How to plant Cinnamomum camphora (key points of Cinnamomum camphora cultivation technology)

There are two propagation methods of Cinnamomum camphora: sowing propagation and cutting propagation. Adapted to the altitude below 1800m, the absolute minimum temperature is -0.00℃, and Cinnamomum camphora likes light and is slightly resistant to shade. I like warm and humid climate, not cold-resistant, and have low requirements for soil. It is best to use fertile and permeable sand. It is resistant to water and humidity, but not to drought, barren and saline-alkali land. The taproot is developed and deep, and can resist wind. Strong germination and pruning resistance. The growth rate is moderate, and the tree shape is huge like an umbrella, which can provide shade and keep out the cold. It has a long survival period, can grow into a towering ancient tree for hundreds of years, and has a strong ability to smoke and dust, conserve water, fix soil and prevent sand, and beautify the environment! In addition, it can resist tidal wind, smoke and toxic gases, and can absorb a variety of toxic gases, which is more suitable for urban environment.

In order to ensure the survival rate of planting, the following problems should be paid attention to in the process of planting and corresponding technical measures should be taken.

First, planting and cultivation

1, planting time

Generally, it is planted from mid-March to mid-April, and spring buds will germinate. Replanting can be done in the rainy season. September is suitable for autumn. Winter plants can also be planted in places with less frost or more rainfall in winter. Planting should be timely, that is, the trimmed camphor tree seedlings should be planted immediately. If the transportation distance is far away, the root pile should be wrapped with wet grass and plastic film to keep it moist. The best planting time is before 1 1 am or after 16 pm. In winter, just avoid the coldest days.

Step 2 plant

Planting holes should be excavated according to general technical regulations, and the depth, length and width of the holes should reach 50 ~ 60 cm. Base fertilizer should be applied to the pit bottom and paved with fine soil cushion, and the planting soil should be loose and fertile. Topdressing of Cinnamomum camphora seedlings should be removed, and the planting depth should be equal to the root diameter of Cinnamomum camphora seedlings. When planting, the mulch soil should be closely connected with the hole soil, and the hanging space will be formed if the soil is not tight. Plant careful saplings in the planting holes, then insert the soil after filling, and continue to fill the top of the holes. Finally, make a cofferdam around the seedlings to stop water.

Step 3: Irrigation

After planting camphor tree seedlings, water them immediately. For camphor tree seedlings with soil balls, stir the soil around the tree hole with iron bars or wooden sticks to fill it with water. Be careful not to damage the earth cofferdam when injecting water. The earth cofferdam should be filled with water, so that the water can slowly soak the planting holes. In order to further improve the survival rate of colonization, auxin can be added to the irrigated water to stimulate the growth of new roots. In general, naphthylacetic acid is used as auxin. Firstly, powdered naiacetic acid was dissolved in a small amount of alcohol, and then mixed with clean water to make irrigation solution with a concentration of 200PPm, which was used as the first root-fixing water for irrigation. Whether planting camphor trees on cloudy days or sunny days, you should water them thoroughly in time. In dry and exposed weather, it should be irrigated once every 7 days or so. 3 ~ 4 times in a row.

4. Special technical treatment

In the process of transplanting, in order to keep the humidity of camphor tree trunk and reduce the transpiration of bark water, the trunk should be soaked with straw rope and wrapped to the top of the trunk, and if the branches are large, they should be wrapped. Then, the prepared clay mud is thickly covered on the trunk wrapped with straw rope. In the future, you can often spray water on the trunk with a sprayer to keep it moist. After the big camphor tree is dug out, it is necessary to trim the broken roots, broken roots and dead roots, and then soak the roots with clay mud after cutting; If 0.03% sodium acetate auxin is added to the mud, it can promote the growth of new roots of Cinnamomum camphora after transplanting.

5, management and maintenance

Because camphor trees are planted out of season, it is necessary to strengthen maintenance and management after planting camphor trees. Pay attention to watering at ordinary times, and master the principle of "don't dry it, water it thoroughly"; It is also necessary to spray clean water on the ground and camphor leaves regularly to increase air humidity and reduce plant transpiration.

Second, the transplant method

Roots of saplings below 1.DBH 10cm can be cut off and promoted. According to the conventional requirements, only digging balls are needed for transplanting. Usually, the diameter of the soil ball is about 5-6 times that of the trunk of the transplanted tree. For large saplings with DBH above 10 cm, root cutting and root promotion should be carried out first. The specific method is: dig a ditch on the opposite sides of the trunk, and the diameter of the ditch is 2-2.5 times the diameter of the trunk. Use a saw or a sharp axe to saw off the thick lateral roots, and the cross section must be uniform. Smaller lateral roots can be cut off by pruning shears, and then covered with fine soil, so that fine roots can grow near the fracture in the current year, and the two sides of unbroken roots can be repeatedly operated in the second year, and seedlings can be raised in the spring of the third year.

