How to raise small Ye Nan bonsai and how to raise knowledge in small Ye Nan bonsai.

First of all, the source of the residual limb

Wood produced by Machilus miniascape is mainly obtained by the following three methods.

1. Sowing and propagation. From June 1 1 to June 65438+February, when the seeds of Phoebe bournei are fully mature, they are planted in loose and fertile sandy soil (tidal deposit) or humus soil with good drainage. Transplanting with soil began in the nursery in June 5438+the third year 10 after emergence, and potted plants were generally carried out after 6 years of sowing. Through sowing and cultivation, it will take at least 10 years to cultivate a vigorous and simple Runnan stump bonsai.

2. Market purchase. Choose Machilus thunbergii stump with fresh color, fresh incision, no dehydration and dryness of skin, complete taproot, lateral root and fibrous root, and a little clods. Runnan stumps without soil should be soaked in water for one day after being bought and planted to improve the survival rate and germination rate.

3. Mining in Shan Ye. Excavate ancient, simple and beautiful Runnan stumps in Shan Ye or the river bank, and process and cultivate them into bonsai. This method is faster than sowing, propagation and molding, and easier to cultivate and survive than buying in the market.

① Mining time: In principle, the dormant period of Runnan (65438+ 10 to 65438+February) is suitable for mining. However, considering the climatic characteristics, environmental factors and management problems that are conducive to the survival of Phoebe bournei stumps, it is suggested that excavation should be carried out from the end of 65438+ 10 to the beginning of May to avoid cold season and dry weather as much as possible.

(2) Excavation method: First, carefully select Phoebe bournei stumps, and select those whose trunks are thick and old, whose roots and necks swell strangely and protrude out of the ground, or those half of which are hollowed out by termites. According to the shape of Phoebe bournei stump and the requirements of modeling style to be cultivated, the trunk and most branches are cut initially, and then the position of pickaxe is determined according to the distribution of root system. Cut off the main root first, then cut off the lateral root, and dig and shake it to dig out the bare root.

If possible, nanmu stumps should be excavated or taken out with soil every year. Dig 1/2 in the first year, cut off the main roots and part of the lateral roots, and then fill the soil to germinate the fibrous roots; In the second year, dig the remaining 1/2, cut off the remaining lateral roots and dig the whole plant. The survival rate of this method is very high. After digging out the stump, quickly trim the root fracture, then dip it in mud and wrap it tightly with wet rice straw, moss, cattail, cloth and other materials to ensure that the part does not lose water and transport it back to planting as soon as possible.

Second, the cultivation of Phoebe bournei stumps

(1) Because the epidermis of Machilus thunbergii stump is thin, it is easy to lose water and dry up, and the cultivation survival is difficult, so the cultivation method of "one step in place, directly on the pot" is generally adopted to speed up the molding time, improve the survival rate and avoid excessive root damage when on the pot.

1. Root pruning. It is necessary to take into account the survival needs of Phoebe bournei stumps, and it is also conducive to instant potted plants.

2. Trim the branches. Generally, it is required to be leafy, dense, ups and downs, and strive to change. Prune the branches and leaves of Runnan stump, leaving only the trunk and some leaves, but not too many: due to the serious root-cutting injury, especially the low rooting rate of some old stumps, it is not allowed to leave too many branches and leaves, so as to avoid insufficient supply of absorbed water and nutrients and affect the germination rate and survival rate.

3. Post-treatment after pruning. After pruning the nanmu stump with soil, the root wound can be put into the basin after being coated with solutions such as thiophanate, carbendazim and chlorothalonil. If the Machilus thunbergii stump without soil is pruned and soaked in clear water for one day and planted in a pot, it can take root and germinate early (it can germinate in 40-50 days) and improve the survival rate of Machilus thunbergii stump.

Step 4 serve food. When planting newly dug or repurchased Phoebe bournei stumps, soil with loose soil, good drainage and ventilation and moderate fertility should be selected, such as alluvial soil (tidal sediments) and humus soil. When loading the basin, first lay ceramic tiles or broken basin pieces on the drainage pit L at the bottom of the basin, then lay a layer of coarse sand (thickness is about 65438+ 0/4 of the height of the basin), then put the basin soil into the basin and gently compact it by hand. When putting the nanmu stump into the basin, we should pay attention to bringing the soil into the basin and positioning it properly. After adjusting the position of the stump, fill in fine soil for compaction, spread moss, pour water, and wrap moss or wet straw on the old stump and branches to keep moisture; Apply white latex to the wound of the branch, seal the big wound with a film (to prevent the wound from being infected with germs and evaporation of water), and then cultivate it in a cool and sheltered place. In the future, we should keep the basin soil moist and often spray water on stumps, branches and leaves to promote the germination of new roots and leaves.

