West Lake allusions

Boating on the West Lake, while enjoying the lakes and mountains, there are even a group of elegant people drinking tea, listening to music and painting on the lake boat, which greatly expands the function of painting boats. Before the Ming and Qing Dynasties, serious boat reading even appeared repeatedly on the lake.

Feng, a famous scholar in Wanli period of Ming Dynasty, had Wang Xizhi's "Fast Snow Sunny Post" at home. After retirement, I built a villa on the lonely mountain of West Lake, but I was still not satisfied. I also bought a big painting boat and arranged it according to the pattern of the study. This old man with white hair always studies in the boat, which has aroused the admiration of a group of poor literati in Hang Cheng. Later, Wen Qixiang invited his fellow friends to raise funds to build a lake boat, following Feng's example and entertaining himself by reading on the boat.

Gu Ruopu, a talented woman in Qiantang in the early Qing Dynasty, longed for her son to become a dragon. She made a boat on the surface of Houhu Lake from Broken Bridge to Gushan, and let her son read and write articles on the boat. She named it "Reading Boat", and wrote a poem about it: "She lives alone in Yangzi House, and asked him to show the Mijia boat", just like Yang Xiong, a scholar in the Western Han Dynasty, and Mi Fei, a painter and painter in the Northern Song Dynasty.

The most interesting thing is the "boat class" attended by the children of salt merchants opposite Hongqiao in the West Lake in the Ming Dynasty. The students come to school by boat. After the lecture, Mr. Wang arranged a composition topic, let the students get on the boat and finish their homework on the scattered lake. When a drum horn sounded, the students returned to the boat and crossed Hongqiao, dedicated their poems to Mr. Wang, and graded them on the spot, either praising or derogating, adding a little affection to the originally boring study. (Lake Ship Record, Lake Ship Continued Record)

Huanglong Donghui dug a colossus.

Huanglong cave, also known as no doorway, flies into the cave. Maolin Xiuzhu is located at the northern foot of Qixia Mountain in the north of West Lake, which is a beautiful place. Although it is named after a cave, it is actually a Taoist garden, which attracts people in modern times. Before the late Qing Dynasty, it was famous for its Buddhist temples on the lake.

According to legend, during the Ganhu period in the Southern Song Dynasty, Hui Kai, a Zen master who was famous for praying for rain in Huanglong Mountain, Longxing, Jiangxi Province, was invited to the West Lake and lived in Xiaoxuan at the northern foot of Qixialing. One day, thunder rumbled and Skyquake shook, and a big stone cracked on the mountain behind the temple. Cracks are like "Longkou", and a clear spring gushes from Longkou. It is also said that at the beginning of the summer shower, there is often a "sacred object" lying on a big pine tree here, which still emits yellow gas. It is said that Huanglong in Jiangxi once followed Master Hui Kai to the West Lake. Since then, Hui Kai's little buddhist nun has been named Huanglong. Soon, Hangzhou suffered from drought, and Li Zong asked Huikai for rain. Hui Kai accepted the order and retired to the temple to sit quietly. Japanese cases were confused and sent eunuchs to consult. Hui Kai replied, "Keep silent, don't move, and then feel connected." Sure enough, after a while, it rained cats and dogs. Hui Kai told the court that it would rain, and Huanglong did a lot of credit. The imperial court named Huanglong as "the queen of a brainwave" and changed Little buddhist nun to Wang Ren Temple to defend the country.

Hui Kai was named "Buddha's Eye" by the emperor for his meritorious service in praying for rain. However, Hui Kai liked purity and didn't care how much the emperor rewarded him. He still returned to Huanglong Cave, a super dusty mountain forest, to practice Buddhism. Unfortunately, Huikai was born short, and whenever he ascended the throne to talk about Buddhism, he had to improve his "Leo". The monks who came to listen to him often covered their mouths and snickered at this. Although Hui Kai had profound Buddhism, he still couldn't stand being laughed at, so he ordered people to go to the hillside behind the temple and carve stone statues as high as Zhang Yu. He often worships that stone statue, hoping to grow as tall and burly as this stone statue in the afterlife. Later, people regarded this stone statue as a fetus and added it to the full-length portrait of Hui Kai. Unfortunately, this legendary statue failed to escape the turmoil of the Cultural Revolution and was smashed.

Why should the mountain house be gorgeous?

In the forty-sixth year of Emperor Kangxi in Qing Dynasty (1707), local officials in Hangzhou made great efforts to renovate the scenic spots in the West Lake, especially the Gushan area where the palace was located, in order to welcome Emperor Kangxi's sixth southern tour. Every pavilion and pavilion is decorated with heavy colors, for fear that it is not gorgeous enough and bright enough.

