In 2006, the entrance examination for science in Hangzhou should have an answer.

In 2008, all kinds of senior high school entrance examinations in Hangzhou were science questions.

Instructions for candidates:

1. This paper is divided into two parts: test paper and answer sheet. Full mark 180, examination time 120 minutes.

2. When answering questions, the school name, name and admission ticket number must be stated in the sealed area of the answer sheet.

3. All answers must be written in the marked position on the answer sheet. It should be noted that the serial number of the test questions corresponds to the serial number of the answer sheet.

4. After the exam, hand in the test paper and answer sheet.

test paper

First, multiple-choice questions (4 points for each question, * * 24 points, and only one option for each question meets the meaning of the question)

1. In the field and disaster areas, the following steps can be taken to convert river water into drinking water: ① chemical precipitation (adding alum); ② Disinfection and sterilization (with bleaching powder); ③ Natural precipitation; (4) heating and boiling. The most reasonable sequence of the above treatment processes is

A.③①②④b .③①②④c .③①④②d .①③②④

2. The following statement is incorrect.

A. The chemical properties of all substances are determined by molecule B, and stainless steel is not pure.

C sulfuric acid ionizes hydrogen ions and sulfate ions in water, and its aqueous solution is electrically neutral.

D, the quality and chemical properties of manganese dioxide added into hydrogen peroxide remain unchanged before and after the reaction.

3. The picture on the right is a schematic diagram of biosphere carbon cycle. The following analysis is inconsistent with the information shown in the figure.

A. The physiological process referred to in figure ③ is breathing.

B. the organisms represented by a in the picture are saprophytic bacteria and fungi.

C the food chain composed of EPDM in the picture is: EPDM in Otsuichi.

D. Energy flows along the food chain and accumulates the most in the organisms at this level.

Newborn kangaroos are only as big as human fingers and can't open their eyes. It landed on the tail root of the female kangaroo when it was born, climbed to the tail tip of the female kangaroo by instinct, and then climbed from the tail tip to the pouch in the abdomen of the female kangaroo to eat. This behavior of kangaroos is

A. Congenital behavior needs the participation of cerebral cortex to complete B. Congenital behavior is determined by genetic material in animals. C. acquired learning behavior is acquired through learning.

D. Acquired learning behavior can be completed by the nerve center below the cerebral cortex.

5. The following practices are aimed at reducing stress.

A. Rails are laid on sleepers. 8. The sewing needle is very fine.

C. the needle tip of the syringe is very sharp. D. the blade of the kitchen knife is very sharp.

6. With a flat mirror, you can

A. become a reduced image 8. Change the direction of light propagation C. Become an inverted virtual image D. Become an upright real image.

Second, multiple-choice questions (3 points for each question, * * 48 points, and only one option for each question meets the meaning of the question)

7. The following statements about the experimental operation are correct.

A. In order to prevent the liquid from overflowing, when adding reagents into the test tube, the dropper should extend into the test tube.

B. At the end of the experiment of reducing Fe2O3 with H2, turn off the alcohol lamp first, and continue to cool Fe2O3 to room temperature with H2.

C. gases with higher density than air can only be collected by exhausting upwards.

D. In order to make the concentration of the prepared solution more accurate, the solute can be dissolved in the measuring cylinder.

8. Xiao Ming observed the epidermal cells of undyed onion scales with a microscope. In the field of vision, he can clearly see the cell wall and nucleus, but he can't see the vacuole. The following measures can help Xiao Ming see the empty bubble.

① Change the mirror from flat mirror to concave mirror ② Change the mirror from concave mirror to flat mirror ③ Increase the aperture and increase the luminous flux ④ Reduce the aperture and decrease the luminous flux.

A.①③ B.①④ C.②④D.②③

9. The curve on the right shows the change of oxygen or carbon dioxide concentration when human blood flows through different blood vessels (H, I, J), where H is pulmonary artery. Then the curve in the figure and the blood vessel 1 represent respectively.

A. oxygen concentration, pulmonary vein

B. oxygen concentration, pulmonary capillaries

C. carbon dioxide concentration, pulmonary vein

D. Carbon dioxide concentration, pulmonary capillaries

10. Some people in the market use aluminum instead of pure silver to make rings. What is not recognized by the following methods is that

A, measure the density with water, a balance and a measuring cylinder; b, immerse in dilute hydrochloric acid to observe the generation of meta-bubbles.

C. Immerse in CuS04 solution and observe whether it changes color. D. Immerse in CaCl2 solution, and observe whether white precipitate is produced.

1 1. In the following four aspects, the water cycle is more active.