(2) In addition to the cultivation method of "one step in place, directly serving the pots", other methods can be used, such as wooden boxes, wooden barrels, wooden pots, plastic buckets and plastic pots. Or in situ culture. These methods are generally used when no pot is prepared.

1. The method of cultivating green body in wooden box is basically the same as that in direct pot culture. Before planting piles, 1-3 drainage holes (depending on the size of the wooden box) should be introduced at the bottom of the wooden box (or barrel), tiles should be laid, humus soil should be released, the roots and branches of the dug or bought nanmu stumps should be trimmed clean, and after the wound is treated, the planting box should be filled with soil for compaction and watering. Post-planting management is the same as direct pot breeding, but the wooden box should be placed above 5cm from the ground to enhance the drainage and ventilation performance at the bottom of the box and prevent termites from eating.

2. There are three ways to cultivate blank on the ground. (1) Machilus thunbergii stumps are dug out or directly planted in the nursery after purchase (this method is seldom used because of large root damage and little or no mud); (2) First, dig a hole with the same size as the flowerpot in the nursery, place a layer of plastic floppy disk or screen window for throwing seedlings at the bottom and around the hole, and then put the culture soil to plant Phoebe bournei stumps; (3) On the cement floor, build a pre-pot-sized basket with wooden boards (preferably pine boards, coated with white latex or tung oil before use) or bricks, put human humus in it, and plant a human Runnan stump. Pay attention to shading in the future and spray more water on stumps and branches.

3. Phoebe bournei stumps can be planted on the ground or kept in wooden boxes for one year. Choose a basin before putting it, and prepare well-drained, slightly acidic and humus-rich mountain mud as culture soil. Pad the drainage hole at the bottom of the basin before putting it into the basin, then put in the cultivation soil with a thickness of 2 cm.5 CRA, take out the Machilus yunnanensis stump with mud from the wooden box or nursery (water and fertilization should be stopped for a while before taking the pile), remove some excess soil, cut off rotten roots and withered roots, plant it into the prepared basin, fill the gap around the basin with artificial cultivation soil, spread moss, and maintain it normally after watering.

Thirdly, the processing and modeling of Runnan stake.

1. After the new buds germinate, remove the moss or straw covering the old piles and branches to avoid affecting the growth of the buds. At this time, the new roots have not grown well, so it is necessary to strengthen water management and spray more water on stumps and branches to reduce the evaporation of water on leaves. When the new buds grow to 3 cm and 4 cm, they should be picked, and those that are not suitable and dense should be picked to ensure that the remaining buds grow sturdily. Bud picking can be carried out in 2-3 times. When picking flower buds for the first time, prepare flower buds to prevent accidental injury. After 2-3 months of germination, the root system gradually grows well, and can be moved to a place where the sun can shine every day (except 1 1 until 3 pm) 1-2 hours, and water is poured once every morning and evening (except rainy days), and water is sprayed on the stumps, branches and leaves. The roots of newly planted stumps are tender, so it is not suitable to apply thick fertilizer. Ying Qin applies thin fertilizer.

2. After cultivating the excavated (or purchased) Phoebe bournei stump in September, cut off the redundant branches and shorten the long branches to stimulate the growth of lateral buds under the incision, so that the stump branches 2-3 times a year to increase the number of branches, shorten the spacing between branches at all levels, and make the stump take shape as soon as possible, with an ancient appearance. After the stump is formed, in order to maintain its beautiful shape, it is necessary to cut off too many dense branches, which is also conducive to the balance of nutrient supply and the normal growth of the stump.

