How to raise perfume lily flowers

Lily is a bulbous herb of Liliaceae. Lily has straight stems, green leaves, strange flower shapes and elegant colors, which are very attractive. Domestic introduction and cultivation are expanding day by day, and market sales are becoming increasingly active.

First, habits

There are many varieties of lilies, most of which are artificial hybrids, mainly including Asian lilies, musk lilies and oriental lilies. Most of the popular cut flower varieties in recent years were introduced from Holland and Japan. For example, Lilium longiflorum, also known as Tiepao, blooms in June and July, with a plant height of 75-90 cm, short and thick leaves, 3-4 buds per plant, ivory color, trumpet shape, many flowers and high price. Musk lily likes a cool and humid environment, and sunny places and slightly cloudy environments are more suitable for lily growth. Avoid dry heat, cold resistance is slightly poor. The growth and flowering temperature is 16-24℃. When the temperature is lower than 5℃ or higher than 30℃, the growth almost stops, and the plants grow normally above 10℃. When the temperature is lower than 5℃ for 5-7 consecutive days at night in winter, the differentiation and development of flower buds will be seriously affected, and flowering will be delayed or even blind. Musk lily likes fertile soil rich in humus and avoids hard clay most; The slightly acidic soil with good drainage is better, and the soil pH value is 5.5-6.5.

Second, the method of reproduction.

The propagation methods of lily include bulb propagation, scale cutting, sowing propagation and tissue culture.

Sub-ball propagation: Many new scales will grow on underground bulbs or near-ground stems, so that when they grow up, they can be peeled off and stored or planted directly in trays. After general planting 1 year, you can get 1-3 or more. After harvesting in autumn, these particles are stored in sand and planted in the following spring, or planted in deep soil that autumn.

Scale cutting: Cut the mature stems into small bulbs and dry them in the shade, or peel off the scales and bury them in the sand. After 30 days of cutting, bulbs will grow in the axils of leaves and then be cultivated into small bulbs. Planting should be carried out in April-May, with the top slightly deeper than Luce. Generally, after 2-4 months of spring planting, most scales can take root and sprout, and grow small bulbs. At this time, they can be transplanted into potted plants or planted in open spaces.

Sowing and propagation: before sowing, put the seeds in front of the light, and select the seeds with complete embryo development for sowing. The optimum germination temperature is 12- 15℃, and the seeds germinate quickly above 15℃, but the seedlings are fine and do not germinate below 5℃. Above 25℃, the seeds are dormant and do not germinate. Sowing can be carried out in both spring and autumn, and after sowing, the soil is covered, the height is 0.5- 1 cm, and the leaves come out in about 20-30 days. Sow in spring and plant in autumn, and bloom in 2-3 years.

Tissue culture: Using different parts of lily, such as filament, style, ovary and axillary bud at the base of scales, to cultivate test-tube seedlings, and then transplanting them into seedbeds for nursing and growth, thus producing seed bulbs.

Third, the main points of cultivation

1, fertilizer and water management: Lilium longiflorum can be cultivated in the open field in warm areas of South China, as well as in potted plants and greenhouses. Lily should be cultivated in the open field or greenhouse, and the ground should be planted in a cool, humid and ventilated environment and a semi-cool environment. Continuous cropping is the most taboo, and it is best to choose new planting. Fertile sandy loam with good air permeability and deep soil layer. Before planting, plough deeply 1-2 times, apply sufficient base fertilizer, apply 2,500-3,000 kg of decomposed high-quality farmyard manure, 50 kg of peanut bran, 25 kg of bone meal, 200 kg of plant ash, 30 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 30 kg of potash fertilizer, dig deep and loosen the soil, and shape the ridge into a ridge with a height of 20-25 cm and a ridge width of 80 cm. Disinfect the soil before planting.

The suitable planting period of lily in the open field is from August to September. Potting should be in September -65438+ 10. Potted soil is made of humus soil, coarse sand and garden soil in a ratio of 3: 2: 5, and appropriate amount of plant ash, humus chicken manure, pigeon manure, pig manure or 3-5g compound fertilizer can be applied. Bulb planting depth in the open field 12cm, plant spacing 10- 15cm× 20cm. After planting, the soil should be kept moist, and new buds will break out in 20-30 days. The bottom of potted plants should be paved with 3-4 cm thick coarse sand or cinder blocks as drainage layer, and deep pots are suitable. A flowerpot with a diameter of 20-25 cm can grow 2-3 balls. Potted plants or box plants should be managed in a cool environment as much as possible, and sunshade nets or grass curtains can also be used to avoid direct sunlight and water them properly, whether dry or wet. In case of high temperature and drought or spring and summer drought, straw should be laid to prevent drought and keep the soil moist. Water in the border 1-2 times or spray 1 time. Water should be properly controlled at seedling stage and after cut flowers to prevent bulbs from rotting due to too low soil temperature and too much water. Pay attention to ventilation to make the seedlings grow strong. In the high temperature season in autumn, spray water on the leaves for 2-3 times at noon every day to prevent the soil temperature from exceeding 30℃ and affecting the growth.