2. For smaller saplings, saplings of Ap 1-2 years old do not need to be cut off, and saplings of 3 16 years old should be cut off at 1/3. Usually, the lower branches of the trunk should be cut off, the upper two-thirds should be cut off in layers, and the larger young trees should be cut off completely. Usually, the height of the trunk of street trees is controlled at 3-3.5 meters, and the thick lateral branches are kept at 0.3-0.5 meters. After cutting, seal the section with wax or wrap it with plastic film to prevent water loss.

3. The best time for pilling, seed dressing, seedling raising and transplanting is March. The soil ball should be 5-6 times the diameter at breast height (seedlings can be 30-40 cm) and wrapped with straw rope to ensure that the soil ball does not come loose.

4. The diameter of the transplanting hole should be greater than 1/3 of the soil ball of camphor tree, the depth should be the soil ball, and the roots should be flush with the ground. L after the tree is planted, fill the gap with fine soil and tamp it with a thick stick. When it is short 10-20 cm, water it, let it absorb water, and then fill in the remaining soil until the base of the trunk becomes steamed bread.

Third, pest control.

Cinnamomum camphora is the most common greening tree species in South China, with majestic tree posture, bright spring leaves, the narrowest branches and leaves, and shade everywhere. It is widely used as shade trees and street trees, and can also be used to build scenic forests and shelter forests. Here is a brief introduction to the prevention and control of pests and diseases:

1, powdery mildew:

This disease mainly occurs in nursery seedlings. When the temperature is high and humidity is high, the seedlings are too dense. It is most likely to happen in poor ventilation. Gray-brown spots appeared near the main vein on the back of tender leaves, and then spread all over the back of leaves, and a layer of white powder appeared, and there were also white powder on serious tender branches and stems.

(1) Nursery should always pay attention to environmental sanitation and properly sparse seedlings; Or if a few diseased plants are found, they should be pulled out or burned immediately.

(2) When it happens, the lime-sulfur mixture with Baume of 0.3-0.5 degrees shall be sprayed every 10 for three or four times continuously.

2, black spot disease:

This disease is easy to occur when camphor tree seeds grow 1-4 leaves after germination and emergence. From the tip of the seedling to the root, it turned dark brown and died.

Disinfect seeds, soil and mulch when sowing. When the disease occurs, the burned seedlings should be pulled out first and sprayed with 0.5% potassium permanganate or formalin for two or three times to prevent the spread.

3. camphor tree:

It occurs for many generations in a year, and the harm period is long. 1 year-old seedlings were seriously damaged and died. After afforestation, the young leaves on the crown of trees were often eaten up, which seriously affected the growth of trees.

0.5 kg of rhododendron mollis or tripterygium wilfordii powder and 75- 100 kg of clear water can be used for spraying seedlings, or 2000 times of 90% trichlorfon or 50% marathon emulsion can be used for spraying seedlings.

4, camphor:

It occurs for several generations a year, and the larvae feed on the branches, which affects the height growth of camphor trees and leads to the bending of the trunk.

(1) After the new shoots of Cinnamomum camphora were pulled out in March, the first generation larvae were sprayed with 90% trichlorfon, 50% Nale emulsion and 50% marathon emulsion 10000 times, every 5 days1time, for 2-3 times in a row, which could kill the larvae. If the larvae have eaten new buds, 40% dimethoate emulsion can also be sprayed 200-300 times.

(2) The litter can be collected in nursery or small forest land and burned in winter to eliminate overwintering pupae.

5. Cinnamomum camphora:

It generally harms camphor tree seedlings and young trees under 20 years old. There are two generations in a year. The damage period of the first generation larvae is from the end of May to the middle of July. The second generation larvae were destroyed in August-September. Larvae gather in groups on the new shoots to feed on leaf buds, and spin silk to roll up the residual leaves and wrap the terminal buds, so that the new shoots die, or even the whole plant dies.

(1) When the larvae just start to move and have not yet formed a net nest, 90% trichlorfon can be killed by spraying 4000-50000 times of liquid.

(2) If the larva has formed a net nest, it is best to plant it and burn it.

6. Apriona germari:

(1) During the spawning period of adults (from early May to early June), lead wire is used to brush the spawning marks, stab eggs or newly hatched larvae.

(2) Cut off the injured branches manually, and then inject dichlorvos and other drugs through the drainage hole to kill the larvae.