New changes in agricultural supply-side reform: what to plant? How to plant it? How much is it?

On March 2017 16, several farmers selected agricultural machinery in agricultural machinery market, Heilongjiang Automobile. Xinhua News Agency reporter Wang Jianwei photo

It is the meaning of the structural reform of agricultural supply side to provide agricultural products that can better meet the needs of consumers with greener and more efficient production, and at the same time let producers and operators obtain more stable income.

From the adjustment of planting structure to the innovation of production and management methods, Xinhua News Agency recently visited fields around the country to record the new atmosphere of agricultural reform this spring.

Life extension in Heilongjiang: Northeast rice production reduction and quality improvement market is more welcome.

With the increase of temperature, the black soil in Northeast China has become soft and moderate in mid-April. Zhang Jingguo, 5 1 year-old, has prepared seedlings and fertilizers, and will go to work in the fields in a few days.

He is a large grain grower in Dong 'an Village, Liutuan Town, Yanshou County, Harbin, with nearly 200 acres of paddy fields. Zhang Jingguo has been growing rice for many years. This year, he intends to try a new variety called "9 16 Daoxiang".

On March 20 17 17, a high-power locomotive was working in the first management area of Longmen Farm in Heilongjiang Reclamation Area to melt snow and disperse moisture. Xinhua News Agency (photo by Lu Wenxiang)

Heilongjiang is the largest commodity grain producing area in China. Northeast rice has been in short supply in the market because of its good taste and strong fragrance. Zhang Jingguo's vision is longer. He wants to take a road that does not emphasize yield and benefit by updating varieties.

"This is a late-maturing variety with an yield of 800 Jin per mu. Although it is 200 kilograms lower than early-maturing varieties, the taste of rice is good, and the market price of one kilogram is 50 cents higher. " Zhang Jingguo said that only by playing the market card can income growth be counted.

Reducing low-end supply and expanding high-end supply are important contents of structural reform of agricultural supply side. This year, the No.1 Document of the Central Committee proposed that grain crops should stabilize the output of rice and wheat, ensure the absolute safety of rations, and focus on developing high-quality rice and strong gluten and weak gluten wheat. Under the guidance of this policy, Zhang Jingguo made a new choice.

Yi county: Expanding the Value Chain of Tea Industry

Spring tea green flag exhibition. April is the new tea season here. Wang, a villager in Meixi village, is busy in the tea garden. Her family has 8 acres of tea gardens, of which 4 acres produce more tea, and the other 3 acres have newly planted tea seedlings this year, which is a high-quality tea variety.

"In the past, every household's tea was a staple food and sold to vendors. It is not easy to sell at a low price. " Wang said that since joining the cooperative, unified technical guidance, unified fertilization, unified green prevention and control, and unified sales, the tea output has increased by 10% compared with the original, and the unit price has increased by 20%. There is no shortage of sales.

Wang's cooperative has more than 500 farmers and planted more than 3,000 acres of organic tea. Li Mingzhi, chairman of the cooperative, said that the main varieties of the cooperative have passed the certification of organic tea. Agricultural companies established by cooperatives are responsible for tea processing, sales and brand operation, registering trademarks and brands, and cooperating with universities to develop autumn tea varieties.

On March 201July 16, the photographer took photos in a rape field in Hongcun Scenic Area, yi county, Anhui. Xinhua News Agency reporter Zhang Duan photo

From tea picking to tea tasting is a new attempt of this cooperative to expand the value chain of tea industry in recent years. This year, the No.1 Document of the Central Committee proposed to vigorously develop the rural leisure tourism industry. Experiential consumption is the new main business of this cooperative. Li Mingzhi said that they developed tea picking and other agricultural experience activities, together with catering and accommodation, which attracted many tourists. Last year, 20,000 people participated in farming experience activities.

In addition to the tea industry, in Yixian County, grain, oil, vegetables and other industries have also developed together with tourism. Last year, the county's total income from leisure agriculture and rural tourism reached 5.9 billion yuan, receiving more than 7 million tourists.

