Ask for the specific introduction of jstars courtyard.

The Qiao Family Courtyard is located in the middle of Qiaojiabao Village in Qixian County. This is a magnificent building complex, overlooking the courtyard layout from high altitude, which looks like a double "hi" symbol of good luck. The whole compound covers an area of 8,724 square meters, with a building area of 3,870 square meters. It is divided into six courtyards, 20 small courtyards and 3 13 rooms. The courtyard looks like a castle, facing the street on three sides, surrounded by a closed brick wall, more than three feet high, with a parapet and a watchtower on it, which is safe and firm and magnificent. Its exquisite design and exquisite craftsmanship fully reflect the unique style of residential buildings in Qing Dynasty in China, which has high ornamental, scientific research and historical value. It is indeed an unparalleled treasure house of art, which is rightly praised by experts and scholars as "a pearl in northern residential buildings". No wonder some people said with emotion after visiting: "The royal family has the Forbidden City, and others live in the Qiao family."

Entering the gate of Qiaojiayuan is an 80-meter-long straight stone tunnel, which divides six courtyards into two rows, north and south, with slope protection on both sides of the tunnel. At the end of the west is the ancestral hall of the Qiao family, which corresponds to the distant gate. There are four main buildings in the compound, including six gatehouses, watchtowers and watchtowers. There are walkways on the roof of every hospital to patrol and protect the hospital. Looking at the whole hospital, from the outside, it is majestic and tall, neat and dignified; Looking into the courtyard, it is resplendent and orderly, showing the living style of feudal families in northern China. The whole compound, with strict layout, exquisite architecture and diverse specifications, not only has a sense of beauty as a whole, but also has its own characteristics in local buildings, even the 140 chimney on the roof has its own characteristics. Pavilions, carved beams and painted buildings, and golden powder piles in the whole courtyard fully demonstrate the superb architectural art level of the working people in ancient China, and are indeed rare artistic treasures.

The compound was built in the 20th year of Qing Qianlong (A.D. 1756). It was expanded twice and repaired once. The first expansion was presided over by Qiao Zhiyong during the Tongzhi period of the Qing Dynasty, and the second expansion was in the middle and late Guangxu period, with Qiao Jingyi and Joe in charge. The last revision was completed by Joe and Qiao Yingkui ten years after the Republic of China. It took nearly two centuries from the construction to the final completion of the current pattern. Although the time span is very long, the subsequent expansion and addition can be carried out according to the original idea, so that the whole courtyard style is consistent and integrated.

According to the traditional name, there are three courtyards in the north of the Qiao Family Courtyard, which are called Old Courtyard, Northwest Courtyard and Study Courtyard in turn from east to west. The three courtyards in the south are Southeast Courtyard, Sananing Courtyard and New Courtyard. The names of the North and South Six Courtyards show the architectural order of each courtyard of the Qiao Family Courtyard.

During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, part of the place where the Qiao Family Courtyard was located happened to be the intersection of streets and lanes in Qiaojiabao Village. After Joe separated from his two older brothers, he bought several homesteads at the northeast corner of the crossroads and built a building. The main building is a brick building, the top of which is hard, with brick and wood structure, windows and no doors, and stairs are built indoors. It is characterized by thick walls and small windows. It is strong and firm, and it is a courtyard five miles away. To the east of the main building is the original house, which has also been decorated into a side yard. It also converted the second entrance of the side courtyard into a bookstore, which is the earliest courtyard of the Qiao family courtyard and the old courtyard. According to legend, there used to be a five-temple outside the courtyard, and there were two locust trees in front of the temple, which were surprisingly long and people called them "sacred trees". After the Qiao family obtained the right to use this land, they originally planned to move the temple instead of the tree. Later, Joe had a full dream at night. In the dream, Jin told him, "If a tree moves, it will be born; if a temple moves, it will be rich; if it is suitable, the trees of the ancestors will also move together. Four or five steps east is where the tree lives. Move the temple without moving the tree, the tree is not rich ... "Soon, the tree will die. Joe America was afraid of offending the gods, so he moved the tree according to the instructions in his dream. This tree has really come back to life, and its branches and leaves are as lush as before. This seems to be a kind of "true god's manifestation", which really has its god, so a five-hall was built in front of the side courtyard, which still exists today. At the same time, there is a big brick-carved underground palace between the main courtyard and the side courtyard, carved with stone mountains and ganoderma lucidum deer. There are four brick lions and a handle of Ruyi on the forehead of the land god, which is a metaphor for "the four seasons of Ruyi". There are also phoenix trees and pine trees on the temple wall, and six pairs of deer are combined together, which means "Liuhe is smooth".