There is a centenarian named Zhou Huanshan in Tiantai Mountain who was a guest in Hangzhou. When he heard and witnessed this scene, he didn't agree. He wrote a poem and posted it on the crane pavilion in the lonely mountain. The poem says: "The plum crane is wrapped in gold, and the willow warbler surrounds the pearl." Thick wipe can adapt to the western pollution, and the blue flow knows the chief executive. There is obvious irony in this poem.

At this time, officials sent by the imperial court to check the preparations for receiving drivers have just arrived in Hangzhou. They were very surprised at the fact that the Hangzhou government planned to restore the scenery of the West Lake. They also read Zhou Huanshan's poems in the crane pavilion, and immediately called local officials to reprimand them: "Don't you know that the emperor named this palace" West Lake Mountain House "? The original intention of his old man's house is to advocate thrift and cherish the people's strength. Now you waste so much money, do you still need it? " Immediately, you ordered to stop the decoration, keep everything simple and keep the original appearance. Soon, Kangxi visited the West Lake, and he was very satisfied to see that the lakes and mountains were natural and simple, unlike Jinling (now Nanjing) and Suzhou. When the local officials in Hangzhou secretly rejoiced, they remembered that Zhou Huanshan, who wrote poems, should be rewarded and sent someone to look for him. The old man has returned to his Tiantai Mountain.

Fenghua Xue Yue Lover Bridge

Erlong Mountain, from the foot of Yue Lun Mountain to the southern edge of West Lake Scenic Area, was once the seat of Zhijiang University, one of the four famous missionary universities in East China, and now it is a branch of Zhejiang University, commonly known as the third branch of Zhejiang University. 19 16, Stuart Hualin, the younger brother of Si Tuleideng, an American "China expert", was appointed as the president of Zhijiang University. In order to facilitate the passage of teachers and students, he ordered a wooden bridge to be built on the mountain stream between Toulongtou and Erlongtou. The trees around the bridge are lush, and the mountain springs under the bridge are suffocating and pour into a pool of clear water. Birds are singing and flowers are fragrant during the day, and there are few stars in the moon at night, which is very elegant and pleasant. It was once chosen as a charming place for "people dating after dusk" by boys and girls in "Seeds of Love", and even younger teachers occasionally go there, so it has the reputation of "lover bridge". Xia, master of Ci,1taught at Zhijiang University in the 1930s. He wrote in Tian Fengge's Ci Diary (193 1 May 13): "How can night harmony listen to the lovers' bridge? The stars are in the sky, everything is like a dream, and we talked for a long time. 》

The West Lake is very beautiful, and it has been the victory of love since ancient times. There are many bridges related to lingering sadness. For example, the broken bridge, in "Legend of the White Snake", one of China's four classical legends, Xu Xian and the White Snake Empress met here and helped each other back to the city; Later, we met here again and made up again. It was interpreted as "Meet at the Broken Bridge", which is a passbook drama with many plays as reserved plays. Another example is Xiling Bridge, which was called "Su Xiaoxiao Knots Concentric" in ancient times. According to legend, Su Xiaoxiao, a geisha in Southern Qi Dynasty, was brilliant and self-respecting. She met a talented young Ruan Yu on a bus trip, and they fell in love at first sight. Su Xiaoxiao said, "My concubine rides an oil-walled car, and she straddles the green horse. The knot is concentric, under the pine and cypress in Xiling (Xiling). Due to the current situation and life experience, it was difficult for Su Xiaoxiao to reconcile with Ruan Yu during the Qin Jin period, and he finally fell ill. After his death, he was buried next to Xiling Bridge, and the tomb pavilion was named Mucai Pavilion. Another example is the Long Bridge, which is a hundred paces long and is one of the scenic spots on the lake. In the Southern Song Dynasty, there was a tragedy of double suicide: a young woman, Tao Shier, fell in love with a scholar, Wang, and her stepmother made mischief and obstructed her in every way. Tao and Wang visited the West Lake at night, and both drowned in the depths of the lotus under the long bridge and fought to death. People in Hang Cheng sighed, and some people sang songs to mourn, so this long bridge was called "double-throw bridge" from now on.

In the West Lake Ci with love as its theme, there is a poem that is comparable to Su Causeway Sidi Bridge: "Maojiabu's head is flat, and Sidi Bridge's shadow is horizontal. Flowers flying outside the bridge are like waves, and the deep water next to the bridge is like love. In the old society, the dike bridge was connected to Maojiatun, and the water under the bridge was particularly deep. The willows on both sides of the bridge are shaded. With this simple and profound poem, Diqiao is another lover's bridge in the West Lake.

Inspiration Guanyin laughter legend

Shangtianzhu Temple, located at the foot of Bai Yunfeng, was founded in wuyue in the Five Dynasties. It is the prestigious Guanyin Dojo in the West Lake Buddhist Temple.