Jinning, Yunnan: The red land is greener.

In mid-April, vegetables such as cucumbers and tomatoes have matured in Jinning County, Yunnan Province. Picking and bagging in one go, farmer Chen's mood is as "hot" as the recent weather.

"Now the price of vegetables is good!" Chen said that this is because he joined the cooperative, and his vegetable purchase has a guaranteed reserve price, so he doesn't have to worry about sales.

Chen's cooperative is a professional cooperative in Jinning County, which mainly grows vegetables. The cooperative signed an agreement with Yunnan Spring International Agricultural Group to produce according to the company's standards. This company has a cooperative production base of10.5 million mu and a self-owned base of 20,000 mu, with an annual output of more than 400,000 tons of vegetables.

Chen, a grower in Jinning County, Yunnan Province, is hanging vines on cucumbers. Xinhua News Agency reporter Yang Jing photo

Companies provide quality standards and sales channels, cooperatives organize standardized production, build production chains, and improve vegetable quality. Jin Songqiong, president of a professional cooperative in Huan, said that in the past, growing vegetables was full of water and fat. After the establishment of the cooperative, the green planting mode will be promoted and the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides will be strictly controlled.

"After cooperative training, I realized the harm of excessive use of chemical fertilizers." Chen said that in the past, it was difficult to master the dosage when growing vegetables. In order to increase the yield, too much chemical fertilizer is often applied, and the leaves of vegetables are often "burnt", which leads to soil hardening in the long run.

Now he applies more organic fertilizer. Although the cost per mu has increased by several hundred yuan, he can plant two crops at a time. The actual cost has not increased much, but the quality has been greatly improved and the selling price has been much higher.

This year, the No.1 Document of the Central Committee proposed to further promote the zero growth of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Nowadays, many vegetable growing areas like Jinning are experiencing a new green revolution.

Lianjiang, Guangdong: labor costs are rising, and large grain growers are in trouble.

At present, the early rice in Jiweitou Village, Yingzai Town, Lianjiang City, Zhanjiang City is thriving and full of vitality in Miao Qing.

Sun Su, a 68-year-old villager, was awarded the title of national grain grower. He began to contract land to grow grain from 1996, which increased from 20 mu in that year to more than 200 mu in 2003 and 350 mu in 2006, and then gradually decreased to 320 mu this year.

Why not plant so many? He said that the cost of hiring people is getting higher and higher as you get older. Lao Sun calculated an account: the cost of seeds, fertilizers, pesticides and labor for an acre of rice ranged from 850 yuan to 900 yuan, and about 750 kilograms of rice was harvested. Early rice sells for 1.35 yuan per catty, late rice sells for 1.38 yuan, and earns per mu 150 yuan to 200 yuan. Planting two seasons a year, 300 acres of land will earn about 50,000 to 60,000 yuan a year.

Lao Sun said that manpower is getting harder and harder, so this year he chose to plant rice directly-so that one person can plant five or six acres a day. If it is artificial transplanting, one person can only plant eight fields a day.

In the harvest season, he will invite more than twenty people, seven or eight people, to dry the millet. It's not easy to hire a person for 100 yuan a day, especially when planting late rice in June. Even if 120 yuan hires a person for a day, it depends on the face of others.

Who are the most invited people? Lao Sun said that most of them are women over 60 years old. If they are 70 years old, he won't dare to hire them for fear of physical problems. The land transfer contract between Sun Su and the villagers expires in one year. Later, he said that he would decide whether to continue planting according to his physical condition.

It is a common local phenomenon that it is difficult to recruit people. At present, the comprehensive mechanization rate of crop cultivation and harvest in China exceeds 65%, and agricultural machinery has become the protagonist of spring ploughing in many places. But here, it is still in the process of changing from manual to mechanized.

This year, the No.1 Document of the Central Committee proposed to improve the subsidy policy for the purchase of agricultural machinery and increase the subsidies for machinery needed for the whole mechanization of crop production, including grain.