How to raise Qin. I'm so sad.

Variety types and commonly used varieties' ancient paintings' series are commonly used imported potted plants. New Paradise' is an excellent variety with short, large and double petals newly bred by the Potted Flower Research Institute in Dafeng City, Jiangsu Province.

Morphological characteristics: pinnate or trifoliate palmately compound leaves, with different colors, shapes and shades at different growth stages and individuals. Cotyledons are oval, young leaves are less engraved, and true leaves are more engraved in the later stage. winter

Under seasonal low temperature, the leaves are clustered with flat leaves.

There is a big dark brown root in the underground part, which is full of feet and looks like the root of Dahlia. It can be propagated by single plant, but it is inconvenient to operate and the proliferation rate is low. It is rarely used for asexual reproduction of excellent single plants in production.

The difference in the size and number of tuberous roots reflects the nutritional level of bulbous roots, which not only affects the plant size, tillering number and growth of tuberous roots in the early stage of germination, but also affects the number of flower stems in the future. Root tuber for potted flower cultivation

Generally, it is required that the number of small roots is more than 5, and the length of dry small roots is more than 1cm. The size, quantity, weight and shape of tuberous roots are closely related to the management before dormancy. If the nutrient consumption is high when flowering,

Insufficient supply of fertilizer and water, or premature dormancy due to high temperature, or sudden forced dormancy caused by man-made high temperature and drought, small roots will appear uneven in length, shriveled and small. After June, the aboveground part gradually withered and the root tuber dormant.

Ecological habit Ranunculus ternatus has no physiological dormancy. The harvested root tuber is planted at 5℃-65438 05℃ and germinates after 2-3 weeks. Root tuber can be dried to control germination and can be stored for a long time. The root tuber of buttercup must be fully dried.

Store it after drying, otherwise it will rot easily.

Seeds mature in May-June, about 1800 grains per gram. The seeds are flat and wrapped in a very thin film. The optimum temperature for seed germination is 10℃- 15℃, and it germinates in 2-3 weeks, but it cannot germinate above 20℃ or below 5℃.

After the root tuber absorbs water, at the night temperature of 10℃- 12℃, 10 leaves can be unfolded for 7-8 weeks. At this time, the growth point of the shoot tip began to expand, which was completed in 2-3 weeks and blossomed after about 10 weeks.

Potted flowers of Ranunculus ternatus are generally produced by sowing, but the sowing method requires a high level of cultivation to produce high-quality potted flowers (sowing seedlings often have problems of insufficient nutrition level and few flowers). Therefore, it is also useful to produce blocks by sowing.

Root, the next year, the "root tuber method" of producing potted flowers with root tuber. It is necessary to compare the cultivation cost and economic benefit of the two methods.

Growth condition

Ranunculus ternatus originated in Syria and Israel, where it is hot and dry in summer and cold and rainy in autumn and spring, so Ranunculus ternatus has the habit of growth and development in autumn and winter, flowering in spring and dormancy in summer. Its growth process is very important.

There is a great demand for water. Lack of water in the early stage of growth will lead to short plants, small leaves, less tillering, underdeveloped roots, less flowering, small flowers and low rate of double petals. Water shortage in the middle period will seriously affect flowering, with small stems, short flowering period and poor color.

If the color is not bright, the leaves will turn yellow; In the later stage, plants lacking water will be forced to sleep, and the quality of root tuber is poor. But as a root flower, too much water is also in danger of root rot. The supply of water must also be balanced and appropriate, excessive.

Drought or waterlogging will seriously affect growth. Water imbalance can also lead to root cracking. The general law of water requirement in the growth process is that a certain degree of water is needed in the early stage of cultivation, reaching the maximum at the early stage of bolting, and then gradually decreasing.

Diurnal response Ranunculus ternatus is very sensitive to diurnal response. Sowing seedlings will bloom or stagnate in advance and start to form tuberous roots when they encounter long-term conditions. Although this is related to the relatively young physiological maturity age of Ranunculus ternatus, it is the most important.

The purpose is to promote flower bud differentiation by long sunshine. Although short-term sunshine will inhibit flowering, when the plant grows to a certain size, it can still differentiate into flower buds. This shows that Ranunculus is just a flower with long sunshine. Some people use cut flowers as a variety.

