What is the information about Hong Kong?

Hong Kong, the full name of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is one of the two special administrative regions of People's Republic of China (PRC). It includes Hong Kong Island, South China Sea, Kowloon Peninsula and the New Territories connected with Chinese mainland, as well as 235 small islands nearby. To the northeast, the sea area north of tung ping chau, and to the north, across the Shenzhen River, is Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province. To the south of the waters is Wanshan Islands in Zhuhai City, Guangdong Province. Hong Kong has always been the territory of China, but it was ceded to Britain by the Qing government in batches from 1842 to 1898, and the people of China resumed the exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong in June 1997+0.

According to the Sino-British Joint Declaration signed by China and Britain, the people of China and the government of China promised to implement the policy of "one country, two systems". Within 50 years after the reunification, People's Republic of China (PRC)'s socialist system will not be practiced in Hong Kong, which enjoys a high degree of autonomy except for foreign affairs and national defense.

Population: Before 1840, Hong Kong was just a small fishing village with a population of only 5,000. Today, the population of Hong Kong exceeds 6.6 million, and more than 6.5438+million tourists visit Hong Kong every year. 1997 After the reunification, it has its own Hong Kong regional flag and regional emblem.

The origin of the name: Hong Kong, which means "fragrant harbor", is probably related to the fragrance of sandalwood and incense sticks made on the island a long time ago.

Ethnic composition: Chinese account for 97%, mostly Cantonese; Foreigners account for 3%

Religion: Buddhism, Taoism, Christianity, Catholicism, Islam

Language: English, Cantonese and Mandarin.

Reputation: Pearl of the Orient, Dynamic City, Shopping Paradise.

Regional flower: bauhinia

Historical overview

1842, the Qing government signed the unequal treaty of nanking with Britain and ceded Hong Kong Island to Britain.

1860 The Beijing Treaty was signed and Kowloon Peninsula was ceded to Britain.

1896, Britain forced the Qing government to conclude a new treaty to lease the area north of Boundary Street in Kowloon Peninsula and its nearby islands for 99 years, which was occupied by Japan during World War II.

1945 Japan surrendered and was reoccupied by Britain.

China and Britain signed a joint statement on the Hong Kong issue.

From 65438 to 0997, Hong Kong returned to China and implemented "one country, two systems" and "a high degree of autonomy".

Climatic temperature

Hong Kong has a subtropical monsoon climate, with an average annual temperature of 22.8 degrees Celsius, an average rainfall of 2,225mm and an average relative humidity of 78%.

Spring (March to mid-May): The weather is warm and humid, with frequent fog and Mao Mao rain, with an average temperature of 23 degrees Celsius and humidity of 82%;

Summer (May to mid-September): The midsummer is followed by the typhoon season, and the summer weather is hot and humid. In the afternoon, the temperature can rise above 3 1 degree, with occasional showers and thunderstorms, with an average temperature of 28 degrees and humidity of 80%.

Autumn (12 from late September to late February): The weather is sunny, cool and dry, which is the peak season for arrival in Hong Kong. The average temperature is 23 degrees and the humidity is 72%.

Winter (65438+mid-February to late February): The weather is the coolest and driest, and occasionally a cold current blows from the northern inland, when the temperature may drop below eight degrees. As for winter, the average temperature is 17 degrees and the humidity is 72%.

Festival celebration

Hong Kong's multiculturalism is also reflected in many festivals. This has brought more excitement and joy to Hong Kong people and more surprises to tourists. The traditional festivals in China are lively, festive and auspicious, and should not be missed. Western festivals are trendy, exciting, interesting and more exciting.

Lunar New Year (the first month of the lunar calendar): The New Year is the most important festival in China. In addition to family reunion, visiting relatives and friends and other necessary contents;

Features of the Spring Festival in Hong Kong include:

Lunar New Year's Eve Flower Market: held in several districts a few days before the Lunar New Year, among which the annual Lunar New Year's Eve Flower Market in Victoria Park is the most lively, selling all kinds of Lunar New Year's Eve flowers, peach blossoms, chrysanthemums, daffodils and other commodities.

Float parade: held in the city on New Year's Day. Every year, floats from all over the world and parades showing the cultures and customs of different regions are combined into colorful large-scale performances to celebrate the prosperity of the New Year.

Fireworks display: On the second day of the Lunar New Year, it will be held off the coast of Victoria Harbour. Both sides of the harbor and the sea side of high-rise buildings have become the best viewing positions.