Top dressing 2-3 times 20 days after planting. It should be applied every 15 days in the growing period, and it is appropriate to apply liquid fertilizer of decomposed peanut bran, or synthetic fertilizer or urea, with the dosage of 1- 1.5 kg per 100 square meter and potassium oxide-magnesium sulfate dosage of 1-2 kg. Synthetic fertilizers should be applied separately in February-March and after flowering to avoid fluorine-containing and alkaline fertilizers, otherwise it is easy to burn leaves. If iron deficiency is found, 0.2%-0.3% ferrous sulfate solution should be sprayed in time. Spraying 0.2%-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution every 15 days, and topdressing 1-2 times after cutting flowers. Potted plants should be fertilized every two months from February to July, and the fertilizer used is the same as that used in open field planting. The diameter of the dish is 20 cm, and the application amount of the dish is about 5 grams. After application, loosen the soil gently and mix the fertilizer into the soil. Soaked rice washing water can be mixed with water for root application, and 0. 1 urea and special fertilizer solution for flowers can be applied twice a month. When the temperature drops to 5-8℃ in winter, apply 1 time every month. When the temperature drops below 5℃, stop fertilization until the temperature rises. From late February to early March, 8- 10g calcium superphosphate or bone meal was applied to the topsoil at the plate edge. Apply 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, a little borax, magnesium nitrate, etc. Or a special fertilizer for flowers from flower bud to flowering twice a month, which is not suitable for flowering. After flowering, apply nutrient solution fertilizer thinly twice a month to keep the stems and leaves green and promote the growth of new underground bulbs.

2, flowering regulation:

① Promote training. 1 1 Flowering in early February of the following year. The middle ball was treated at 13℃ for 2 weeks (14 days), and then treated at 3℃ for 4-5 weeks (28-36 days) to make it bloom in11-65438+February. If it is required to bloom in1-February, it can be treated at 13℃ for 2 weeks and 8℃ for 4-5 weeks (28-36 days). At this time, the temperature at night after planting is low, which should be kept at about 65438 05℃ by heating.

When the flower bud grows to 1-2 cm in lily cultivation, it is easy to destroy the bud due to insufficient light. Bud elimination usually occurs from the end of 10 to the middle of March of the following year, which can be supplemented by artificial lighting. The method is to hang a 40-watt high-pressure sodium lamp or ordinary waterproof incandescent lamp every 8- 10 square meter, and fill the light from 0.5- 1 cm in front of the bud until the harvest. At the temperature of 65438 06℃, it is very effective to keep the light for about 6 weeks at 8:00 ~ 4:00 pm in Rosty Yi area to prevent flower buds from withering, blossom early and improve the quality of cut flowers.

② Light and temperature control. In order to obtain high-quality cut lily flowers, suitable light and temperature conditions are very important, especially during the differentiation and development of flower buds. For example, the optimum temperature for flower bud differentiation of Lilium longiflorum is 15-20℃. At this time, if it is lower than 10℃ or higher than 30℃, the growth will be slow and the calyx will crack easily. Asian lilies will wither if there is low temperature after budding, and will also wither if there is insufficient light. During the growth process, the daytime temperature is 2 1-23℃ and the nighttime temperature is 15- 17℃. Bulbs that promote cultivation must be stored at 7- 10℃ for 4-6 weeks. Controlling low temperature (9- 13℃) in the early growth stage is beneficial to rooting. However, in the month with strong light, 50% shading net should be used to shade the flowers, so as to avoid the temperature exceeding 30℃, causing the flower stems to be too short and the flower quality to decline.

Fourth, pest control.

Lily has many diseases and insect pests. The main diseases of lily are anthracnose, root rot, gray mold, damping-off and bulb rot. At the early stage of the disease, the diseased plants should be pulled out immediately, sprayed or irrigated with 500-600 times of 50% carbendazim, and mixed with 300g of 50% mancozeb. Healthy bulbs and disease-resistant varieties should be selected when planting, soil and bulbs should be strictly disinfected before planting, rotation should be implemented, and Bordeaux mixture should be sprayed regularly after planting to prevent diseases. For anthrax, 800 times solution of 75% chlorothalonil and 500 times solution of 50% magnesium anthracnose wettable powder were sprayed every 1 day for 2-3 times. At the initial stage of gray mold, 80% mancozeb was sprayed 500 times, or 50% ZK wettable powder 1500 times, 75% chlorothalonil 800- 1000 times or 1% bordeaux solution for 2-0 times every 10 day. In the early stage of Rhizoctonia solani, 500-800 times of 1% bordeaux solution, 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder or 800- 1000 times of 50% jiejunte wettable powder were used to remove diseased leaves, and 1 times was sprayed every 7- 10 days for 3-0 times continuously. Seed dressing with 0.5% pentachloronitrobenzene before planting can prevent bulb rot, and 50% mancozeb can be watered or sprayed 300-500 times in the early stage of disease. Spraying 1000 times of 50% DDVP EC or 1000 times of 20% pyrethroid emulsion can prevent the harm of aphids and grubs.