Where is Han Yu from?

Han Yu (AD 768-824), a native of Heyang (now Henan), was a writer in the Tang Dynasty. He served in the local government and the imperial court and was demoted many times. The "ancient prose movement" advocated by him created a generation of writing style, which had a great influence on later generations. His prose is thorough in reasoning, magnificent and concise in language, ranking first among the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties. Han Yu's poems are also unique.

childhood

Han Yu's parents died when he was very young. He was raised by his brother Han Hui, who was an official in Beijing. Han Hui is very kind to his younger brother, teaching him to study hard and be a good person.

When Han Yu was ten years old, Han would be implicated by others and demoted to Shaozhou (now Guangdong Province) with his family. It is thousands of miles from the capital Chang 'an to Shaozhou. Along the way, although Han Hui was in a bad mood, he kept telling his brother about the scenery and celebrity stories along the way. Han Yu has a good memory. He took his brother's words to heart.

Shortly after arriving in Shaozhou, Han Hui fell ill and died because of depression and acclimatization. With the help of friends, Sister Zheng returned to his hometown of Heyang with the coffin escorted by Han Yu and her son.

After the burial, Zheng said to Han Yu and his son with concern:

"Life is short, you should take the time to study and study. Although you don't want to be famous for the time being, don't waste your life. "

Han Yu is very sensible at this time. He knows that this is what my sister-in-law said for my brother. Since then, every morning when the rooster crows, he gets up to do exercises and then goes back to his study.

The Han family has been an official for generations and has a large collection of books. Han Yu began to read The Analects of Confucius and Mencius. When he met a problem, he asked his sister-in-law for advice. However, when Han Yu read the Book of Changes and The Book of Changes, his sister-in-law could not teach him, so Han Yu went to local learned people for advice. In this way, Han Yu also read Lao Zi, Zhuangzi, Xunzi and other pre-Qin prose works.

One spring, the eldest sister-in-law called Han Yu to her side and said to him:

"Brother, when you grow up, go to Luoyang to study. There are many learned people there who can broaden their horizons. "

The next day, Han Yu took buddhist nun on the road to Luoyang.

Reading is like tasting wine.

After arriving in Luoyang, Han Yu visited some relatives and friends known by the Han family. Seeing that he was polite and learned, everyone invited him to live in his home. Han Yu declined everyone's kindness, found two cabins to live in and began to live a poor reading life.

Han Yu, dressed in cloth, only eats two meals a day and spends the rest of his time reading books and visiting friends. Sometimes, he is addicted to reading and doesn't sleep until after midnight.

On one occasion, Han Yu and his friends got together to talk about articles. Han Yu said bluntly:

"This kind of reading is like wine tasting. A good article makes people feel happy to read. That kind of clumsy article, such as parallel prose, is very rigid and makes people breathless after reading it. "

"In your opinion, which famous writers write well?" A friend asked him.

"To say the pre-Qin, of course, is monk and Zhouzhuang. Speaking of the Han Dynasty, Dong Zhongshu ranked first, followed by Jia Yi and Yang Xiong. Their articles are free in form, with moving sentences and profound meanings. "

Later, Han Yu became a great scholar, actively advocated people to learn the prose of the pre-Qin and Han dynasties, opposed the binding parallel prose, and became the leader of the "ancient prose movement".

Speak for the people

After living in Luoyang for a period of time, Han Yu went to Chang 'an to learn from his teachers. Later, he took the exam, won the Jinshi and became a Guo Jian Zi. Although this official is not big, he has the power to impeach government officials.

One year, there was a drought in Guanzhong area (now Shaanxi Province), and many victims were forced to leave their homes and flood into the capital Chang 'an. They were naked, begging everywhere, and many people starved to death in the streets. In order to understand the disaster, Han Yu dressed up as a common people and went to the countryside to visit.

The suburbs of Chang 'an are full of terrible scenes: cracks have appeared in the fields, only dead branches are left in the crops, and even a piece of green can't be seen around. The village is sparsely populated, and nine out of ten families have gone out to hide, and the rest live on grass bark.

Han Yu also learned that in order to pay taxes, some families were forced to tear down houses and cut down trees to sell; Others, unable to feed their children, left them in the ditch.

Han Yu thought to himself, "The disaster is so serious and people's lives are so miserable, but Shi Li, the local governor of Chang 'an, lied to the emperor that although the weather was dry, the millet didn't grow badly. I want to tell the emperor about this disaster. "

So, he immediately wrote a letter describing the real situation of drought, hunger and exploitation by cruel officials in Guanzhong area, and asked the emperor to reduce or exempt the taxes of the people in this area.

