Introduction of Pengchang Cross-sea Bridge?

Pengchang sea-crossing bridge, namely Penglai-Changdao sea-crossing bridge in Shandong Province, uses the favorable terrain of Bohai Strait in China to build a short-cut passage across the sea, namely the "Nanqiao North Tunnel" highway and railway line between Penglai-Changdao-Lushun, and changes from a "C-shaped" detour to an "I-shaped" direct passage. Using this shortcut across the sea can shorten the distance between Liaodong Peninsula and Shandong Peninsula. Penglai-Changdao Bridge is the first phase of the Bohai Strait cross-sea passage, which has important economic, military, political and scientific significance. The south of Changdao County is 7 kilometers away from Penglai City, with shallow water and good geological conditions, which is easy to bridge. It is planned to build a sea road railway bridge between Long Island and Penglai, with a length of about 8 kilometers, four lanes in both directions and a height of 28 meters. The construction cost is about 654.38+500 million yuan.

Project background and construction necessity

General situation of Changdao county

1, physical geography and traffic conditions

Long Island, known as miaodao islands in the calendar, also known as Changshan Islands, is located between Jiaodong and Liaodong Peninsula, where the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea meet, and is the only island county in Shandong Province. The county consists of 32 islands, including 10 resident islands and 8 townships, with a total land area of 56 square kilometers, a sea area of 8,700 square kilometers, a coastline of 146 kilometers and a population of 50,000. The county seat is located in Nanchangshan Island.

Changdao County is a typical island county with many islands. In recent years, the infrastructure construction of Long Island has made great progress, and 1 1 land transportation terminals and 1 dedicated tourist terminals have been built on1inhabited islands in the county, thus realizing island-to-island ferry service for inhabited islands. At present, there are passenger ships (including ro-ro ships, ordinary ships and high-speed ships) 17. The power supply on the island is mainly solved by submarine cables. At present, there are 1 10KV and 35kV transmission and distribution systems, but the problem of high operation and maintenance cost is more prominent. Island water supply mainly depends on groundwater and seawater desalination.

2. Economic development

Since 2002, the county party committee and government of Changdao have emancipated their minds, kept pace with the times, achieved the grand goal of "three years of great development and great transformation, and put forward the development idea of" three transformations and two great transformations ",striving to achieve the goal of doubling fishery, industry and tourism in three years and realizing the great transformation of urban construction and greening and beautification. In 2004, the county's GDP reached 654.38+0.7 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 23%; The total income of rural economy reached 1.4 1 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 20.5%; The local fiscal revenue was 28.85 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 33%; The investment in fixed assets of the whole society was 540 million yuan, up 34.1%year-on-year; The total retail sales of social consumer goods reached 490 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of14.4%; The total export volume reached US$ 23.74 million, a year-on-year increase of 55.2%; The per capita net income of fishing villages was 4,969 yuan, up 15.5% year-on-year.

The origin of the project and the necessity of construction

"Pengchang Bridge Construction Project" has been put forward for nearly 10 years. 1993 the Yantai municipal government office led the establishment of a research group on the Bohai Strait cross-sea passage, and the research results were approved by Vice Premier Zou Jiahua for further study by the State Planning Commission, the Ministry of Railways and the Shandong Provincial Government. For this reason, the State Council established a research group "Study on the Bohai Strait Cross-sea Passage", and the project was demonstrated in detail by eight departments. In the process of demonstration, the two research groups focused on Pengchang Bridge, and both listed Pengchang Bridge as an important part of the Bohai Strait cross-sea passage and a key project that started ahead of schedule. In addition, the construction of Pengchang Bridge will play a very important role in solving the constraints of island traffic and promoting the development of island economy.

1. The construction of Pengchang Bridge is to fundamentally improve the backward situation of island traffic and meet the needs of long-term development of economy and people's lives. The external transportation of Changdao County is mainly by sea, which is inconvenient, limited in transportation capacity, long in waiting time and transition time, high in cost and greatly affected by climate. With the continuous development of economy, the traffic volume entering and leaving the island will inevitably increase greatly. If the ferry is not changed to a bridge, it will inevitably form a "traffic bottleneck" in the process of economic development in our county. For example, the completion of Pengchang Cross-sea Bridge not only makes our county have the advantages of land county and urban area, but also gives full play to the unique advantages of Long Island itself, thus creating conditions for the industrial revolution of Long Island.