In the experiment, the long sunshine treatment (interrupted for 4 hours from 22: 00 to 2: 00) bloomed 45 days earlier than the short sunshine treatment (8 hours) and 4 1 day earlier than the natural treatment (CK). But under the condition of long sunshine, the quality of flowers decreases,

The flower diameter decreased by 2.5 cm, and the flower stem increased by 2-8 cm. Compared with root tuber cultivation, the long-day response of seedlings is more obvious, flowering earlier and plant dormancy earlier. The influence is more significant when the daily length is longer than 12 hour, but if it reaches 20.

Hours of light can not bloom, or flowers are few, pedicels are slender, and the rate of double petals is reduced. Under the condition of short sunshine, meristem activity is high, which promotes the formation of lateral buds. So buttercup is planted in autumn, which is especially suitable for sexual reproduction.

Planting and sowing should not be too late to ensure adequate nutritional growth before the arrival of long sunshine in spring, thus ensuring the quality of potted flowers (flower number, plant height, double petal rate).

Temperature The minimum growth starting temperature of Ranunculus ternatus is -5℃, and the minimum growth temperature is above 5℃. The growth rate is the fastest when the night temperature is 8℃ and the daytime temperature is 10℃- 15℃. Poor growth and development above 20℃ and 30℃

The above-ground parts began to wither, but the dry roots could stand quite high temperatures.

Low temperature treatment at seedling stage has a significant effect on growth period. Under the conditions of long day, short day and natural treatment, 4 weeks at 5℃ can lead to early flowering 14-20 days.

Although buttercup doesn't like high temperature, it may rot under long-term low temperature conditions, especially when there is more soil moisture. In the vegetative growth period, the temperature should be controlled at 15℃-20℃ during the day and at 5℃- 10℃ at night. Temperature difference between day and night

At an advanced age, the number of flowers will decrease, the rate of double petals will decrease, the flower stems will increase and weaken, and the quality of potted flowers will seriously decline. The flowering temperature is 13℃- 15℃ to prolong the flowering period.

Soil environment Ranunculus requires higher soil, and the soil with rich organic matter, good aggregate structure and suitable porosity is better, and the pH value is about 6.5.

Key points of potted flower production technology by "root-tuber method"

Potted flowers are produced with small tubers sown and cultivated in the previous year as propagation materials. The "root tuber method" has the advantages of short production cycle, early flowering, short stem, high rate of double petals and good quality of potted flowers.

Water-absorbing tubers are dry during storage. If root tuber absorbs water quickly, most root tuber will rot. When the root tuber absorbs water, the temperature is too high and it will rot. Only low-temperature water absorption is the safest and most effective. Therefore,

Water must be absorbed slowly below 5℃. The reason may be that the root tuber absorbs water quickly from the extremely dry state, and the strong expansion of cells will cause mechanical damage and physiological obstacles, and the hyphae lurking on the surface of the root tuber will be more tolerant when absorbing water quickly.

Easy to invade. The root tuber that has just absorbed water, especially at high temperature, has very weak resistance to germs.

The method of low-temperature water absorption is to bury the root tuber in clean coarse sand, then spray water fully, and the excess water will leak out from below without accumulating water, and then put it into the cold storage at 1℃-3℃ to slowly absorb water. Without refrigeration, you can

Spread a layer of coarse sand in the shade, insert the root tuber upside down in the coarse sand, and bury the budding part, but most of the root tuber is exposed. Spray water frequently to ensure that the substrate is not dry. Soon, the root tuber swelled, and new roots were born after the central bud germinated.

Pick out the plants in time (the bud length shall not exceed 1cm). In order to prevent root rot, well water or tap water from deep wells with low temperature should be used to spray water, and fungicides can be added when spraying. 60% sunshade net should be used without lowering the ambient temperature.

In the shade, spray cooling facilities can be used, or basements and air-conditioned rooms can be used to accelerate germination. When accelerating germination, we should prevent the danger of heavy rain, pay attention to the weather forecast, cover the film in time to avoid rain.

For the convenience of management, the germinated root tuber was planted in a nutrient bowl of 10×8cm for centralized management. In order to prevent root rot, the soil on the bowl should be disinfected according to the source. Brometail 4m3/ can (860ml) sealed.