Han Yu's behavior annoyed those powerful people. Shi Li, in particular, was trusted by the emperor. He said that Han Yu exaggerated the disaster, and if he did as Han Yu said and other places demanded tax cuts, the court would not receive any money. When Tang Dezong heard the fire, he immediately wrote a letter to remove Han Yu from his post and told him to be a county magistrate in Yangshan, Lianzhou (now Guangdong).

Advocate ancient Chinese prose

More than a year later, the fatuous Tang Dezong died. After the new emperor acceded to the throne, Han Yu was recalled to Chang 'an and became Dr. imperial academy (equivalent to the current university position). Han Yu is knowledgeable and lively in his lectures, so he is welcomed and respected by students.

One day, many friends and students gathered at Han Yu's home. Let's talk about history and comment on articles. A student asked Han Yu:

"Sir, you advocate writing articles with ancient sages as the teacher and oppose parallel prose. Parallel prose has nothing to recommend it? Ask the teacher for advice. "

Han Yuxiao smiled and said:

"Of course, parallel prose has been written very well since the Six Dynasties, Rainbow Bo's Preface to Wang Tengting. But as a style, it excessively pursues the perfection of form and ignores the vividness of content. Sentences must be four-character, six-character and one-sentence, with double lines of rhyme and allusion, which is too restrictive for thinking. As for ancient prose, the form is not so strict, and you can express your feelings and opinions at will. So I want everyone to learn ancient Chinese. "

"So, what are the specific requirements of a good article?" Another student asked.

"First, to get rid of cliches, people should not use old sayings and uncommon dead words; Second, the text should be fluent; Third, we should have momentum. In short, there must be something to say, and the text must be able to effectively express the content. "

Han Yu gave many examples in succession, which made many students listen with relish and were deeply inspired.

Han Yu also took the lead in writing many excellent ancient prose, such as Shi Shuo and Jin Xuejie. Many famous sentences are recited by people, such as "industry is good at diligence and leisure, and what you do is destroyed by thinking" and so on.

Under the advocacy of Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan and others, more and more people write in ancient Chinese, which has changed the literary atmosphere.

Push and knock

One day, Han Yu returned to the office after finishing his work. At that time, there was a rule that when court officials went out, pedestrians should avoid it. So at the sight of Han Yu's arrival, pedestrians in the street gave way one after another, except for a scholar-like young man riding a donkey, shaking his head, and his right hand still pushing and knocking in the air, not shy at all. The entourage immediately rushed forward, took the man down and sent him to Han Yuma to plead guilty.

"Why not avoid it?" Han Yu asked angrily.

Young people seem to wake up from a dream, blinked, bowed to Han Yu and said:

"Born late just writing a poem, there are two words that are difficult to choose. Because my mind is full of these two words, I forgot to avoid them, thus offending adults. "

A listen to the poem, han yu turned anger into joy, favour ask:

"What are you writing? Which two words are difficult to decide? "

The young man cheerfully read the poem again and said:

"It's the word" push "in" the bird stays in the tree by the pool and the monk pushes the moon to the door ". I want to use the word "knock" instead, but I think it's wrong. After repeated thinking, I can't decide for a while. "

Han Yu nodded, read the poem rhythmically, and made gestures of "pushing the door" and "knocking at the door" with his hand. He pondered carefully for a while and loudly said:

"I think knocking at the door is better."

"Why? Please enlighten me. "

"This poem is about a monk visiting a friend on a moonlit night. It was already evening when the monks went, and the door was naturally closed. How can they push the door in? Push' is unreasonable. Besides, there is a loud knock at the door. On a quiet moonlit night, someone suddenly knocked at the door, which alarmed the birds living in the tree. Quiet and moving, the artistic conception is beautiful. " Han Yu finished his opinion in one breath.

"Adults have high opinions, adults have high opinions." The young man held up his thumb in admiration.

Seeing that the young man in front of him was eager to learn and modest, Han Yu couldn't help asking questions, only to know that his name was Jia Dao and he had come to Beijing to take the exam. He cherished Jia Daoli's talents and let him go back to the house together. In this way, Jia Dao became a student and friend of Han Yu and often discussed literary issues together. Later, Jia Dao also became a famous poet.

Encourage Buddhist bones

There is a Famen Temple near Chang 'an. There is a finger bone hidden in the temple, which is said to be the remains of Sakyamuni, the founder of Buddhism, called Buddha bone.

One year in the first month, in order to pray for a long life, Tang Xianzong sent someone to welcome the Buddha's bones into the palace for three days, and ordered the major temples in Chang 'an to exhibit them in turn. Gal, up to the princes and nobles, down to the common people are scrambling to meet the Buddha's bones and donate property to the temple. In order to worship the Buddha's bones, many people are desperate. Han Yu was very angry when he saw this. I immediately wrote a letter to Tang Xianzong: put it on the Buddha's bone table. He said:

"When there was no Buddhism in ancient times, many emperors lived a long life. Since Emperor Han Ming introduced Buddhism to China, the emperors who believed in Buddhism died young, and the countries were in turmoil one after another. "

That's too much to say. Han Yu is full of hope that this paper will sober the emperor up and stop wasting people and money. Unexpectedly, Tang Xianzong flew into a rage after reading the newspaper and said angrily:

"Han Yu is so bold, I want to behead!"