The shaping of nanmu stump should be finished after September. According to the thickness of branches, choose the right wire (Phoebe bournei bark is thin and easy to get hurt. Before binding the wire, wrap paper around the wire to avoid hurting the bark or brown silk. If the curvature of bending is large, it should be done in 2-3 times to prevent the branches from breaking or being seriously injured and dying; It is necessary to wrap moss, cloth or wet straw at the bend of the branch, and often spray water at the bend in the future to make the wound (injured tissue) at the bend heal as soon as possible and transport nutrients and water normally. In addition, the newly planted Phoebe bournei stumps should not be bundled prematurely, and must be carried out after they have completely survived, so as not to cause the liquid flow to be blocked and die.

Fourthly, the maintenance and management of bonsai of Phoebe bournei stump.

Runnan bonsai is vulnerable to the influence of external climate and the invasion of pests and diseases because of its little soil and thin fertilizer. Therefore, it is necessary to do a good job in watering, fertilizing, loosening soil, changing pots, preventing cold, controlling pests and diseases, pruning, etc., controlling growth and maintaining the graceful posture of trees.

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2. Fertilization should be based on the principle of applying thin fertilizer frequently (especially the young roots of new stumps). Generally, self-made liquid fertilizer (full fermented cake fertilizer and water) is mainly used, supplemented by purchased chemical fertilizer, as long as it can maintain normal growth and development. Runnan needs a large amount of fertilizer in the flower and fruit period, and more phosphorus and potassium fertilizers such as bone meal, calcium superphosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, plant ash and potassium carbonate should be applied before and after flowering and during fruit expansion. Don't apply too much or too much fertilizer, so as not to damage the tree shape or cause fertilizer damage and plant death due to too many branches and leaves. Phoebe bournei is an acidophilic plant. During the growing period, 0.2%-0.3% ferrous sulfate solution can be sprayed 3-5 times a year. When Phoebe bournei germinates, the urea solution with the concentration of 0. 1% is sprayed 1-2 times; Spraying 0. 1%-0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate before and after flowering.

3. Be careful not to make the soil too wet or too dry when watering. Usually, water is poured once in the morning and evening on rainy days, and more water is sprayed on the trees and branches and leaves at noon on sunny days to provide proper shade. Usually, water is often sprayed on the canopy to remove the dust on the branches and leaves and keep the leaves bright. During the vigorous growth period and when new buds germinate, water more properly. It is advisable to water less during hibernation, keep the soil moist in winter, pay attention to cold protection and protect Nannan bonsai in winter. When it is windy or dry, spray more water on stumps and branches. In order to shorten the branches and leaves to a certain extent and make the shape more beautiful, water can be properly controlled during the spring and summer growth period. If the tender branches and leaves droop, it means water shortage. The treatment method is to pour less bottom water and spray more leaf water, move the plants to the shade and slowly restore growth.

4. Generally, nanmu bonsai should be turned once every 3-4 years, and the time should be before germination in spring. When turning pots, cut off some long and dense old roots and roots, replace 1/2 old soil, and cultivate with fertile and loose culture soil to promote the growth and development of new roots and flourish branches and leaves.

5. Like trees, fruit trees and vegetables. Nanmu bonsai is prone to pests and diseases. Minnan bonsai has a high artistic value and a certain shape, and each branch is very important. And nanmu, a strange and ancient heap scene, is even more incalculable. If the pest control is neglected, the local branches and leaves will be damaged, and the ornamental value will be greatly reduced, resulting in the death of the whole plant and even more serious losses. Therefore, it is necessary to check frequently. If pests and diseases are found, it is necessary to catch them manually or prescribe the right medicine in time to kill them.

The main pests of Phoebe bournei are scale insects, aphids and red spiders. The scale insects can be killed by washing with soapy water manually or spraying 80% dichlorvos 1500 times solution. Spraying aphids with 40% dimethoate diluted into 1500 times solution. Starscream was sprayed with 58% Lei Feng EC for 2000 times.

The main disease of Phoebe bournei is rot, which can be sprayed or irrigated with 12% green milk copper emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times. Sooty blotch will cause defoliation, and the key to control it is to remove scale insects, often spray foliar water and wash dust to make it grow well. It can be prevented and controlled by spraying with lime-sulfur mixture with Baume degree of 0.3-0.5.

Note: Bonsai is for people to enjoy and has frequent contact with people. Therefore, we should pay attention to three points in pest control: ① timely, try to avoid irreparable losses; (2) It is absolutely safe and reliable, and does not cause drug damage; ③ Try not to leave toxicity and odor, so as not to have adverse effects on human body.