Fumigating for 2-3 days, uncovering the film after disinfection, and ventilating for 7- 10 days. The soil on the bowl should be wet. If it is too dry, fill it with water and use it the next day. When the soil passes through the top of root buds, the planting depth is 0.8- 1.0cm. Too deep is not conducive to the emergence of leaves, and too shallow.

Not conducive to hair roots. Water should be controlled before and after emergence, and the basin soil should be kept moist. After the seedlings grow completely, the watering amount can be gradually increased. Fertilize 2-3 times at seedling stage, and the concentration is 0.8‰- 1.0‰.

Use a small 5-inch clay pot or a plastic pot of 14- 16cm for the upper basin. The upper basin soil is high-quality compost 1/4 decomposed sawdust 1.0kg/m345% compound fertilizer. The planting depth is plain clods or slightly deeper, which is the original depth of the bowl.

When the basin is shallow, the original shallow bowl is deeper. The soil in the upper pot should not be too dry, and it should be watered once after planting. When the root seedlings are put into the pot, the edge is larger than that of ordinary flowers, so as to prevent the roots from jacking up clods after they are full, resulting in

It is difficult to water and fertilize.

Post-basin management

(1) temperature: The optimum growth temperature of Ranunculus ternatus is 15℃-20℃ during the day and 7℃-8℃ at night. Under the cultivation condition of plastic greenhouse, the highest temperature in the greenhouse is not higher than 22℃, and the lowest temperature is not lower than 0℃. Increasing the temperature at night is conducive to shortening.

In the growing period, proper reduction of night temperature is beneficial to compact plant type.

(2) Lighting: Try to give adequate lighting in winter.

(3) Moisture: Ranunculus likes water, and watering should be sufficient, timely and balanced. But too much water is harmful. On the one hand, buttercup is a bulbous flower, which is not tolerant to waterlogging. On the other hand, the air humidity in the greenhouse itself is relatively low.

Too high and too much humidity will cause the epidemic of diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to avoid the mistake of watering too many times and not enough water every time. Water it thoroughly every time, and then water it after drying. Try to keep the air in plants and sheds between watering.

Drying to control plant shape and diseases. However, the degree of dryness should be that the surface of the basin soil is dry and the leaves have no obvious wilting. Excessive drying will cause the root hair to die, and if watering is suddenly resumed after drying, it will cause deciduous leaves.

Yellowing, poor flowering and root cracking. Water as much as possible after budding, and spray is forbidden after flowering.

(4) Fertilization: once a week, the concentration is 1.5‰-2.0‰. 46% urea and 45% water-soluble compound fertilizer (mainly urea in the early stage and compound fertilizer in the later stage).

(5) Plant regulation: The growth and development of "root-tuber method" cultivation is mostly in winter, when the sunshine is short and the temperature is suitable, it will not grow in vain. Pull the pot once before and after budding. When pulling out the pot, the big and small plants should be separated and the buds should be grafted.

Early buds are separated from late buds. At the initial stage of budding, the buds grow leaves, and paclobutrazol (120- 150ppm powder, 8- 10g/ 10kg) is sprayed once as appropriate. Buds should be sprayed in batches in the morning and evening, and cannot be sprayed repeatedly.

(6) Pest control: The main diseases are Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and gray mold. Water should be reasonable, strengthen ventilation, and pull the basin in time; Pay attention to the cleanliness and hygiene in the shed; Potted flower production sites should be disinfected in rotation; Found that the diseased plants should be handled in time;

In the middle and late growth stage, it is supplemented with necessary drugs, such as 46% Jundujing, 55% Chlorothalonil, and 50% 500- 1000 times spray. The pest is mainly liriomyza sativae, which occurs in the first half of April. If insects eat mesophyll, it will lead to

Serious harm, 1-2 times with 50% Robam 2000 times.

Production technology of potted flowers by "sowing method"

The advantages of sowing production are short production cycle, low cost, fast reproduction and large output; The disadvantages are less flowering, late flowering, easy plant jumping, double petal rate greatly affected by cultivation techniques, high requirements for cultivation conditions and limited management.

