How to Grow Edible Sunflowers in France

How to cultivate sunflowers? Scientific and reasonable planting is a necessary factor to improve yield and grain quality! Next, Bian Xiao will explain the specific steps of sunflower cultivation techniques.

1, land selection and soil preparation: SH363, SH36 1 In order to obtain high yield and high income, Sanrui No.7 must choose the drip irrigation land with middle and upper fertility, and choose the driving harrow when preparing the soil, so as to achieve smooth, broken soil and good soil moisture, avoid repeated cropping and realize 3-5 years rotation.

2. Suitable sowing date: When the ground temperature passes 10℃, the best sowing date is 0- 10㎝. It is suggested that the sowing date should be from early April to mid-May in the surrounding areas of Changji, Fukang and Wujiaqu, from mid-April to mid-May in Qitai, Rem and Jimsar, and from May in Altay and Tacheng Emin.

3. Planting specifications: plastic film should be used to cover large and small rows when planting. SH363, SH36 1 large row spacing of 90cm, small row spacing of 40 cm, plant spacing of 70cm on one side and 48cm on the other side of the film, or large row spacing of 90cm, small row spacing of 40cm and plant spacing of 70cm. It is suggested to protect about 1500 plants per mu. Sanrui No.5 has a large row spacing of 90cm, a small row spacing of 40cm and a plant spacing of 48cm. It is suggested to protect 1600- 1800 seedlings per mu.

4. Seed treatment: For sunflower-eating hybrids, the seed coating agent only has bactericidal and nutritional components, but no insecticidal components. Don't be misled by the coating agent. In order to effectively prevent underground pests such as needle worm, cutworm and SINONOVACULA constricta, farmers must carry out seed dressing before sowing.

5. Sow in time: When sowing, you should know the weather in the coming week, avoid rainy weather and prevent hardening. If it rains after sowing and causes hardening, it should be broken in time. Sowing depth is 2-3 cm, and covering soil is 2-3 cm. For drip irrigation, it is recommended to cover the film before dripping. After dripping water for 2-3 days, after the temperature rises, artificial planting should be carried out to make the soil moisture good and the ground temperature stable to protect seedlings. Debug the machine in advance when sowing by machine, and observe whether the feeding barrel is blocked at any time to avoid the phenomenon of lack of seedlings and broken ridges (try to avoid the sowing method of dry sowing and wet sowing).

6. Base fertilizer: the sunflower is mainly composed of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer in the early stage of eating, and potassium fertilizer in the middle and late stage. Generally, 25 kg of diammonium phosphate, 5 kg of urea, 65,438+00 kg of potassium fertilizer (potassium oxide content is more than 50%) or 20 kg of compound fertilizer containing potassium are applied per mu of base fertilizer, and the amount of base fertilizer can be adjusted according to soil fertility. (Special note: SH363 and SH36 1 belong to high potassium fertilizer varieties, and applying more potassium fertilizer can obviously improve the seed setting rate and yield. ) Without applying base fertilizer, you can bring 10 kg diammonium phosphate, 5 kg potash fertilizer and 3 kg urea when sowing by machine.

7. Foliage fertilizer: Spraying foliar fertilizer containing trace elements such as boron, zinc, iron and magnesium at seedling stage and budding stage respectively has obvious effect on improving the seed setting rate, 1000-grain weight and yield of sunflower.

8. Water topdressing: Sunflower is a high water and fertilizer crop, which can meet the requirements of water and fertilizer in the whole growth period, and the yield is obviously improved; Because SH363 and SH36 1 grow vigorously and the plants are tall, it is necessary to squat the seedlings properly and water them in the middle of the buds for the first time. The first watering must be thoroughly watered for rooting, and the watering frequency should be determined according to the soil conditions, soil moisture and precipitation. Generally, drip irrigation land should be watered with 5-7 water, so as to ensure that budding water, flowering water and grouting water are well watered. At the mature stage (the back of the disk begins to turn yellow, the tongue-shaped flowers dry up and the seeds turn black), water supply should be stopped in time, otherwise the seeds will turn yellow. Topdressing, depending on the soil conditions, topdressing 3-4 times in the whole growth period on the medium and high fertility land, and topdressing urea 10kg/ mu when the bud water is poured for the first time; Topdressing the second water with urea 10 kg/mu and potassium fertilizer 5 kg/mu; When watering flowering water, topdressing urea 5 kg/mu, potash fertilizer 5 kg/mu (topdressing with water-soluble potash fertilizer), topdressing potash fertilizer 5 kg (fertilizing amount should be increased for soil with medium fertility).

9. Intertillage and soil cultivation: During the whole growth period of sunflower, it is necessary to intertillage twice, the first time with four leaves, and the second time before closing the ridge, which can effectively raise soil temperature, conserve water, increase soil permeability, promote root growth and inhibit overgrowth. SH363, SH36 1 During the second intertillage, an improved plough share must be equipped for soil cultivation, and the height of soil cultivation should be above 20cm to avoid lodging.

10, thinning and seedling fixing: thinning and seedling fixing should be carried out at the four-leaf stage, and no two seedlings can be left. In general, replanting is not recommended for plots with incomplete emergence and over 60% emergence rate.

1 1. Prevention and control of sunflower stem borers: At the early flowering stage of sunflower, spraying pyrethroid insecticides such as Aarika or Gong Rui on the leaves can effectively prevent and control sunflower stem borers.

12. Pollination: Sunflowers are cross-pollinated crops. Generally, it is appropriate to put a box of bees in 5- 10 mu, which can improve the seed setting rate and increase the yield. Through experiments, the yield per mu can be increased by 50 kilograms.