Formation conditions of thunderstorms

Thunderstorm is a natural weather phenomenon, which often occurs at the turn of spring and summer or in hot summer. When the stratification in the atmosphere is unstable, it is easy to produce strong convection. When the potential difference between clouds and between clouds and the ground reaches a certain level, discharge will occur. Thunderstorm weather is always accompanied by strong cumulonimbus clouds and belongs to a strong convective weather system. It is usually accompanied by heavy rain or hail, and even by snowstorm in winter. In China, there are more thunderstorm days in the south than in the north, and more in the mountains than in the plains. Among them, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan and Hainan are more frequent areas.

Causes of thunderstorm weather

Thunderstorm refers to the phenomenon that 3-5 pieces of lightning discharge at the same time at a very close distance. The two most basic factors that form thunderstorms are moisture and warm air that climbs rapidly. Because humidity and temperature are essential factors for the formation of thunderstorms, when humidity and temperature are high, a large amount of warm and humid air will rise into the atmosphere, thus forming thunderstorms. It must be produced in a strong cumulonimbus cloud, so this area is accompanied by heavy showers or heavy rains, and sometimes hail and tornadoes. Cumulonimbus clouds that form thunderstorms develop vigorously, and there are often ice crystals on the upper part of the clouds. The attachment of ice crystals, the breaking of water droplets and air convection make clouds generate charges. When there is a potential difference between the top and bottom of the cloud, and the potential difference is large enough, discharge will occur, that is, "lightning." In the process of discharge, the temperature in flashover suddenly rises, which makes the air volume expand rapidly, thus producing shock waves and leading to strong lightning. When the clouds are very low, sometimes a discharge between clouds can be formed, which is lightning strike. Therefore, thunderstorm is the product of atmospheric instability, and it is the general name of cumulonimbus clouds and their accompanying disastrous weather.

Thunderstorm weather

Matters needing attention in thunderstorm weather

Thunderstorm weather is common, but its power should not be underestimated, so we should take precautions. And when strong thunderstorm weather occurs, it sometimes brings disasters, such as lightning endangering personal safety, household appliances and computer rooms being directly damaged by lightning or inductive lightning, and even causing fires. Therefore, everyone should understand the precautions of thunderstorm weather and avoid unnecessary injuries.

Matters needing attention

1, in thunderstorm weather, it is best not to go out. If you want to go out, you should pay attention to lightning protection.

2. Close the doors and windows at home in time to prevent the invasion of side lightning and ball lightning. Because most ball mines will enter the room along the doors, windows and chimneys of buildings, they will escape after moving indoors for a few seconds, which will cause an explosion. Lightning protection experts believe that the movement of ball mines is related to the direction of air movement, so close doors and windows to block the way of air movement, thus effectively preventing ball mines from entering the room.

3. When there is lightning, thunder and rain, the TV, tape recorder, stereo, air conditioner and other electrical appliances in the room should be turned off immediately to avoid danger caused by conduction. In addition, when it thunders, don't lean against posts, walls, doors and windows, and don't stand directly under the electric light, so as to avoid accidents caused by induced electricity when it thunders.

4. When it thunders and rains, it is forbidden to stay at the top of the mountain or in hilly areas. Don't hide under big trees or near telephone poles, and don't walk or stand in open fields. You should hide in a low-lying place as soon as possible, or try to find a dry cave to escape.

5. Don't use an umbrella with a metal handle in thunderstorm weather. Take off metal glasses, watches and belts in time. If you want to leave your bike as soon as possible, stay away from other metal objects to avoid being struck by lightning.

6. Don't swim or engage in other water sports. Not suitable for outdoor ball games, mountaineering, horseback riding and other sports, leaving open spaces such as water.

7. When you hear thunder within a few seconds after seeing lightning outdoors, it means that you are in a dangerous environment near a thunderstorm. At this time, you should stop walking, put your feet together and squat down immediately. Don't get involved with people. It is best to use plastic rain gear and raincoat.

8. If you see a high-voltage line that is broken by lightning outdoors, you should be vigilant at this time, because there is a step voltage near the breakpoint of the high-voltage line. People nearby must not run at this time, but should jump off the scene with their feet together.