Strict management, otherwise the quality and yield of potted flowers will be low. The key points of production technology of sowing method are: sowing early in time, cultivating strong seedlings, paying attention to water and fertilizer management, advocating early planting, and properly applying dwarfing agents to control plant height.

grow seedlings

(1) sowing date: from late August to early September.

(2) Sowing amount: 2-3g/m2.

(3) Seed treatment: In order to go on the market as soon as possible, seeds should be soaked at low temperature to accelerate germination. After soaking the seeds in water for a day and night, wrap them with gauze, accelerate germination in an incubator or well at about 65438 05℃, and wash them once every morning and evening.

Drain the remaining water (the peel is film-shaped, and when it is gathered together, it contains a lot of water, which can be dehydrated by a washing machine). After accelerating germination 10 days, seeds germinate, and a few seeds are sown immediately after germination.

(4) Sowing: properly dry the seeds in the shade, mix in enough yellow sand, and then spread them evenly.

(5) Covering seed thickness: immediately after sowing, covering seeds with a thickness of 2-3mm. ..

(6) Post-sowing management: after sowing, cover the border with a layer of shading net, and cover the shed with a layer of 60% shading net, and spray water 1-2 times a day. Emerge about 5 days after germination, and 20 days after sowing dry seeds. Pay attention to check the emergency, and

Remove the sunshade of the flat cover. The sunshade net on the trellis can be taken down in the evening after all the seedlings are planted and covered before 8 o'clock the next day, so that the seedlings can see weak light in the morning and evening. After the heart is broken, the time to see the light will be gradually extended, and it will be complete when the shed is built in the middle and late June.

Light cultivation.

Fertilize once every 10 day after heartbreak, and the concentration is 0.5‰- 1.2‰.

Pay attention to keep the seedbed moist in the early stage of watering, and pay attention to dryness and wetness in the later stage of seedling raising to prevent diseases and excessive growth.

(7) Seeding: 3-4 true leaves. Using 10×8cm nutrient bowl to divide seedlings, it is appropriate to skip the white part of seedling base at planting depth. The soil used for seedling separation should refer to the soil used for bowls in the "root tuber method", and the quality is better.

When picking seedlings, pay attention to eliminate seedlings with long petioles, small leaves and short petioles, thick leaves and dark green. The former has fewer tillers, higher stems, smaller flowers and lower rate of double petals. The latter will be a short man in the future.

(8) Post-seedling management: Ranunculus ternatus seedlings are not easy to carry soil, and should be shaded for a short time at noon after seedling division. Most of the seedlings are in the middle of165438+1October-65438+February. If the temperature is low, the greenhouse temperature should be raised appropriately, preferably at 20℃-22℃ during the day.

8℃- 10℃ at night (the second and third floors are covered with cold-proof materials). After waking up, manage according to normal body temperature.

When the heart leaves grow obviously, it means that they have awakened and can be managed normally. The initial concentration of fertilization is 1‰, and it can be 1.5‰-2.0‰ in the later stage. The main type of fertilizer is nitrogen fertilizer, and the compound fertilizer is applied for 2-3 times. Fertilization is generally about every 10 day.

Time.

Shangpen

(1) Pot: The germination of sowing seedlings is smaller than that of rooting seedlings, the big seedlings are cultivated in a pot smaller than 5 inches, and the later seedlings are cultivated in a pot of 4.5 inches. The last seedlings can only be cultivated into bulbs in the original pot, and when the buds appear concentrated nutrition, they are removed.

Promote root swelling. All weak and sick seedlings should be removed.

(2) Pot soil: refer to the "root tuber method", but the quality is better, because the sowing method has a slower growth rate and a shorter growth period.

Post-basin management

Most of the management after planting pots can refer to the "root tuber method", but we should pay attention to the characteristics of "sowing method" in plant regulation.

(1) In order to promote the growth of trees, the first flower can be removed when it appears.

(2) In order to prevent the flower stems from jumping up, according to the actual situation, paclobutrazol was used once before the flower buds pulled out the leaves but did not appear color, and the concentration was 100- 120ppm.

(3) Fertilization is lighter and more diligent than "root tuber method".

(4) When flowering, the temperature rises and the light is enhanced. Attention should be paid to ventilation and cooling, shading as appropriate and prolonging flowering period.