stage of seedlings, apply dilute human feces at a concentration of 3%-5% every half a month. After mid-May, 1% superphosphate or 0.2% urea solution can be applied. (2) Weeding: 50% acetochlor 1200 ml/ha and 12.5% ??grass-covering energy 600 ml/ha can be sprayed alternately for 45 days. (3) Water management: ditch cleaning and drainage work should be done well in the rainy season; irrigation work should be done well in the dry season. (4) Prevention and control of pests and diseases: The main pests are the leaf-eating pests aeruginosa beetles and underground pests grubs and cutworms. When controlling aeruginosa beetles, the peak stage of adults should be grasped. They can be killed by shock, or they can be killed with 800 times of 50% dichlorvos emulsion. To prevent grubs, cutworms and other underground pests from eating, you can use a solution of dichlorvos or methamidophos EC with a mass fraction of 0.125%-0.167%, and use bamboo sticks to insert holes in the bed for watering. (5) Thinning: During the peak growth period (after mid-June), thinning work should be carried out in stages and in batches. Seedling setting work should be carried out in late July, and 30-40 plants/square meter should be retained. The application of nitrogen fertilizer should be stopped half a month before the beginning of autumn. . From mid-September to mid-November, 0.3%-0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution and 0.2% borax solution can be sprayed every 10 days, and sprayed alternately 2-3 times to promote the improvement of the woodiness of the seedlings. change. Generally, seedlings can grow to about 50 cm in one year.

Edit this paragraph Economic uses

1. Dyes: The bark can be used as dyes. 2. The wood is a good section for cultivating shiitake mushrooms.

3. The fruit is edible: The oval-shaped fruit is edible like an olive. 4. Seed oil can also be used as soap and lubricating oil. 5. For landscaping trees: Du Ying has a beautiful tree shape, with lanceolate leaves clustered on the branches and emerald green in color; the old leaves turn to dazzling bright red before falling, rising one after another, so beautiful that Du Ying can be used as a tree. One of the tree species for ornamental red leaves, it is often planted in parks, gardens, and green spaces as landscape trees or street trees. 6. Medicinal uses: Nature and flavor: Root: pungent, warm. Efficacy: Root: dissipates blood stasis and reduces swelling. Treat bruises and blood stasis.

Edit this section on pest control

The main pests are leaf-eating pests, the green chafers, and underground pests, grubs and cutworms. When controlling the green chafers, you should grasp the peak stage of the adults, so that they can be captured and killed. You can also use 50% dichlorvos emulsion 800 times to kill. To prevent and control underground pests such as grubs and cutworms, dichlorvos or methamidophos EC with a mass fraction of 0.125%-0.167% can be used and watered with bamboo sticks inserted into holes in the bed surface. [1]

Edit this paragraph's anti-freezing measures

1. Topdress the leaves (spray borax or potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution) to speed up the progress of lignification of Du Ying seedlings and strengthen Du Ying. The ability of saplings to resist frost damage. The specific usage methods of the two foliar fertilizers: Borax: The concentration of the borax solution is 700-1000 times (that is, one or two borax can be added to three bags of water). When preparing, first dissolve the borax with a small amount of boiling water, then add cold water to dilute and mix thoroughly before use. . Potassium dihydrogen phosphate: The concentration of this solution is 600 times (add 25 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per backpack of water), mix thoroughly before use. The above two types of foliar fertilizers should be applied by spraying on cloudy or sunny days in the evening, and spray enough water. The first spraying time is in early to mid-October. It is required to spray once every 10 days or so, and spray 2-3 times in a row. . When spraying borax or potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, do not blindly increase the concentration to avoid fertilizer damage. 2. Provide good drainage, combine soil cultivation on the bed surface, spread mulch between rows, build windbreak walls to prevent freezing, etc. The method of building a windproof wall is: it is required to build a windproof wall to the west and north of the Duying sapling to prevent cold wind attacks. The windproof wall should be at least 50 cm higher than the Duying sapling. Straw curtains can be used as the material for building the windproof wall. The time to build the windproof wall should be Do it before the cold wave hits. 3. The film is sealed. In case of continuous cold weather, in addition to taking the above-mentioned anti-freeze and heat preservation measures, scaffolding, film covering or piling should be set up, and the film should be tied to the piles to prevent cold wind attacks or serious freezing hazards and ensure the prevention of cold wind attacks or severe freezing hazards. British seedlings survive the winter safely.

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