2. The construction of Pengchang Bridge is the need to develop tourism resources and accelerate the development of tourism. Changdao county is a national key scenic spot, but for a long time, due to the inconvenient transportation in and out of the island, a large number of tourists can only look at the island and sigh. If Pengchang Bridge is completed, Changdao County, Penglai, Weihai and the whole Jiaodong tourist area will form a large tourism sector, and the number of tourists entering the island will greatly increase. At the same time, after the completion of the bridge, it is a very attractive landscape in itself, which will inevitably lead to the rise of the real estate industry in our county, and the land price will inevitably appreciate substantially, which will promote the overall revitalization of the island economy and truly become the "pearl of the sea" in Shandong.

3. The combination of Pengchang Cross-sea Bridge with water, electricity and gas cross-sea projects will further improve the supporting level of infrastructure on the island. After the completion of Pengchang Bridge, the problems of water, electricity and gas use on the island can be effectively solved. At the same time, we can use the geographical advantages of the island to build a 6.5438+10,000-ton deep-water wharf, which will greatly promote the development of maritime traffic in our county and surrounding areas.

4. The construction of Pengchang Bridge will effectively improve the military defense capability of Long Island Fortress. The Long Island Fortress is an outpost guarding Haikou and defending Beijing and Tianjin. It has always been a battleground for military strategists. If Pengchang Bridge is completed, it can connect the Long Island Fortress with the land, effectively close the Bohai Sea and defend Beijing and Tianjin. At the same time, the completion of the national Lv Peng cross-sea passage project in the future will string the islands and islands on the sea into a line, forming an overall defense line for mobile support, and making the Long Island fortress a real "steel gate".

Penglai-Changdao Bridge, as the first phase of the Bohai Strait cross-sea passage, has important economic, military, political and scientific significance. After years of argumentation, it has already met the conditions for construction. The bridge is located between Penglai City, a national scenic spot, and Changdao County, a national island forest park, with a straight distance of 7 kilometers across the sea. Shallow sea area, good geological conditions, more available terrain and less investment. The Changdao county government intends to adopt preferential policies to attract foreign investment by means of BOT, joint venture, cooperative land and tourist attractions, and give reasonable economic compensation. After the project is completed and put into production, the national economic development of Long Island will show a geometric growth rate; At the same time, the national economic structure will also undergo major changes, and a new national economic development system with service industry as the main pillar will be rapidly formed, and the comprehensive strength of the national economy in Long Island will be greatly enhanced.

Natural conditions of construction sites

1. Landform The main features of Long Island are exposed hills and coastal landforms, and hills and mountains are mostly consistent with the stratigraphic trend (especially the south and north Changshan Islands). The island and land are undulating and the bedrock is exposed. The highest island is 202.8 meters above sea level, and the lowest island is only 17.0 meters ... Quartz rocks are weathered into ridges, slate is weathered into valleys, and offshore micro-landforms are extremely developed.

Most of the islands are Pingdingshan and semi-cracked mountains, and the slope of the mountain is generally 10 ~ 40. Except South Changshan, North Changshan, Daheishan, Georgi, Daqin and Beihuangcheng islands, they are all mountainous valleys and some small flat lands, and most of the islands are isolated hills (hills) with exposed sea surfaces.

The coast of most islands is bedrock coast. Among them, the bedrock coast of Nanlongcheng, Daqin, Gaoshan, Houji, Cheyou and Daheishan Island accounts for more than 50% of its total length, mostly cliffs and beaches. Due to the different nature and occurrence of bedrock, various marine erosion rocks, marine erosion rocks and strange reef rocks are formed, and there are sand mouths at the southern end of Nanchangshan, Qin Xiao, Mantis, Xiaoheishan and Langdang Island. Between Daheishan Island and Nanluanzi Island, between Miaodao and Yangluanzi Island and Niuluanzi Island, and between South and North Changshan Island, there are sandbars connected by islands. In the harbors of islands such as Dazhushan, Nanhuangcheng and Xiaoheishan, sand dikes are piled up to form a modern lagoon.