After Qiao Zhiyong took power, he continued to build a big house for Everbright. He bought a large homestead in the alley on the west side of the old courtyard and built a building compound, which is also five miles away, forming a two-story confrontation. The main building is a structure of exposed columns hanging from the top of the mountain. Guomen, the bayonets of the gatehouse are silver riding deer and Baizitu woodcarving. The floor has a balcony corridor. In the corridor, there is a brick railing in front, with a picture of a hundred grapes in the middle and nightshade and magpies in the east. In the west, herons play lotus flowers and sparrows play chrysanthemums. There is a wood carving on the top, engraved with the image of Bo Gu of Solanum nigrum. You can see the whole hospital from the balcony. Because the two floors of the courtyard are juxtaposed with alleys and the north and south buildings are inclined, it is called "double ingot" style.

After the Ming Building was completed, Qiao Zhiyong built two quadrangles opposite the second floor, which made the four courtyards just located at the four corners of the intersection of streets and lanes, laying the foundation for later integration.

In the middle and late Guangxu period, the local public security was unstable. In order to protect their own safety, Qiao's family and Jingyan spent a lot of money to buy the right to occupy the street at that time. After the jstars took possession, they blocked the alley, and the alley built the northwest courtyard and the side courtyard of Sainaning. Blocked the street corner in the east and built the city gate; The ancestral temple was built in the west; Outside the courtyard on the second floor in the north, it was expanded into two outer courtyards and two new gates were built. There is a fence cross frame in the courtyard, with arches as bridges, connecting the north and south courtyards, forming a castle-like building complex.

In the early years of the Republic of China, the population of the Qiao family increased and the housing was insufficient, so they bought land and expanded to the west. Ten years after the Republic of China, Joe and Qiao Yingkui built a new courtyard similar to the southeast courtyard next to Sainaning. However, the windows are all carved with large lattice glass, decorated with western style, and the Zhu Guang effect is also very good, obviously the style has changed. Even the wall facing the door in the yard is carved very carefully. At the same time, the northwest courtyard was also designed and transformed by Joe, which separated the open gallery connecting the outer courtyard with the old courtyard and transformed it into the living room together with the original kitchen. A toilet was built next to the living room, and a "foreign toilet" was built, adding exotic customs.

Near the northwest courtyard, there used to be a small courtyard, which was the home of the jstars, so it was called the study courtyard. After separation, Qiao Jian planned to build an inner garden and bought a full set of rockeries from a shabby family in Taigu County. Just before the construction, the "July 7th Incident" broke out, the Japanese invaded China, and the project stopped. During the Japanese occupation, the whole family fled, leaving an empty yard, leaving only some family members to take care of it. Today, the Qiao Family Courtyard has become a dazzling pearl in the northern dwellings.

The gate of the jstars courtyard is an arched doorway with a high top floor. In the middle of the top floor, there is a plaque presented by Empress Dowager Cixi, which reads "Blessing nirvana in fire". A pair of big copper rings on the scorched earth beast street are mounted on the black painted door leaves, and a pair of couplets are inlaid on the copper floor: "Children and grandchildren are wise, and the home will be big; Brothers are fat at home. " Between the lines, it reveals Master Joe's hope and pursuit of nave. Maybe this is the way to manage the family. After several generations' efforts, Joe has achieved prosperity in nave.

