What are the hazards of lightning weather?

Abstract: Lightning is a natural weather phenomenon accompanied by lightning and thunder. It is generally formed in cumulonimbus clouds with strong convection, so it is often accompanied by strong gusts and heavy rains. Although lightning weather is common, its harm can not be ignored. So, what are the hazards of lightning weather? What should we do in case of lightning? Basic characteristics of lightning weather

1, regularity

Although lightning has a small range and a short duration, its violent weather change law is reflected in the ground monitoring station. Especially when the core of thunderstorm cloud passes through the monitoring station, the air pressure rises sharply, the wind direction changes sharply, and the gust begins immediately, and the wind speed can often reach more than 30 meters per second. As soon as the gust appears, the ground temperature suddenly drops, and the cooling range will reach 10℃ within 20-30 minutes; Then there was a downpour, lightning and thunder.

2. Exercise

During the whole process from generation to disappearance, lightning keeps moving. Natural geographical conditions such as rivers and mountains also have great influence on the movement of lightning. In rivers and lakes, due to the thermal effect, there is often downward flow during the day, and thunderstorms will weaken or even disappear when they move here; At night, on the contrary, thunderstorms will intensify as they pass. When thunderstorms move near the mountains, they often move along the mountains because they are blocked. Sometimes they turn around in the mountains, turn to places with mountain passes, and move outward from the mountain passes.

3. Multiple factors

The distribution of lightning is related to latitude, topography, surface properties and other factors. China has more south than north; There are more mountains than plains; There are more inland areas than coastal areas In a year, it increases with the increase of temperature and humidity, and decreases with the decrease of temperature and humidity. As for those areas with high temperature and humidity all the year round, the seasonal variation of lightning is small. In China, the frequency of lightning is the highest in summer, followed by spring and autumn; There is almost no lightning in winter except in a few areas in South China.

What are the hazards of lightning weather?

1, fire and explosion

High temperature arc, secondary discharge, huge lightning current and ball lightning intrusion of direct lightning discharge can directly cause fire and explosion; Impulse voltage will indirectly cause fire and explosion if it breaks through the insulation of electrical equipment.

2, get an electric shock

The contact voltage and step voltage generated by direct discharge, secondary discharge, spherical lightning and lightning current of cumulus can directly shock people; The insulation of electrical equipment damaged by lightning strike can also make people get an electric shock.

3. Damage to equipment and facilities

The high voltage and high current generated by lightning stroke, accompanied by vaporization force, electrostatic force and electromagnetic force, can destroy important electrical devices, buildings and other facilities.

4, large-scale power outage

Power equipment or power lines damaged by lightning strike may lead to a large-scale power outage.

What should I do in lightning weather?

1. If you happen to be at home when there is strong lightning, it is recommended not to venture out. Don't use radios and televisions with external antennas, and don't answer the phone.

2, such as in the wild, should immediately find shelter, with lightning rod, steel frame or steel plate concrete buildings as lightning protection places.

3. During the lightning, it is best not to ride bicycles or motorcycles; Don't carry metal objects in the open air; Do not go near any part of lightning protection equipment.

4. When there is lightning weather and there is no shelter, don't go near the open area, and don't go near the lonely tree on the top of the mountain. This is the place that is most vulnerable to lightning. Don't stay in open waters and boats; Try to avoid tall trees and forest edges, around wires and flagpoles, and near high objects without lightning protection equipment, such as haystacks and tents. Don't get close to huge metal objects such as railway tracks and long metal railings, and don't stay at the top of the mountain and commanding heights.

5. If you can't find a suitable lightning protection place, try to lower the center of gravity and reduce the contact area between the human body and the ground. You can squat down, put your feet together, put your hands on your knees, lean forward, and never lie on the ground, trenches or pits. If you can wear a raincoat, the lightning protection effect will be better. People in the wild, whether moving or static, should be separated by a few meters, not crowded together, or they can hide in bigger caves.