Is the golden nanmu furniture good? How do you tell the truth from the fact?

Jin Sinan mainly comes from nanmu of nanmu genus, and the color of Jin Sinan is generally yellow with light green, but there are exceptions, some are yellow, red and brown. There are obviously more crystals in Jin Sinan wood than ordinary nanmu. The surface of wood shines in the sun, and gold thread emerges, which has a noble and elegant atmosphere.

According to the "Natural History", people with gold thread leave the stream, and the wood grain has gold thread. Nanmu is the most beautiful, facing the sun or forming a landscape. Wood is hard and antiseptic. Since ancient times, there has been a saying that "water can't be soaked and ants can't drill". It is mainly distributed in humid valleys, valleys and rivers in subtropical areas at an altitude of 1000 ~ 1500m, such as guanxian, Ya 'an, Leshan and Yibin in Sichuan. Growth is slow, and its growth law makes it late (the golden stage of vigorous growth takes hundreds of years, and it takes at least 200 years to become a pillar. ?

Jin Sinan in a broad sense refers to Nanmu, that is, Jin Sinan. According to the traditional view in the industry, Phoebe bournei refers to Phoebe bournei, which is mainly produced in Sichuan. It is a precious wood unique to China and a national protected tree species. All the royal materials of Ming and Qing dynasties are collected in Sichuan. Jin Sinan is known as the "national wood" of China, also known as "imperial wood" and "imperial wood".

Jin Sinan is known as Imperial Wood, Beautiful Jade in Wood and Gentleman in Wood. It is also a precious wood unique to China. Most people only hear the sound, but not the wood. It has been a royal monopoly since ancient times. Historically, nanmu was specially used for the buildings and furniture of royal palaces and a few temples. The throne of the imperial emperor's dragon chair should be made of high-quality nanmu. If someone uses it without authorization, he will be convicted of exceeding etiquette. In the Ming dynasty, civilians could become officials by offering a golden nanmu. Its historical position is even higher than that of Huang Huali and rosewood.

Why nanmu approximation is highly respected? It is known as "Imperial Wood", "Gentleman in Wood" and "Jade in Wood". The reason for this is the following：

0 1.se

On the surface, its wood color is like gold, and its texture patterns are varied. Some of them are "covered with grapes" and can be twisted by hand. Some are like "Rizhao Jiang Sha", glittering; Another example is "Xiangyun is everywhere", and the Buddha Sea will be ... beautiful;

02. Xiang Yan

Elegant fragrance, graceful and fresh, refreshing, called righteousness. It is evil to have this baby in the room.

03. Touch

Soft and delicate, moist as jade, quiet and innocent, quiet and low-key, without the coldness and hardness of hardwood. It is not hot in summer and not cold in winter;

sound

Knock on its sound, positive, elegant, clear, full and far. These five voices all smell like gentlemen.

quality

Corrosion-resistant, buried in the soil, not rot for thousands of years. Xie Zaihang's Five Miscellanies in the late Ming Dynasty mentioned that Nanmu was born in Chu and Shu, and its age was unknown in a poor valley in a deep mountain, and it was half buried in sand, which is called sand board. There is a texture in the good board solution, which is as hard as stone. Those who taste it, take the moon as a box, and hold raw meat several times, with the same color; No deformation, warping, because the texture is smooth and not easy to deform, it not only expands and shrinks, but also has good nail holding power in hardness;

benefit

As early as the Song Dynasty, it was recorded in Zheng Ben Cao: Nanmu's efficacy can repel mosquitoes and treat cholera and otitis media. Clear the heart and nourish the spirit, prolong life;

Jin Sinan-Oriental Shenmu?

Sichuan not only has the giant panda, a national treasure unique to China, but also grows Nanmu, a tree species unique to China. And a part of nanmu Zhennan will be transformed into precious golden nanmu after a long period of accumulation. "During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, the value of 1 gram of nanmu was equal to1gram of gold. Even then, it is hard to find. " After the hall of supreme harmony was burned down, it was not until the thirty-eighth year of Kangxi that construction was resumed. It is said that this project was built during the Kangxi period because of an accidental discovery. More than 1000 golden nanmu trees were found in the reeds along the way from Tianjin to the coast in Langlu Lianyuan of Tonghuihe Ministry of Industry, which solved the wood problem.