At the top of the gate, there is a piece of bluestone embedded in the center, which reads "antique". The vigorous brushwork and the original intention of inheriting the ancient simple lifestyle represented by these two words complement each other and are intriguing. On the mask wall opposite the gate, there is a brick carving of "Hundred Years of Life", with the same words and elegant words. On both sides of the wall are meaningful sealed couplets inscribed by Qing dynasty ministers left: "It is harmful to learn from nature and accumulate morality." The amount is "shoes and". This is in line with the golden mean that the Qiao family, a big businessman, advocates and values harmony. Enter the gate and walk through the long tunnel. At the end of the west is the Qiao's Ancestral Hall carved with dragons, which corresponds to the gate. The ancestral hall is decorated with three steps, and the temple structure is decorated with lion head columns, white marble carvings, long-lived handrails and wooden fans. The eaves are supported by four pillars, two of which are bright and two are dark. There are hollowed-out woodcarvings of Yushu Jiaorong, Lan Xin Guifu and Luo Teng Raosong on the stigma, which are beautifully decorated and magnificent. There is a plaque on his forehead, and the words "Zhou Ren Puyi" were written by Li Hongzhang. The ancestral hall used to display the ancestral tablets with three layers of wood carvings.

The tunnel divides the six courtyards into two rows, north and south. The three courtyards in the north are all open doors with hidden columns and corridors, which are convenient for cars and cars to enter and exit. There are horse pillars and stones outside the door. Counting from east to west, the first and second hospitals are houses with three entrances and five rings, which are typical buildings in Qixian area, and are connected by a hall inside and outside. The north of the inner court is the main room, with two floors, corresponding to the gatehouse of the outer court, which is magnificent. From the entrance of the main courtyard to the main room above, it is necessary to walk three steps in Lian Deng, which not only implies the auspicious meaning of "connecting the third level" and "climbing high and looking far", but also is the scientific arrangement of the architectural level.

The South Third Hospital is a four-in-one room with two entrances and two exits. On the hard top of the mountain, there is a stepped gatehouse, which spans in the west and in the east. The middle and the other two houses are slightly different. The front is the main room, and there is a side door at the air duct of the main hall that communicates with the side room. The whole row of south courtyard, the main courtyard is inhabited by ethnic minorities, and the partial courtyard is a flower garden and a servant dormitory. The roof of each main courtyard of the South Courtyard is covered with a watchtower, and the corresponding watchtower is equipped to connect the whole courtyard.

The Qiao Family Courtyard is famous in the world, not only because it has magnificent houses as a complex, but also because it embodies exquisite architectural skills in every brick, tile, wood and stone. Brick carvings, woodcuts and colored paintings can be seen everywhere in the Sixth Hospital of North and South. From the door structure, there are hard mountain single-eaved brick gatehouse, half-eaved door, stone carving side-span door, one bucket with three liters and eleven pairs of inclined instrument doors. The forms of windows include imitation rosewood window, ceiling diamond window, grille window, carved window, double window, suspended window and large lattice window. , multifarious, emerge in endlessly. From the roof, there are rest peaks, hard peaks, suspended peaks, shed roofs and bungalow roofs. They form flat, low, high, convex, ridgeless, ridged, upturned and hanging arcs ... Every place is unique, which is really pleasing to the eye and memorable.

Woodcarving: quadrangles are even more charming. They are exquisite board painting techniques and exquisite woodcarving art that can be seen everywhere. All carvings have their own folk customs. Different figures are engraved on the main entrance of each courtyard. For example, the main entrance of the first hospital is the rolling gate building, which has hanging columns and hemp leaves. Last month's Liang Douzi, Ka Fengyun Zi and thirteen dry fights, including column fights, gladiators, mixed fights and nine crows, are excellent techniques. The second door, like the first door, is a chrysanthemum bayonet with dry lines on the window and a grass dragon rotating disk in the middle. The woodcarving bayonet of Sanmen is a picture of a hundred grapes.

There is a three-star picture on the woodcarving at the main entrance of the Second Hospital, also known as a three-star photo. The woodcarvings at the entrance of the Second Hospital are: Flower Bo Gu and God of Wealth XiShen. This painting "Flower Bo Gu" is a kind of miscellaneous painting. Song Huizong, the Grand View of the Northern Song Dynasty, ordered people to compile and paint the antiquities hidden in Xuanhe Hall, and make a "map of Bo Gu". Later generations painted on utensils, forming decorative handicrafts, commonly known as "Bo Gu". For example, The Picture of Bo Gu decorated with flowers and fruits is called Flower Bo Gu. The main gatehouses are the Antarctic fairy riding deer and the ancient philosophers' map. Other woodcarvings include God Bless the People, Risheng Yuan Yue, Kirin pine nuts, Lucky Treasure, Fu Lushou Samsung and Hehe Erxian. Harmony two immortals, also known as "harmony two saints", is a kind of folk fairy tale painting. Tian Rucheng's Travel Notes on the West Lake in the Ming Dynasty said: "Song Sui went to the city to worship ten thousand brothers in the twelfth lunar month. He looks disheveled, dressed in green, with a drum in his left hand and a stick in his right. Cloud is the' God of Harmony'. Sacrifice can make people thousands of miles away go home, so it is called ten thousand times. " Later, it was divided into Er Shen and called "Hehe Erxian". The two immortals are also smiling, holding a lotus and a round lotus in their hands, which means "harmony and harmony". In the past, the hall was usually hung at weddings to show good luck.