Prime Minister Pei Du is a friend of Han Yu. He quickly pleaded for him and asked the emperor to reduce the punishment for Han Yu.

"no!" Tang Xianzong said angrily, "He said that all emperors who believed in Buddhism died early. Isn't this cursing me? "

"The emperor, han yu rude remarks, should be punished. However, he is out of loyalty. If he is executed for this, I am afraid that no one will dare to make a sound in the future. "

Many ministers interceded for Han Yu. Tang Xianzong promised not to kill Han Yu, but he still wanted to demote him as the secretariat of Chaozhou (now Guangdong) and call him to office within a time limit. Han Yu once again went to the far south.

Fengxue road

On the way to Chaozhou, Han Yu felt heavy. I thought I was loyal to the emperor, but I was banished to a far place. I don't know when I will come back now.

It's almost Languan (now Shaanxi Province), and the weather has suddenly changed. First the snow fell, and then a strong wind blew. The wind rolled snowflakes, making people unable to open their eyes.

Han Yu urged him to go at once, but the horse shook its hoof and refused to move forward. Just as he was anxious, someone came riding from behind him. The man came to the front of Han Yu, dismounted, saluted and shouted:

"Uncle, my nephew is late."

It turned out that the bearer was Han Yu's nephew Han Xiang, who came to accompany Han Yu. Han Yu was deeply moved when he saw his relatives, so he couldn't help reciting a poem:

A letter played in the sky,

Eight thousand Chaoyang Road in the evening.

If you want to kill the wise,

Willing to decline and cherish the old.

Where is the home of Yunheng Qinling,

The heavy snow hindered the horse's progress.

You should be interested to know that you are far away.

So my bones can be collected by the river.

The poems written by Han Yu are as famous as his articles. Besides this poem, he also wrote many unpretentious and unforgettable poems. For example, "the river is a green ribbon, the mountain is like a jade hairpin" and "the sky is crisp and the grass is far and near." These poems vividly describe the beauty of mountains and rivers, and have been passed down by people to this day.

Adventure and counter-insurgency

After Tang Xianzong's death, Tang Muzong acceded to the throne, and Han Yu was transferred back to Chang 'an as an official.

One spring, there was a rebellion: Tian was killed by his subordinates and Wang Ting was appointed as our ambassador. Tang Muzong sent troops to conquer. Who knows that after a battle, loyalists not only failed to capture the city, but General Niu's troops were surrounded by rebels.

Tang Muzong hurriedly and ministers to discuss countermeasures. Unable to send more troops, the imperial court had to agree to let Wang Ting join us as our envoy, and at the same time decided to send ministers to persuade Wang Ting to join in lifting the siege of government troops.

"Ladies and gentlemen, who is willing to undertake this important task?" Tang Muzong asked.

The hall was silent. Everyone knows that dealing with these rebels is no joke.

"Is there no one to share my worries?"

The words sound just fell and hanyu stood up.

"I want to go to Zhou Zhen."

"After you go, you don't have to go to Wang Ting's military camp." Tang Muzong said.

"Since we are going, how can we just wait and see for personal gains and losses?" Han Yu replied categorically.

When Han Yu came to the rebel camp, he saw soldiers with guns everywhere, one by one, drawn with swords and guns, with an arrow in the string and a murderous look. Han Yu calmly walked into the tent and sat down. While sipping tea, he stared at Wang Ting majestically and remained silent for a long time. Wang Ting gather together to pour impatient and said:

"Han's adult, the chaos in the town and state was caused by the soldiers below, not my intention."

"The court has agreed to let you do our time. Why are you still around General Niu Yuan Yi? " Han Yu said solemnly.

Words don't say that finish, a group of rebels surrounded the han yu, angrily asked:

"We worked hard for the court and made contributions. What happened to the court? What makes you think we are traitors? "

"Tian is too mean to his subordinates, so our whole army is not satisfied." A renegade general argued.

Han Yu said seriously:

"But you have killed him, even killed his family, what is there to say? What I want to say is that whether you surrender or resist the imperial court, your future outcome will be different! Think about it! "

They are really speechless. A long time, Wang Ting leaned in to ask:

"What shall we do now?"

Han Yu softened his tone and said:

"As long as the encirclement of Niu Yuan Yi's army is dismantled, it will be fine."

"Okay, okay, I'll do it right away." Wang Ting said.

Han Yu successfully fulfilled his mission.