According to historical records, since the Ming Dynasty, the royal family has set up a special department to set up golden nanmu. Officials can pay tribute to Jin Nanmu as a standard for performance evaluation and promotion, and civilians can become officials by paying tribute to a Jin Nanmu. Nanmu and similar Nanmu, which built the Forbidden City, mostly came from Sichuan, with long roads and deep mountains. It costs a lot of money to transport a nanmu to Beijing, which is naturally more expensive than Huang Jingui. People also know that it is expensive. "A Dream of Red Mansions" mentioned that "there is nowhere to buy Qin Keqing nanmu coffin for 1,200 pieces of silver". The wood of Phoebe microphylla is warm and moist, which coincides with the spiritual characteristics of "introverted and peaceful, indifferent and ethereal" in China traditional culture, so it is called the national wood. If the seat is made of lobular nanmu, it won't feel cold in winter, and it is very comfortable to sit and lie down. The throne of the Golden Qi Diao Dragon Chair in the Ancient Golden Temple is also made of high-quality lobular Zhennan;

? Historical position of gold nanmu furniture

Nanmu furniture occupies an important position in China traditional furniture. Nanmu is gentle, not noisy and not dry, which coincides with the spiritual characteristics of "introverted and peaceful, calm and ethereal" in China traditional culture. Nanmu wood has fine structure, elegant and symmetrical color, delicate and beautiful texture, easy processing, strong durability and smooth section, and is a precious wood in China. This kind of wood can't soak in water, and ants can't dig holes. Can be eroded by years and is not easy to deform. It can be said that "the sludge is not stained, but it is tempered and lasts forever." Since entering people's field of vision, nanmu has become an indispensable and important wood in royal architecture with its unique properties of quietness, dryness and durability, and has forged an indissoluble bond with the family of royal nobles, and has been labeled as a noble.

Since the Qing Dynasty, due to the strong national strength, enriching the people and the rulers' pursuit of luxurious life, the production of living and sleeping furniture is also superb. During this period, the demand of the imperial court for nanmu, which is unique to China, remained at a high level. Nanmu was basically monopolized by the royal family in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, used as royal materials, and there was a special department to set up Nanmu, so Nanmu was also called "Imperial Wood". In the Forbidden City, a large number of nanmu trees are still used as building materials or decorations for palaces, such as the Health Zhai in the Forbidden City, Yuqing Palace, Gu Hua Xuan and Jiang Xuexuan. , mostly used as leg covers in palaces, or as partition doors, or as ceiling caissons. The Qing Palace Interior Office also produced a large number of nanmu furniture, which was filled into various palaces and became an important furniture display in the Qing Palace. Some important palaces in the Forbidden City are equipped with nanmu furniture.

Historical Pursuit of "Nanmu Approximation"

1. According to historical records, since the Ming Dynasty, the royal family has set up a special department to set up golden nanmu. Officials can pay tribute to Jin Nanmu as a standard for performance evaluation and promotion, and civilians can become officials by paying tribute to a Jin Nanmu. Nanmu and similar Nanmu, which built the Forbidden City, mostly came from Sichuan, with long roads and deep mountains. It costs a lot of money to transport a nanmu to Beijing, which is naturally more expensive than Huang Jingui. According to historical records, in the past, Jin Sinan furniture was made by the Manufacturing Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, and it was written that the emperor recruited and selected the best craftsmen in China from all over the country, and the design, modification, approval and cutting of patterns should be reported to the emperor for royal approval. The emperor's special throne and bed are generally made of golden nanmu, in order to prolong life. Jin Sinan wooden box cabinets can keep clothes, books, calligraphy and painting away from bugs. Modern experiments have proved that nanmu gold wire is resistant to the corrosion of wood rot fungi and termites, and also resistant to the corrosion of marine wood-eating animals. So the royal bookcases are all made of nanmu gold wire.