In addition, there are many kinds of wood carvings on the stigma. Such as the Eight Horses, the Pine Bamboo and the Grape, it shows that vines are long and fertile, tall and strong; Hibiscus, Osmanthus fragrans, Evergreen, representing Millennium wealth; The wooden clip fan passing through the hall is engraved with large relief "Flowers bloom in four seasons" and "Birthday of the Eight Immortals", which is one of the traditional decorative patterns. "Eight Immortals Offering Birthdays" is the legendary Eight Immortals such as Han Zhongli, Zhang, Han Xiangzi, Li Tieguai, Cao Guojiu, Lan Caihe and He Xiangu who celebrated the birthday of the Queen Mother of the West in Yaochi. The picture thus formed is beautiful and lifelike. There are more than 300 woodcarving artworks in the hospital, so I won't list them here.

Brick carving: Brick carving technology can be seen everywhere with a wide range of subjects. There are wall carvings, ridge carvings, screen carvings and handrail carvings. For example, there are four lions carved on the gate of a hospital, that is, four lions spit clouds. The horse's head is carved with "Harmony Two Immortals" carrying gold and silver treasures. Orchids are engraved on the collar. The wall is hung with "tortoise back brocade", which is a traditional decorative pattern and a continuous geometric figure composed of hexagonal skeletons. Its name is because it is like the back of a turtle. In ancient times, tortoise shell was used as a tool for divination and was regarded as a sign of good or bad luck. The ancient book "Yi Shu Ji" said: "A thousand years of turtle hair, living for five thousand years is called a god turtle, and living for ten thousand years is called a spirit turtle." Turtle is a spirit with a long life, which is used as a pattern to show good luck and prolong life. There is a large brick altar opposite the gate of the First Hospital, carved with pine trees, tung trees and nine deer riding on the stone mountain of Taihu Lake, indicating that the Nine Roads are unblocked. There are four lions rolling hydrangeas on the pillar; Five handrails are carved on the wall of the south room of the First Affiliated Hospital, with a picture of a hundred grapes in the middle, indicating that the vines are long and fertile, and the other four squares are "Bo Gu pictures". Four seasons flowers are carved on the horse's head of the main courtyard of the First Hospital. There are four fruits and "dark eight immortals" on the horse head of the Second Hospital. "The Eight Immortals of Darkness" is also a traditional decorative pattern, which consists of objects held by the Eight Immortals in ancient legends. According to legend, when Han Zhong is happy, he gently shakes a small fan and often holds a small fan. Lv Dongbin's sword is brilliant and enchanting, often with a sword; Zhang fish drum has Sanskrit sound and often holds fish drum; Cao Guojiu's jade plate is clear and clear, and he often holds a jade plate; Tie Guai Li not only saved Five Blessingg in the gourd, but also often took a gourd; Han Xiangzi's purple flute dried Man Jing, often holding a flute; Blue and flower baskets contain nothing, often with flower baskets; He Xiangu always holds the lotus flowers, never touching the dust. Because they only hold objects and don't draw immortals, they are called "dark eight immortals", which means auspiciousness and is often used in Ming and Qing Dynasties.

The front of the horse's head at the entrance of the Second Hospital is rhinoceros, and the side is the flowers of the four seasons. The railings in the front corridor of the main building of the Second Hospital are carved from east to west. First, the magpie is on the plum tree, second, it is empty, third, the ancient philosophers of grapes, fourth, the heron plays the lotus, fifth, the sparrow plays the chrysanthemum. There are four seasons of flowers and fruits engraved on the gate of the east-leaning courtyard, and the piano, chess and calligraphy are also auspicious.

