I want to grow citrus, but recently I often see some information in my circle of friends that Hubei is not cold-tolerant, such as Wogan, Ignorant Fire. What should I plant?

As a newly developed late-maturing citrus, Wogan has the characteristics of vigorous tree growth, early fruit and high yield, beautiful fruit shape, tender meat, sweet juice, high sugar and low acid, and easy cultivation and management, which is very popular among fruit farmers. At present, the enthusiasm for planting Wogan is very high, and the planting is also very rapid.

Know Vogan.

Morphological characteristics: the crown is naturally round at first, with strong growth potential, and gradually opens after fruiting; There are short thorns on the top branches, and the green color is thicker; The leaves are dense, broadly lanceolate, the tip of the leaf is gradually pointed, the leaf base is wedge-shaped, the leaf margin is entire, and the wings are linear; Flowers are small, petals are white, styles are tall and erect, anthers are pale yellow, and pollen vitality is high. Fruit oblate, medium size, orange or orange-red.

Phenological period: spring shoots germinate from early February to mid-February, summer shoots germinate from early May to early July, and autumn shoots germinate from early August to mid-August; The initial flowering period is in late March, the full flowering period is in early April, the final flowering period is in the middle and late April, and the fruit ripening period is mostly from early February to late March of the following year.

Fruiting habit: This variety mainly uses early autumn branches as fruiting mother branches, and the fruiting branches are mostly leaflike flowers, and the fruit setting rate in the middle and lower parts of the crown is generally high.

Fruit characteristics: the ripe fruit has orange-red surface, smooth peel, fine oil cells, closed top, slightly concave surface near the fruit stalk, and single fruit weight1/kloc-0 ~ 230 g; The peel is tightly wrapped, but it is easy to peel off from the capsule. The pulp is orange-red, the juice cell is small and short, the capsule wall is thin, the pulp is tender and residue, and the juice is sweet.

Main advantages

The price of late ripening is high: the maturity period is around the Spring Festival, and the harvest period is1~ March, which is in the off-season of fruit, and the market price is good at this time.

Excellent fruit: the fruit is oblate, the peel is orange-red, smooth and beautiful, easy to peel, and the pulp is tender and slag, which consumers like. The soluble solids in the harvest period reached 13. 1%.

High yield: if trees are well managed in three or four years, the yield per plant can reach 50~ 100 Jin, or even two or three hundred Jin.

Easier to cultivate: Compared with Maogu Citrus, which is also a late-maturing citrus, it does not need to be spread on a large area to prevent sunburn, saving labor and time.

Some shortcomings

(1) due to fast growth, many fruits and improper management, it is easy to appear missing items and sizes. Especially in Vogan, which uses Fructus Aurantii as the rootstock, the above problems are more serious because of its high yield and too many fruits.

(2) There are many vertical thick branches, which often cause mechanical damage to leaves and fruits and affect fruits.

③ It is easy to be infected with canker, and Vogan's thorn contributes to the prevalence and spread of canker.

(4) The mature period is in the cold winter season, and there is a risk of fruit drop; Quick deacidification and poor storage after harvest.

Brief introduction of cultivation techniques of Wogan

Garden selection

Soil conditions: Wogan has wide adaptability to soil, but to achieve high and stable yield, it is necessary to have deep soil layer, loose and fertile soil, pH value between 5.5 and 6.5, and groundwater level below 60cm. A lot of water is needed in the period of new shoot growth and fruit expansion, so the garden should be irrigated close to the water source.

Climatic conditions: Wogan has moderate cold tolerance and is suitable for planting in citrus producing areas. The annual average temperature is 17.5℃. During frosting, fruit trees should be covered with plastic film on the crown to prevent freezing.

Field planting

Planting time: Generally, it can be planted after the new bud matures and before the next new bud germinates, depending on soil preparation, weather, labor and other conditions. It is better to plant in spring, autumn and winter, and it is suitable for planting on cloudy days with rising temperature and less rainfall.

Planting method: Dwarfing and close planting are often adopted in combination with variety characteristics and management level. Generally, the plant spacing is 2~3m, the row spacing is 3~4m, and 80~ 1 10 plants are planted per mu.

The planting pit is 0.8 m×0.8 m×0.6m in length, width and depth. When digging the pit, the topsoil and core soil are stacked separately, and 5~ 10kg of soil miscellaneous fertilizer, 3kg of weeds, 0.5kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 0.5kg of lime are put in each pit. When returning to the pit, put weeds and lime into the bottom layer, and mix the soil miscellaneous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and topsoil evenly before returning to the pit.

Select healthy seedlings with good plant type, complete root system and no quarantine diseases. Bare-rooted seedlings should be cut off at the end before planting and rooted with yellow mud. Nutrient bag seedlings can be planted directly without treatment. Large and small seedlings are planted separately, which is convenient for later management.

Put the seedlings in the center of the pit, naturally spread out the roots and straighten them, while backfilling the soil, gently lift the seedlings and compact them, and cultivate them into a 1 tree disk with a height of 30cm and a diameter of 60cm, paying attention to exposing the soil surface about 5cm. Pouring sufficient root water, and pouring 1 0 times of water in 7~ 10 days according to weather conditions until the rainy season. It is best to cover the tree tray with straw or weeds or plastic film.

Seedling management

Fertilizer and water management: in 1~2 years, the main purpose of Wogan is to quickly cultivate the crown, and fertilization should follow the principle of diligent application and thin application, with root application as the main factor and foliar fertilizer as the supplement.