Christmas (65438+February 25th): Christmas is the most lively and grand festival in Hong Kong. The high-rise buildings on both sides of Victoria Harbour were decorated with colorful lights more than a month in advance, and the shops were also decorated with Christmas decorations. It is this kind of scenery that attracts the admiration of many tourists. At this time, Hong Kong showed the most brilliant city appearance. If you are interested in the prosperity of Hong Kong, then the best time to travel must be Christmas.

The most lively event is Christmas Eve. There is a holy Christmas Eve mass in the church, and some hotels, shopping malls and choirs sing Christmas songs. All Hong Kong people flock to the streets, especially the promenade of Tsim Sha Tsui Waterfront Garden and the adjacent streets.

If you can come to Hong Kong at Christmas, shopping is also a great pleasure. At this time, major shopping malls will have a big sale, which can be as low as half price. This has become a common practice in Hong Kong. Hong Kong residents will choose this time to buy Christmas gifts and send a deep warmth to their loved ones.

New Year's Day (65438+ 10/), Valentine's Day (February 1 4), Tianhou's birthday (March 23rd of the lunar calendar), Buddha's birthday (the eighth day of the fourth lunar month), Taiping Tomb-Sweeping Day (the eighth day of the fourth lunar month), Dragon Boat Festival (the fifth day of the fifth lunar month), and Qiao.

History of Hong Kong: From Small Fishing Village to International Metropolis

Major projects: history of Hong Kong

As early as the Neolithic Age, people lived in Hong Kong. Neolithic human settlements have been found in many places in the New Territories and Lantau Island. In the 24th year of Kaiyuan in the Tang Dynasty, Hong Kong belonged to Zhou Xun. Establish a military town of Tuen Mun [1] with 2,000 people stationed to protect maritime trade. At that time, the army was stationed in today's Tuen Mun, hence the name. Due to the abundance of pearls in the waters near Tai Po, Liu of the Southern Han Dynasty established a formal pearl farm in 963 AD, which was called Mei Chuan Capital. After the demise of the Southern Han Dynasty in Zhao Kuangyin, Song Taizu, pearl picking was officially banned. In the Yuan Dynasty, the official pearl was taken back, but it was opposed by the gentry and was soon sealed again. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, pearl picking was repeatedly prohibited, but it was still unable to return to the prosperity of the Five Dynasties and Ten Countries.

In Hong Kong, from the Tang Dynasty to the first year of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, that is, A.D. 1662, the soil in the pear orchards in Hong Kong and the Shaluo Bay in Daxi Mountain was suitable for the growth of fragrant trees, so the planting and production of fragrant trees also developed slowly. According to research, all fragrant tree products from southern Dongguan and Xin 'an (including Hong Kong) in Ming Dynasty were packed in wooden cases and transported by land to Xiangbutou (the terminal of fragrant tree products transportation) in Tsim Sha Tsui. In A.D. 1662, in order to prevent coastal residents from giving assistance and Zheng Chenggong, a legacy of the Ming Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty moved to the sea, which dealt a great blow to the cultivation and production of incense. Even if it was reunified in the eighth year of Kangxi (AD 1669), it would be difficult to restore the old view.

Hong Kong has a long coastline, so many places in Hong Kong are suitable for building saltworks. In 97 1 year, in the fourth year of Kaibao in the Northern Song Dynasty, an official rich field was set up in today's Jiulong Bay, and salt officials were stationed to be responsible for salt production and to co-ordinate various small salt fields. In A.D. 1 183 (May 29th, Xiaozong Xichun 10), the private salt in Daxi Mountain was banned, which led to the uprising in A.D. 1 197 (the third year of Qingyuan in Ningzong of the Southern Song Dynasty). At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, two young emperors, Zhao Hemin and Zhao Min, were forced to flee to Hong Kong by the Yuan Army. It is said that they once rested on a big stone and called it Song Wangtai. Later, Emperor Min of the Song and Ming Dynasties was in the position of Mei Weidun. Due to the pursuit of the Yuan Army, the coastal road crossed Repulse Bay to Xinhui. However, when the ship sailed to Yamen, Xinhui, Guangdong today, it was arrived by the Yuan Army, so Lu Xiufu jumped into the sea with 8-year-old Zhao Min on his back and died.