In the big corridor of the Third Hospital, there are Kirin in front of the horse's head and pine, bamboo, plum, orchid, bamboo and chrysanthemum on the side. Chinese painting is a general term with four kinds of flowers as its theme, and flower-and-bird painting is its branch. During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, many painters liked to paint Mei Lan Jia Song, which was called "pine, bamboo and plum" and "three friends of old and cold". Zhenwu in Yuan Dynasty added orchids to the "Three Friends" and named it "Four Friends Map". During the Wanli period of Ming Shenzong (A.D. 1573- 16 19), Huang Feng was also called "Four Gentlemen" in his Four Classics of Meilan Bamboo and Chrysanthemum. Later generations added pine trees, daffodils and strange stones, which were collectively called "Wuqing" or "Five Friends". In the Qing Dynasty, Wang outlined the third series of Biography of Mustard Seed, namely "Jumei Sipu". This kind of theme symbolizes noble character and the spirit of integrity, strength, tenacity, optimism and fear of violence.

In the gate building of the Fourth Courtyard, there is an incense burner, with piano, chess, calligraphy and painting beside it. There are four lions in the yard, Megan's faucet, four seasons flowers and flowers. There is also a wall, inscribed by Zhao Tieshan. On the right is the Eight Immortals of Darkness, and the lion rolls hydrangeas to show peace and happiness. There are also Phoenix Opera and deer and crane in the same spring. On the left are Pisces and Qing Ji, which are auspicious pictures. They are one of the traditional decorative patterns. They refer to the pictures composed of Qing Ji in ancient weapons, Qi Qing and fish patterns in musical instruments. The homophonic harmony of fish and fish shows that it is more than enough. There are grapes and chrysanthemums in the gatehouse of the West Cross, and portraits of Qin, Qi, calligraphy and painting and Bo Gu are on the railing. Four horseheads have four lions on the front and four seasons flowers on the side. In particular, the sculpture "The Proverbs of Saving Points", like the sculpture "One Hundred Days of Life" mentioned above, is also a rare artistic treasure.

The gate of the Fifth Courtyard is headed by Kirin, and the four heads in the courtyard are deer cranes and pine trees. The gate house of Nanzhengfang is a hundred chrysanthemums, with a seven-star style in the middle, which is also called "Qiaqiao Map". A clever painting of Tanabata is the theme of folk fairy tales. Tanabata is the seventh night of the seventh lunar month. Legend has it that cowherd and weaver girl meet in Tianhe. That night, the woman tied a ribbon and put on a seven-hole needle, and Chen Guaguo was courting. Cowherd and Weaver Girl are all star names and have evolved into mythical figures. The Weaver Girl is the granddaughter of the Emperor of Heaven, who has been weaving brocade for many years. Since I married the cowherd in Hexi, knitting has been interrupted. The Emperor of Heaven was furious and ordered him to be separated from the Cowherd. He is only allowed to meet once a year on the seventh night of July. According to "Custom Pass", when the Weaver Girl knew the Cowherd, the magpie bridged the Tianhe River and named it Magpie Bridge. The clever picture of Qixi was first made by Hou Yi, a painter in the Northern Song Dynasty, and then gradually spread widely.

There are magpies climbing plums on both sides of the entrance to the East Hospital of the Sixth Hospital, and bamboo and "Fu Lushou" on the back. Four horseheads are eight dark immortals. There are grapes on the railing of the main house, lotus flowers in the east and peony in the west. There is a "Fude Temple" in the front yard, with two lifelike lions and an auspicious pattern.

Stone Carving: Although the stone carving technology of Qiao Family Courtyard is relatively rare, it is very fine. There are several pairs of stone lions with different shapes and innocence. Some stone lions are marching forward, and the new cutting lines and sharp edges show vigilance, strength and vitality. It looks at the arrogant head and holds up the air all over the body, showing the grandeur, courage and no distortion of a lion, giving people a healthy, active and energetic feeling.