Pay attention to the combined use of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer, mainly nitrogen fertilizer, supplemented by phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 4: 1:2, so there will be more combined roots.

In winter and spring dormancy, organic fertilizer should be applied as base fertilizer at one time, and decomposed organic fertilizer 15~20kg should be applied to each plant, and a moderate amount of element fertilizer and medium and trace element fertilizer should be applied.

Apply "one branch and three fertilizers" to each new shoot, that is, pre-bud fertilizer (before germination 10 day), shoot-attacking fertilizer (when new shoots spread leaves) and strong shoot fertilizer (after leaves turn green). High-nitrogen compound fertilizer can be sprayed to enhance the vegetative growth of trees, promote the emergence of strong seedlings, and make them expand rapidly to form high-yield trees.

Proper use of gibberellin every time new shoots open leaves can promote new shoots to grow longer and leaves to grow wider, especially during autumn shoots, spraying gibberellin 1~2 times can also effectively inhibit young trees from flowering; When each bud turns green, potassium dihydrogen phosphate is added in combination with pest control to promote bud aging.

Overall pruning: the water and fertilizer conditions are good and the young trees in Wogan are extremely strong. New shoots can germinate 5-6 times a year in southern Guangxi and 4-5 times in northern Guangxi. If the branches are cut short at an inappropriate time, they will grow alone or lead to clumping.

Therefore, after the seedlings are planted, the heights of dry land and paddy field are 30~40cm and 40~50cm, respectively, and the new buds are cut short according to the method of "one fork and three branches", that is, about three uniform and stout branches are left on each branch, and the redundant branches should be removed, and they should be cut short by 20~25cm when they are mature to promote the germination of new buds. You can also put long branches with light pruning.

Result tree management

Fertilizer and water management: Fertilize according to the principle of "combining nitrogen in spring, potassium in summer and autumn, spraying water on organic matter during the expansion period, and then applying it after harvest to promote recovery", apply organic matter base fertilizer in winter and spring dormancy period again, and reasonably apply fertilizer before flowering, fruit strengthening and autumn shoot release. The specific amount of fertilization should be determined according to the age of the tree, the size of the crown and the amount of fruit hanging.

Fertilization can promote bamboo shoots and flowers 10~ 15 days before spring shoots germinate, with available nitrogen fertilizer as the main fertilizer and spraying more roots; Apply stable fruit fertilizer before and after flowering, mainly available nitrogen fertilizer, with organic fertilizer; Fertilization can promote shoots and strengthen fruits. Before the autumn shoots germinate 15 days, furrow can be opened to apply organic fertilizer balance or trace element fertilizer in high-potassium compound fertilizer. Weak trees with many fruits can be sprayed once to help restore tree vigor, and those with good tree vigor can be sprayed again after 10 days. And pay attention to timely increase the application of trace elements such as boron, magnesium, calcium, zinc and iron through foliar fertilization.

For water management, irrigation should be carried out during drought and discharge should be carried out during flood. During the germination, flowering and fruiting of spring shoots, timely irrigation and moisture preservation should be carried out to prevent spring drought; After the autumn shoots mature, they should be properly watered to promote flower bud differentiation; Pay attention to controlling water and increasing sugar accumulation during fruit ripening.

Pruning: Pruning of fruiting trees should focus on cultivating high-quality fruiting mother branches and follow the principle of "appropriately retaining spring shoots, cutting summer shoots, uniformly releasing autumn shoots and strictly controlling winter shoots". In other words, the sporadic early buds are artificially erased, and the early buds are removed and kept together, thus promoting more, orderly and robust new buds. Based on the principles of density, short, long and weak, leave 6-7 leaves on the clustered branches for coring, and leave 2-3 strong shoots in different directions when the spring shoots are 5 cm long.

The competition between summer shoots and young fruits for nutrients causes a lot of fruit drop, so it is necessary to wipe the newly sprouted summer shoots 3~5cm in time to prevent fruit drop. Pick every 7~ 10 day/time until the end of June or before autumn shooting 15 days. Erase sporadic buds from early August to the first half of September. For weak trees, a small amount of late autumn shoots can be smeared, and the rest and winter shoots can be smeared. Winter pruning is mainly based on ventilation and light transmission, reasonable branch distribution and compact crown. Cut off the branches of pests and diseases and burn them centrally.

Treatment of crown thorns

Young Vogan trees are prone to thorns on their branches, and it is easy to sting the fruit after fruiting. In order to inhibit the growth of thorns, one is to control the application of nitrogen fertilizer and apply more phosphorus and potassium fertilizers; Second, don't sparse buds before putting new shoots, leave more buds to reduce the number of thorns, and then sparse branches and weak branches after the new shoots mature; Third, when the thorn grows bigger and bigger, it should be wiped off by hand before the new bud turns green, and cut off with scissors when the new bud matures.

Guo Hua management

Wogan flowers are abundant, the fruit setting rate is high, and there are few fruit drops in the later period, which easily leads to insufficient nutrition supply, poor development, small fruit, rough peel and poor quality, and also causes the phenomenon of fruit bearing in different years.

So shake the main branches every 2~3 days when they are in full bloom to help the small fruits turn green when they see the light. Old and weak trees should be applied with quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer before flowering, and foliar fertilizer should be sprayed once a week in bud stage. It is not recommended to spray gibberellin to protect the fruit so as not to thicken it.

On the first day of the lunar new year, after the physiological fruit drop, the fruit becomes thinner, leaving about 300. When you are young, you should pay attention to spraying Trim high-purity potassium dihydrogen phosphate () to get a bumper harvest.