? Five problems that should be paid attention to in the cultivation of Atractylodes macrocephala

Atractylodes macrocephala, also known as surgery, winter surgery, Zhejiang surgery and so on. , is a compositae plant. The rhizome can be used as medicine, which has the functions of strengthening the spleen, eliminating dampness and preventing miscarriage. It is a precious Chinese herbal medicine. Planting Atractylodes macrocephala in rural areas is a way to get rich with less investment, short production cycle, smooth sales and high economic benefits.

1, site selection and soil preparation. Atractylodes macrocephala likes cool climate, and is afraid of high temperature and high humidity environment. The requirements for soil are not strict, but weakly acidic, alkaline and light clay with good drainage and deep soil layer is better. Plain areas should choose plots with loose soil and medium fertility. When the soil is over-fertilized, the seedlings grow too vigorously, which is easy to bolting and blossom in the same year, affecting the quality of medicinal materials. In mountainous areas, you can choose land with thick soil layer and certain slope for planting. It is better to use gramineous crops in the previous crop than tobacco, peanuts, rape and other crops, otherwise diseases will easily occur. Generally, 4000-5000 kg of farm manure is applied in nursery area, or 75- 100 kg of cake manure, and 2500-4000 kg of farm manure is applied in transplanting area.

2. Seedling raising and transplanting. Choose big leaf dwarf varieties. North China usually sows and raises seedlings in the middle and late April. Before sowing in the nursery, flat bed, ditching and drilling should be done according to the row spacing of 16- 17 cm and the depth of 3-4 cm, and the sowing amount per mu should be 4-5 kg. Always keep moist after sowing. After the seedlings are unearthed, weeds should be pulled out in time, and dense seedlings, sick seedlings and weak seedlings should be pulled out occasionally. When the height of seedlings is 3-5 cm, the seedlings should be fixed according to the row spacing and plant spacing of 7- 10 cm respectively. Topdressing 1-2 times at seedling stage, and it is generally appropriate to apply 500 kilograms of human excrement and urine per mu. If it is too much, the seedlings will grow too vigorously, the branches and leaves will be too tender and the disease resistance will be weakened. From the middle and late June of 65438+1October to the early October of165438+1October, the seedlings were dug and stored before freezing. Dig a deep pit with a width of about 1 m in the shade, put the seedlings into the pit with a depth of about 0.5 m, and cover it with dry soil for 4-6 cm. When the temperature drops on cloudy days, the soil can be gradually thickened, and the soil thickness should not be frostbitten. If the weather is warmer in winter, there is no need to cover the soil. Transplanting began in early April of the following year. Generally, the row spacing is 50-60 cm, the plant spacing is 7- 10 cm, and it is planted in single row or double row. The suitable transplanting density is 0/.2-1.5 million plants per mu. Generally, about 60 kilograms of seedlings are used per mu.

3. On-site management. After planting or transplanting Atractylodes macrocephala, it is necessary to regularly weed and loosen the soil to make the soil surface loose and weed-free. Attention should be paid to flood prevention in rainy season. Fertilization should master the principle of "applying base fertilizer, applying seedling fertilizer early, and then applying bud fertilizer". After the seedlings are basically in full bloom or slowly transplanted, fertilizer 1 should be applied, and the amount of fertilizer should not be too much. Generally, the second fertilization for transplanted seedlings is 5-7 days after flowering (before seed storage), and the cake fertilizer is 75- 100 kg per mu, or human and animal manure 1000- 1500 kg and calcium superphosphate 25-30 kg, or diammonium phosphate 25 kg. Before the inflorescence opens, buds should be picked in time to promote nutrient supply.

4. Pest control. Atractylodes macrocephala has many diseases, such as rust, iron leaf disease, root rot and damping off. At the initial stage of iron leaf disease, Bomei 0.3 degree sulfur mixture can be sprayed, 8- 10 day 1 time, for 2-3 times; Root rot and damping-off can be watered with 600 times solution of 50% carbendazim or 50% thiophanate-methyl 1000 times solution at the initial stage of the disease. To control Atractylodes macrocephala moth pests, 50% dichlorvos 800 times or 40% dimethoate 1500-2000 times can be sprayed for 7- 10 for 2-3 times in a row.

5, harvesting and processing. Atractylodes macrocephala generally starts harvesting from late June to early October 10/0165438+ 10, when the stems turn from green to yellow. The method is: choose sunny days to dig, dry or dry. Sunlight 15-20 days until it is dry. When drying, the firepower should not be too strong and the temperature should not be too hot. After baking with fire for 4-6 hours, turn it up and down to make it evenly heated, and at the same time, the fine roots naturally fall off. When it is 80% dry, take it out and pile it up for 5-6 days, let the internal water seep out, soften the skin, and then dry it. Do not use oily fuels such as pine and cypress when baking, so as to avoid the blackening of Atractylodes macrocephala and affect the quality. It is generally believed that Atractylodes macrocephala should be large and hollow with a white section.