There are also engraved yinxian. For example, the base of the stone lion crouching at the gate of the Fifth Hospital is "Golden Lion and White Elephant", and in the middle are "Immediately seal the monkey (Hou)", "Yanshan Jiaozi" and "seal the Hou for generations". The bottom cushions of the columns in the south square are "fishing and ploughing" and "Ma Gu's birthday". On the stone foundation of Shishi crouching at the entrance of the Sixth Hospital, there are line engravings such as "Going through the customs and entering the phase", "shentu Xieji" (according to legend, Shen Tu and Xieji were the door gods to ward off evil spirits and ghosts in ancient times) and "Returning to the DPRK after winning", with clear images, fascinating stories, smooth lines and vivid images.

Painting: There are real gold paintings under the eaves of all rooms in the whole compound, mainly focusing on character stories. In addition to "Yanshan Jiaozi", "Ma Gu's Birthday Festival", "Full Bed Cave" and "Fishing Farming", there are flowers, insects and birds, as well as various designs such as railways, trains, stations, clocks and watches. These patterns piled with Gionee powder and Sanlan's color paintings have their own characteristics. The gold foil used is of high purity. Although weathered, it still shines. The powder setting process is very detailed, and it is necessary to dry one layer and then another layer, so that one layer is piled up until a realistic relief of an ornament is made, and then gold plating is carried out. Golden paintings are smeared by oil stains on people's heads. Because it is too thin, we should choose a sunny day without rain and wind before the operation. It can be seen that it is quite laborious and time-consuming to complete a pattern work. The other lines are painted with gold and painted with bottom, all of which are natural stone colors, so they can be preserved for a long time and have bright colors.

Plaques: There are many plaques hanging on the gate of Qiao's compound, of which four are the most valuable. Among them, three plaques belong to the Qiao family, which is also worthy of the pride and glory of the Qiao family. That is, Zhou Ren Puyi written by Li Hongzhang himself in Guangxu four years, Fu Zhong Lang Huan given by Empress Dowager Cixi to Shanxi Governor Ding Baoquan, and Six Lines of Body Preparation given by Qiao Yingkui from thirty-six villages in Hedong, Changyuan, Qixian County in sixteen years of the Republic of China. The first two pieces show that the contribution of the Qiao family to the imperial court in a certain period was praised by the inscription of the imperial court officials, so it was doubly glorious. The latter piece also reflects some good deeds and ways of dealing with people from one side. Another piece of high value is "Feng Danting" inscribed by Fu Shan (now on display in the East Room of Qiao's Fourth Hospital). After the completion of Feng Danting, Fu Shan inscribed it. At the same time, Dai Ting wrote Feng Danting, and Fu Shan added a postscript to it. One plaque, two notes and three postscript, every sentence is puzzling. After careful analysis, the main idea of Dai Ting's The Story of Feng Danting is:1in September 660, he had a dream that he was walking outside the city with several people dressed in ancient costumes. Suddenly, a big change happened. When I look back, there is no smooth road. There is a cliff in front, covered with maple and pine trees, and there is a small pavilion in the middle. The word "Feng Dan" is written on the plaque. After waking up, he built the "Feng Dan Pavilion" in the style of his dream. In fact, Dai Ting's dream of traveling in ancient costumes is a nostalgia for the old country. Great changes have taken place, which means political changes. The real meaning of "Feng Dan's Pavilion" is that when the country perishes, the national disaster is at the head, and the "Feng Dan's Pavilion" is built to show the pain of the DPRK. Fu Shan wrote in the postscript after Feng Dan Ting Ji that "Dan" refers to the center of reading, "wind" is a pavilion-style word, and "pavilion" is a pavilion-style reading place. Therefore, the pavilion was named "Feng" and the word "Dan" was written in front of it to show its eye-catching. "Dan" stands for red and loyalty; "Maple" not only means integrity, but also red, full of nostalgia for the Zhu family in the Ming Dynasty.

In addition, there are the doorplates of various colleges, such as "Round Cloud", "frugality", "Learning to be excellent is to be an official", "Being a man for a hundred years", "Looking forward and looking back", "Being the most happy for good", "Being prepared for danger in times of peace", "Managing many blessings", "Building a home" and "quietly watching the porch".

In a word, the Qiao Family Courtyard is not only a treasure house of architectural art, but also a hall of folk customs. Stepping into it can not only enjoy the beautiful scenery, but also increase people's knowledge. Therefore, visiting Qixian Folk Museum will benefit you from all aspects of art, science, culture and interest. I'm glad you came.