15 14 years (Zheng dejiu), Portugal sent troops to the chariot and captured it. Then the Sino-Portuguese War broke out in 152 1 year (the 16th year of Zheng De). The fighting lasted for forty days, but the Portuguese army still refused to retreat. On June 27, two more warships came from Malacca to reinforce, and the defeat was still irreparable. Finally, they decided to concentrate the remaining soldiers on three warships and prepare to break through. On the morning of September 8, three ships tried to break through in the dark, but unfortunately they met a warship from China. The two sides fought fiercely again, and the Portuguese army was outnumbered and desperate. Soon, a storm broke out at sea, and the enemy ship fled with the wind because of its large hull, and returned to Malacca in a mess. However, the Portuguese army is not willing to fail. In April of the following year, a fleet of four warships was sent, and two more were added to the road, in an attempt to reoccupy Tuen Mun, and in July 10, China waters were invaded. In August, the two armies confronted each other near Caowan in the west of Daxi Mountain. Because China's coastal defense strength has been greatly strengthened, this battle has been fought from Qiancaowan Sea to Shaozhou Sea [2]. China Navy captured two enemy ships, captured 42 officers and men including Captain Yu Dulu alive and beheaded 35 people. The Ming army won a total victory.

In Qing Dynasty, Hong Kong was under the jurisdiction of Xin 'an County. In order to prevent coastal residents from helping Zheng Chenggong, an old man of the Ming Dynasty, the Qing court ordered them to move to the sea in the first year of Kangxi (AD 1662), and the coastal residents had to move 50 miles inland, so they lost their homes. Coupled with the implementation of the maritime ban, Hong Kong has been seriously affected. After moving to the sea, the fishing and salt industry was deserted and the countryside was deserted. Coastal residents suffered greatly because they moved to the sea. Guangdong Governor Wang Lairen and Guangdong Governor Zhou Youde asked for the Second World. In the eighth year of Kangxi (AD 1669), the imperial court finally allowed the border to be recovered, and the residents in this area moved back one after another. Therefore, the five ethnic groups in the New Territories [3] set up a temple [4] in Sheung Shui to pay tribute to the two temples, and Deng set up an Ergong Academy in Centian, which was played once every ten years as a token of appreciation.

The period of British rule

Early rule

1842, the Qing Dynasty was defeated by the British Empire in the First Opium War, and the treaty of nanking was signed with Britain the following year, ceding Hong Kong Island and its adjacent Ap Lei Chau to Britain. 1860, the Qing court was defeated by the British and French allied forces again, and was forced to sign the Beijing Treaty, ceding the southern part of Kowloon Peninsula, which often disturbed public order on Hong Kong Island, and the adjacent Stonecutters Island to Britain. At that time, the new boundary of Kowloon Peninsula was only separated by short barbed wire, which is on today's Boundary Street. 1898, Britain and the Qing court signed a series of lease treaties, such as "Special Provisions on Expanding the Boundary of Hong Kong", and leased more than 200 outlying islands in the northern part of Kowloon Peninsula, the New Territories and its adjacent areas. Except for Kowloon Castle, the lease period was 99 years. This series of leases and transfers formed the boundary of Hong Kong today.

After the founding of the Republic of China, the national government intended to cancel the unequal treaties. However, the national strength did not last, and the Northern Expedition left the National Government with no leisure to consider recovering Hong Kong's sovereignty. However, at that time, the Hong Kong Government still opened the border between China and Hong Kong, and citizens of the two places could still travel freely. At that time, in order to build the country, many Hong Kong people not only donated money to return to China, but also joined the work of the National Government. Wu, former foreign minister of the National Government, was a celebrity in Hong Kong at that time.

Anti-Japanese period

When War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression broke out, the Japanese army landed in Guangdong on 1938, quickly occupied Guangzhou and its vicinity, and sent spies into Hong Kong to investigate the deployment position of the British army. Chinese in Hong Kong supported the War of Resistance and donated money. The Japanese military government was dissatisfied with this and protested to the British consul many times. 194 1 65438+February 8, 2008, a few hours after Japan attacked Pearl Harbor, it simultaneously attacked Malaya, crossed the Shenzhen River and occupied Hong Kong. During this period, there were many fierce wars between Japan and Canada and between British and Indian armies. Finally, due to the lack of combat power of British troops stationed in Hong Kong, 194 165438 On February 25th, then Governor Yang announced his surrender to Japan, and the Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began for three years and eight months. During this period, the Japanese moved Hong Kong people back to Chinese mainland for the convenience of rule.