Where there are islands in time, there are many gravel beaches, which are parallel to the coastline and distributed step by step. Because of the different mouth direction, bank slope and tidal current of each harbor, the natural separation degree and roundness of gravel are quite different.

2. Geologically, the island of Changdao County is adjacent to Liaodong Uplift in the north, Jiaodong Uplift in the south, located at the junction of Jiaoliao Uplift and Bohai Depression in the west. The exposed stratum is the Upper Proterozoic "Penglai Group", and the exposed lithology is mostly quartzite, phyllite, slate and quartzite in muddy stratum, with strong surface weathering. The island-land structure is simple, the strata are mostly monoclinic, the fault scale is small and the magmatic activity is weak.

In addition to the long-term uplift of the basement, the island is mainly controlled by the northeast Yishu fault zone and the northwest Weihai-Penglai fault zone, which is a long-term inherited active fault. There were also obvious activities during the neotectonic movement, and it is speculated that these islands are the rising parts of the fault block. The direction of the tectonic line on the island land is consistent with the region, but it is not developed and the scale is small.

From 495 to 1995, an earthquake of magnitude 5 or above occurred on Long Island 1 1 times, and the urban construction earthquake intensity was 7 degrees.

3. Meteorology Changdao County has a continental climate in the East Asian monsoon region, with a continental degree of 53.2%. Affected by the alternation of cold and warm air and the adjustment of seawater temperature, the four seasons are characterized by strong wind in spring, late recovery, rainy summer, cool climate, slow drying and cooling in autumn and frequent cold waves in winter.

(1) Temperature County-wide annual average temperature 12. 1℃, highest year 13.2℃( 1994), lowest year10.7℃ (1994). The extreme maximum temperature is 36.5℃ (1July 30th, 959 ~ 3 1), and the extreme minimum temperature is-13.3℃ (197065438+1October 4th). The lowest average temperature in 10 is-1.6℃, and the highest average temperature in August is 24.5℃. The annual variation range is 26.65438 0℃.

② Precipitation: The average annual precipitation in the county over the years is 537.1mm. Among them, spring accounts for 14%, summer accounts for 59%, autumn accounts for 22% and winter accounts for 5%. The maximum annual precipitation is 88 1.4mm( 1973) and the minimum annual precipitation is 204.7mm( 1986). The precipitation in the county is decreasing from south to north, and the annual difference is more than100 mm.

(3) Humidity The average annual relative humidity in the county over the years is 67%, with the highest in July and August, accounting for 85%; 65438+February is the smallest, accounting for 60%. The annual average absolute humidity is 1 1.6 mbar, and the highest in August is 25.6 mbar. 65438+ 10 month minimum 3.4 mbar.

④ The total sunshine hours in the whole year averaged 26 12 hours, and the annual sunshine rate was 59.6%. In a year, the sunshine hours in May are the most, 269.7 hours, and the sunshine hours in 65438+February are the least, 15 1. 1 hour.

⑤ The county wind direction is marked by monsoon, with southerly winds for more than half a year in summer and northerly winds for more than half a year in winter. Due to the air duct, the average windy day is 67.8 days. The number of windy days in the whole year is the most in winter and the least in summer, with the maximum wind speed of 40m/s( 1985).

4. Sea conditions

① The tides in Long Island waters belong to a regular semidiurnal tide, whose law is that the tide rises and ebbs day and night, commonly known as "four tides". The tide is high in the north and low in the south. The average high tide level in August is 2 12cm in Jiyun Island and 143cm in Nanchangshan Island.

(2) Tidal current The tidal current in the waters of Long Island, the main waterways are mostly east-west, the bays are mostly backwater, the northern waterways are westward, and the southern waterways are eastward. In summer, the current in the southern sea area is generally between 0.6 ~1.03m/s, and the minimum current in Daheishan Island is 0.6m/s; Generally, the northern sea area is around 1.2m/s, and the velocity of the Gulf Stream is even smaller.

