Effects of weather changes on animals

Terrestrial animals are adapting to the land environment and changing themselves. Because the land climate is relatively dry, terrestrial animals generally have structures to prevent water loss. For example, reptiles have horny scales or nails, and insects have exoskeletons. Only in this way can we keep this terrestrial animal family alive. From the adaptation of terrestrial animals to the land environment, it can be seen that this is "natural selection, survival of the fittest."

Land animals generally have developed sensory organs and nervous systems, which can respond to changing environment in time.

life

Annelids on land, such as earthworms, live in moist soil bags rich in humus, and make their bodies crawl through the cooperation of muscles and bristles, feeding on dead leaves, rotten roots and other organic substances of plants. Body segmentation can make earthworm's body move flexibly. It has no lungs and trachea, and its breathing depends on the body wall that can secrete mucus and keep it moist all the time. The earthworm's body wall is densely covered with capillaries, and the oxygen in the air first dissolves in the mucus on the body surface, then penetrates into the body wall and then enters the capillaries on the body wall. Carbon dioxide in the body is also discharged from the body surface through capillaries in the body wall. Animals need a temperature suitable for their life. Earthworms can't keep a constant body temperature, so they can only live in deep soil bags with little temperature change.

Mammals in terrestrial animals have smooth and soft body hair, which has the function of heat preservation (whole body hair is an effective way for mammals to adapt to the environment. Because hair is lifeless, it will not be burned by solar radiation, and it can also play a role in heat insulation, so that a temperature gradient is formed between hair and skin. Such as whales, dolphins and so on. Their bodies are hairless or almost hairless. They either live in warm waters or have some specialized tissues, such as thick skin. ); Breathe with the lungs; The heart is divided into four chambers and has two circulation paths: pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation; Constant body temperature; There are front teeth, molars and canine teeth; There are also developed cranial nerves and limbs. All kinds of mammals live in every corner of the earth, but the relationship between mammals and the external environment is extremely complicated. Water, climate, light, temperature, humidity and other factors are important limiting factors for the life and survival of mammals. The morphological structure and living habits of different kinds of mammals show their adaptation to various environments. Many mammals have a well-developed central nervous system, so they can choose their habitats accurately. If in summer, when the temperature in the area where he lives is very high, in order to avoid direct sunlight, he will go to the depths of the shade or the river to rest, stretch his body so that his abdomen is close to the ground, so as to use the wet surface to dissipate heat. He can also go to the river or pond for a long time for soaking, water bath or mud bath. On the other hand, aquatic mammals immerse their whole bodies in water and radiate their body temperature with their heads facing the flowing water. Among mammals, cloven-hoofed animals and some carnivores have no sweat glands. When the temperature is high in summer, I always squat in the shade and stick out my tongue to catch my breath to radiate my body temperature. When running, regulate your body temperature by breathing and temporarily storing residual heat in your body. Others use a lot of saliva instead of sweating to dissipate heat.