The transportation route of nanmu in the Forbidden City

2. People often make a mistake, that is, they are greedy because of love, but what they love soon dies. Golden nanmu can't escape such bad luck. From Qin Shihuang's construction of the resplendent Epang Palace with golden nanmu, to Emperor Kangxi's erection of chengde mountain resort's indifferent capital palace with 48 pillars of golden nanmu, from the throne of the palace to the coffin in the mausoleum, golden nanmu has always been loved by emperors of all ages, so it has been excessively cut. By the early Ming Dynasty, Phoebe bournei was on the verge of extinction. During the Hongwu period, the Daming Law strictly stipulated that the golden nanmu was exclusively used by the royal family, and the unauthorized use by the people was convicted. This rule was used until the Qing Dynasty. However, some people are at the expense of the dead. Xiao Shenyang, a corrupt official in the Qing Dynasty, is one of the most famous. He used gold nanmu in his residence (now Gongwangfu, Beijing) and was sentenced to "ultra vires", which became one of the 20 capital crimes that Jiaqing killed him.

In the middle of Qing Dynasty, Emperor Qianlong was very fond of nanmu furniture. He praised Nanmu as "the beauty of heaven and earth". Many Nanmu and Nanmu-like furniture in the palace were personally reviewed and customized, with exquisite materials and exquisite workmanship, which were recorded in detail in the work files of the Qianlong Dynasty. However, according to records, Nanmu was basically cut off in the four seas at that time, and there was nowhere to find Nanmu in Tian Zi, China. Under the guise of repairing the Ming Tombs, the Qianlong Dynasty removed the golden nanmu from the Ming Tombs to make palace furniture.

Nanmu architecture in history

The Forbidden City in Beijing and the existing excellent ancient buildings are mostly built of nanmu. Such as Wenyuan Pavilion, Leshou Hall, Hall of Supreme Harmony, Changling and other important buildings have nanmu decoration and furniture, which are often used with rosewood. For example, the Ming Tombs were built in the 11th year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (14 13). Lingen Temple, the ancestor of Judy in Ming Dynasty, covers an area of 1956 square meters. The whole hall is supported by 60 Jin Sinan wooden giant columns with a diameter of1.17m and a height of14.30m.. ? There are 28 Jin Sinan wooden pillars in the Hall of Prayer for the New Year, the main hall of the Temple of Heaven. The four pillars in the inner circle symbolize the four seasons, the middle circle 12 symbolizes1February, and the outermost circle 12 symbolizes 12 hours and the stars on Sunday. The main hall of chengde mountain resort-"Lianjingbo City" was built in the Kangxi period of Qing Dynasty, and it is also a famous Nanmu Hall. In addition, the wooden frames of the Long 'en Hall and the affiliated hall of Muling, Daoguang Emperor of Qing Xiling are all nanmu, and 13 18 pieces of Panlong and Youlong with different shapes have exquisite carving skills. The nanmu carving in Muling Temple broke through the painting method of other oil ornaments in Qingling, and the logs were painted with wax, which was magnificent.

Literati's introduction to Phoebe bournei

1. According to the original "Natural History" Volume 15 "Different Trees" records: "Nanmu is produced in Zhang Yu, Huguang and Yungui counties, tens of feet to dozens of yards, and it is very fragrant. There are also several kinds. In today's Neigong Palace Temple, the strong nanmu is chosen as the column beam, which can make all kinds of utensils, exquisite and lovely, which is the length of the tree. "

2. Jin Sinan is called the national wood.

Nanmu is the highest quality of Nanmu, because of its scarce resources and extremely slow growth. Since ancient times, it has been a symbol of royal cultural symbols and is called "Imperial Wood". "Natural History" records that "gold thread flows out of Sichuan, wood grain has gold thread, and nanmu is the most beautiful".

3. Nanmu is light orange yellow and slightly gray in color, with warm, gentle, delicate and accessible wood, elegant and quiet in texture, and some are landscape or tiger pattern. Among them, Jin Sinan is beautiful, shining in the sun, magnificent and breathtaking.

4, the most beautiful nanmu, facing the sun or forming a landscape. Wood is hard and antiseptic. Since ancient times, there has been a saying that "water can't be soaked and ants can't drill". Growth is slow, and its growth law makes it a late bloomer. The golden stage of vigorous growth takes hundreds of years to become the pillar of at least 200 years. Mainly produced in Sichuan, it is a precious wood unique to China and a national protected tree species. The royal materials of Ming and Qing dynasties are collected in Sichuan and Guizhou.

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In order to reduce costs and pursue economic benefits, most merchants use nanmu, Ye Nan, nanmu, osmanthus and other materials, which are different from Sichuan nanmu.