According to legend, in the fourth year of Tianfu at the end of Jin Dynasty (939), Taoist monks went deep into the virgin forest under Baiyun Peak to practice. One night, he saw the sparkling mountain stream in front of the temple. When he came near, it was a shiny piece of wood. He brought the wood back and found that its texture and color were very different from ordinary wood, and it gave off a strange smell. The next day, Daoxu sent Xiangmu to the famous Confucius Wood Carving Workshop in the city and asked him to carve a statue of Guanyin. It is said that after Kong Renqian's woodcarving was imaged, he saw the beautiful and solemn appearance of Guanyin, and he was bejeweled, so he had evil thoughts. He immediately carved another Guanyin statue in the same way in an attempt to confuse the real with the fake. I don't know. On the night of his juggling, Guanyin had a dream for Daoxu, exposing the trick of Kong Carpenter. Daoxu still welcomed Xiangmu Guanyin back to the temple.

During the Ganyou period of the later Han Dynasty, Luoyang monks brought an ancient relic (the ashes of a Buddha or a monk) from Xunzi to Shangtianzhu and put it on the top of the statue of Xiangmu Guanyin. Since then, Guanyin is like salt and white. King Qian Hongshu of wuyue was surprised when he heard the news. He immediately sent troops to open the road from the lower Tianzhu to the upper Tianzhu, and allocated funds to build Kannonji, the predecessor of the upper Tianzhu Temple.

In the early years of Xianping in the Northern Song Dynasty, Hangzhou was early. When Zhang Quhua, the magistrate of that year, heard that the Guanyin statue in Shangtianzhu was "magical", he led the ceremonial team, preached with banners, welcomed the Xiangmu Guanyin statue to Brahma Temple in the south of the city, prayed devoutly, and asked Master Guanyin to rain to save the famine. It happened that it rained that day, and Guanyin in Tianzhu became famous from then on. In case of natural and man-made disasters, local officials in Hangzhou came to ask for help, claiming to be inspired by Guanyin, which is like Putuo Mountain, the "hometown" of Guanyin.

In the Qing Dynasty, Liang Zhangju was skeptical about the "magic test" of the supernatural Guanyin in Tianzhu, because he found from his own personal experience that praying for the supernatural Guanyin for many years also came to an end. He pointed out that the official invitation to Guanyin to go down the mountain to pray for rain is actually a routine of ordinary people. If there is rain, it is the spirit of Guanyin and the grace of the court; If it doesn't rain, it means that praying is insincere and the ceremony is not enough, but Master Guanyin is always tested by God.

The most ridiculous thing is that when the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom troops attacked Hangzhou for the second time in the eleventh year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty (186 1 year), Wang Youling, the governor of Zhejiang Province, knew nothing about military intelligence at ordinary times and kept it secret in private. At this time, he was at a loss, so he invited Guanyin, the inspiration of Tianzhu, to the Haihui Temple in Wu Shan, and went up the mountain to burn incense and pray for God's help every day. As a result, after fierce fighting, the Taiping Army captured Hang Cheng and other officials of the Qing army 100 or committed suicide or was captured, but Master Guanyin did not.'

It is also elegant to stop at the West Lake by boat.

Since ancient times, buying a boat to visit the West Lake has been a great pleasure, and even some people are interested in traveling and are good at creativity. They love to take the boat as their home, wander in the sky all day long, enjoy returning home among the lotus roots at Liuhua Bridge and spend the night on the lake.

In ancient times, ships stayed at the West Lake in hot summer, which was the most popular in the Southern Song Dynasty. On a hot summer night, small boats and big ships generally don't go to the relatively closed Lihu Lake, but occupy a wide and shady place with deep flowers and deep willows, or stay in the middle of the lake until dawn.

At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Zhang Dai liked to sleep in a boat between ten miles of lotus flowers after the moonlight was deeper and everyone dispersed. Therefore, when the lotus is fragrant, people can have a long dream.

Gong Dingzi, a poet in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, took his wife on a boat trip to the lake on the evening of May 14th. The lake is full of wind, the moon is bright as a wash, the stars are gathered, and the sky is blue. When they came back from swimming, they tied the boat under the building, but instead of going ashore, they stripped Ling Zi from the boat and cooked it. At this time, the sound was silent and there were fewer lights on the balcony. Looking around the lake, it is quiet and peaceful. Only the green mountains around seem to drip to the bottom of the cup from time to time. The poet can't help but sigh: "The West Lake has a thousand years of scenery, and only we are enjoying this night!"

Boating in the West Lake in autumn night is also very interesting. Wang Yan, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, wrote in the poem "Three Tans Printing the Moon": "The tower is divided into Suhu Shipyard, and the mirror is boiled with water. The flute tells where Yun Qi is, and Bo Xin feels that the old dragon sleeps. " Water around the tower in the poem. Later, Gao Lian of the Ming Dynasty listed the old base site of Zhouhu Three Pagodas in late autumn as one of the "secluded tours" of the West Lake at four seasons, because he could sit alone in the boat and enjoy the special sight of wild geese competing for habitat and pecking and falling to the ground.