(3) The wave pattern of Changdao surge area is mainly "wind and waves". The waves are northerly in autumn and winter, and southerly in summer. The wave height changes in four seasons as follows: monthly wave height in winter (10 ~ 10) is 1. 1m, spring (February-April) is 0.5m years, and summer (May-July)

④ Raise the surface temperature of water.

The annual average sea surface temperature in Long Island waters is 1 1.5℃, and the highest monthly average temperature in August is 22. 1℃. The lowest temperature in February is 2.5℃, the extreme highest temperature is 27.3℃ (1 August 28th, 963), and the extreme lowest temperature is-1.2℃ (1February 28th, 969,1).

⑤ Seawater transparency

The seawater transparency in Long Island waters is generally between 3.7~9.5m in the northern waters and between 1.7 ~ 3m in the southern waters. Generally, the transparency is small in winter and large in summer.

Project investment estimation and main construction contents

Total project investment: total project investment1200 million yuan.

The main construction content of the project is the construction of Penglai-Changdao cross-sea bridge, with a total length of about 8 kilometers and a width of 6 lanes.

Economic benefit analysis of the project

I. Evaluation basis

1, Method and Parameters for Economic Evaluation of Construction Projects issued by the State Planning Commission and the Ministry of Construction;

2. Current relevant tax and fee system;

3. Relevant information of similar construction units.

Second, the calculation of economic benefits

1, bridge engineering cost:

The linear distance from Penglai to Long Island is close to 7 kilometers, and the sea water is shallow. Changshanwei 1-2km water depth is 2-3m, Penglai Dengzhou Angle is 2-3km water depth is 4-5m, and the middle 2km water depth 12-25m. The water is not deep and the geological conditions are good. The construction of a two-way four-lane cross-sea bridge is estimated to cost about 654.38+0.5 billion yuan.

2. Income measurement

After the project is completed and put into production, the direct income and indirect income are very significant. The direct income mainly comes from the operating income of the project itself, including the income of vehicles crossing the bridge, the income of people crossing the bridge, the income of power supply and water supply and the income of renting communication lines. Indirect income mainly includes tourism income and land value-added income.

① Income of vehicles and people crossing the bridge (direct income). In 2005, the income of the ferry company from Long Island to Penglai was 30 million yuan, and the ticket/kloc was-0/50 thousand yuan, which added up to 45 million yuan. Because the traffic on Long Island is greatly affected by the weather, the vehicles of travel agencies basically don't enter the island every year. After arriving in Long Island, they rented a car from Long Island Travel Agency. If the bridge is successfully erected, the travel agency's vehicles will enter the island. It is estimated that the bridge will be successfully erected, and the annual toll for crossing the bridge will be more than RMB 1 100 million.

(2) The rental income (direct income) of power supply, water supply and communication lines is calculated at an average annual rate of 3 million yuan, and all of them are included in the scope management of project debt repayment funds.

(3) Tourism income (indirect income). First, the ticket revenue of tourist attractions. The tourist landscapes of Long Island and Penglai have their own characteristics and complement each other. Penglai Pavilion is dominated by human and historical landscape, while Long Island is dominated by island natural landscape. At present, Penglai Pavilion receives more than 6.5438+0 million tourists every year. Due to the inconvenient transportation, most tourists cannot enter the island. After the completion of the bridge, 80% tourists will visit the island every year. Second, the income from catering, accommodation, shopping, etc., calculated by increasing 500,000 tourists every year, will increase the net income by 50 million yuan every year.

(4) Land value-added income. Due to the inconvenient transportation, the average price of land in Long Island is about 300,000 per mu. After the completion of the bridge, the land on the island will be more expensive than the land price in Penglai mainland. At present, there are more than 4,000 mu of idle land in the north and south of Changshan Island, with an appreciation of 2 billion yuan at a rate of 500,000 yuan per mu. In addition, the urban areas and villages that have been preliminarily developed cover an area of about 3,000 mu, with an increase of 2 1 100 million yuan calculated on the basis of an increase of 700,000 yuan per mu. The above two items add up to 4 1 billion yuan.

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