2. Pu Wennan/Huang Xinnan

L Pu Wennan, also known as Huang Xinnan, has medium wood fiber, which is thicker than Zhennan and Osmanthus fragrans and thinner than Ye Nan, and is evenly distributed. The color of wood is khaki or yellow-green, and the wood is loose, with many gold thread textures and good surface gloss, but the fluorescence is weak and the permeability is poor. Produced in China, Yunnan and Southeast Asia, the wood is sour and light after drying. Huang Xinnan's gold thread has a shallow texture and no three-dimensional effect. Because wood is fast, the texture is irregular and chaotic.

Discrimination of Huang Xinnan:

(1) Look at the lines. Its grain is big and wide, generally in the width of a finger, the annual rings are thicker and the grain is more obvious.

(2) smell the smell. The smell of Phoebe bournei is divided into sour, smelly and tasteless.

(3) look at the color. The color of Phoebe bournei is dark yellow and simple.

Fake Jin Sinan: Huang Xinnan Fake Jin Sinan: Huang Xinnan

3. camphor

Yinxiang (also known as Yinxiang) is a broad-leaved tree Yinxiang that grows in the tropical rain forest of Southeast Asia.

Yinxiang has grown for at least 50 years, with slow growth period, high hardness and not easy to wear. At the same time, it also contains extremely heavy oil and iron, which remains unchanged, resistant to acid and alkali, especially moisture and corrosion. The color of its planing board is oxidized to golden yellow through photosynthesis, and the color becomes more and more noble with the passage of time. It is one of the three national treasures of Myanmar (jade, camphor and teak).

First of all, from the appearance, Jin Sinan is more delicate and transparent than Cinnamomum camphora, with obvious metallic texture. Usually, as long as the golden nanmu is polished in place, it will show the effect of golden light flashing. If it is a gloomy golden nanmu, it will have a bronze-like metallic texture after polishing. And if it is a golden camphor tree, no matter how polished, it will be dry and dull without oiling and waxing. In addition, the quality of Jin Sinan is better than camphor tree in terms of refraction and oiliness. Comparatively speaking, camphor tree is rough and dry. ?

There are obvious differences in smell between the two: Phoebe microphylla has a natural fragrance, while Cinnamomum camphora has a slightly spicy and slightly sour taste.

camphor tree

4. Greater Ye Nan

Great Ye Nan, also known as:,, Yi; Phoebe leaves. Born on hillsides, valleys, miscellaneous forests and ditches beside streams. Distributed in Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Hunan, Hubei and other places.

Ye Nan is most easily confused with Jin Sinan. Texture and color are very close, and the density is similar. There is little difference in wood, so it is difficult to distinguish.

Ye Nan's resolution is great:

(1) Look at the stitches. The eye of a needle in Jin Sinan is delicate, while that in Ye Nan is slightly thicker.

(2) smell the aroma. Ye Nan is tasteless or slightly acidic. Gold thread is the fragrance of medicine. If there is, it is exquisite and elegant. The longer the year, the more fragrant it is.

(3) Ye Nan, commonly known as "five-pointed maple wood", has white logs. Most merchants in the market dye Ye Nan golden yellow by dyeing and bleaching.

Ye Nan log color.

After being dyed by Dayenan,

5. Bahua

The pattern is similar to that of Jin Sinan, but the recognition is relatively simple.

6.teak

Some countries in Southeast Asia, such as Myanmar, Indonesia, Laos, Vietnam, Thailand and India. Our country also has some near the Yunnan border. Among them, Thailand and Myanmar are the most famous, and the wood types are mainly imported from Myanmar. Jin Sinan is mainly produced in Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan.

Golden pomelo has thick brown eyes, low density and unclear wood grain, while Jin Sinan has delicate wood, high density and clear wood grain, just like satin.

Most golden pomelos are sour, or a little sour, and some have no taste. Jin Sinan has more flavor. Jin Sinan's old materials will give off a faint fragrance. However, the smell of gloomy Jin Sinan (buried underground or soaked in water) is mostly the smell of flowers, fruits and medicines, which may be caused by the variation when buried underground.

7.Metasequoia glyptostroboides

There is a certain difference in color between this kind of wood and nanmu, which can be seen by naked eyes and can also be distinguished by taste.

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The above is my answer, I hope it can help you welcome the exchange.