A. the birthplace of the Yangtze river and the yellow river. Middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River C. Desert area of Xinjiang D. Antarctic Glacier area 12. The following four pictures are the imaging situation and correction methods of myopia respectively.

A.②① B.③① C.②④D.③④

13. There is a saying in Dunhuang Quzi Ci: "It seems to meet the mountain with eyes full of wind and rain. Looking at the mountain carefully is a boat. " Among them, "seeing the mountains as if they were coming to welcome the monarch" and "being a boat" are the selected reference objects.

A. boats and mountains. Mountains and boats C. Land and mountains D. River banks and running water

14. The following statement is wrong.

A. The landform of the Loess Plateau is not formed by crustal changes. The lunar calendar in China is a kind of yin-yang calendar.

C. A wide variety of creatures can also turn rocks into soil D. The weather in Hangzhou is characterized by four distinct seasons.

15. Antioxidants can absorb oxygen, reduce the oxygen content in food and the surrounding environment, and prevent the oxidation reaction between oxygen and food, thus prolonging the shelf life of food. Xiao Ming found that there was a small bag printed with the words "antioxidant" in the newly bought tea packaging box, which was gray-black powder, and the composition was most likely.

A. copper oxide 8. Activated carbon C. iron powder D. quicklime

16. In the picture below, this is incorrect.

Refractive optical path of light obliquely incident from air to glass; Magnetic induction lines between different magnetic poles.

The force of water pump crank and the effect of concave lens of force arm on parallel light

17. In order to simplify the complicated circuit, the ammeter and voltmeter in the circuit are usually idealized first. The correct way to deal with it is

A. Think of the ammeter as a large resistor. B. Think of the voltmeter as a wire. C. Think of the ammeter as disconnected. D. Think of the voltmeter as disconnected.

18. At room temperature, insert the mercury thermometer into one of the following liquids, take it out and put it in the air, and then read the thermometer.

It can be inferred that the liquid inserted into the thermometer is

A. Salt solution 8. Alcohol C. concentrated sulfuric acid D. concentrated hydrochloric acid

19. "NaCl+CO2+NH3+H2O = nahco3+NH4Cl" is an important reaction of the famous Hou Shi soda production method. When the reaction reaches a certain concentration, sodium bicarbonate (a salt) will first crystallize out of the solution. The following are four students' opinions on the relevant knowledge involved in this reaction, among which the correct ones are

A. this reaction belongs to double decomposition reaction B. nahc0. It must be a water-insoluble substance.

C. after the reaction, NH+D and NaHC0 crystals exist in the solution. There is no sodium ion in the solution.

20. The hammer throw, shot put, discus and javelin shown below are all Olympic track and field events. When these objects are thrown obliquely upwards, they will be thrown to the ground without air resistance.

A. The kinetic energy of an object is increasing and the gravitational potential energy is decreasing.

B. The kinetic energy of an object has been decreasing and the gravitational potential energy has been increasing.

C the kinetic energy of the object decreases first and then increases, and the gravitational potential energy increases first and then decreases.

D the kinetic energy of an object increases first and then decreases, and the gravitational potential energy decreases first and then increases.

2 1. In the experiment of installing DC motor model, Xiaojie installed a DC motor model as shown on the right according to the requirements of science textbook. After installation, the coil rotates clockwise after the switch is closed, which can make the coil rotate counterclockwise.

A. reduce one battery. B. Switch the poles of the power supply and magnet at the same time.

C. add a battery. D. change the poles of the power supply.

22. After the Wenchuan earthquake, rescuers used an advanced life detector when they raced against time to rescue the survivors buried in the ruins, which could detect people with weak breathing and heartbeat through the thick buried layer. What do you think is the most unlikely working principle of this instrument?

A. determination of carbon-14 8. Acoustic wave detection C. electromagnetic wave detection D. infrared detection

Three. Fill in the blanks (35 points for this big question * * *)

23.(5 points) Hand, foot and mouth disease occurred in some kindergartens and primary schools this year. Hand, foot and mouth disease is an infectious disease caused by enterovirus, which mostly occurs in infants under 5 years old and can cause fever, rash and hand, foot and mouth ulcers. Hand, foot and mouth disease is mainly transmitted through close contact between people, and the virus in patients' throat secretions and saliva can be transmitted through air droplets. Ordinary people are generally susceptible to the enterovirus that causes hand, foot and mouth disease, and they can gain immunity after infection. In order to prevent the epidemic of diseases, Hangzhou CDC put forward the following preventive measures (excerpt):

(1) Do morning physical examination in child care institutions, and isolate and treat suspected patients in time;

② Contaminated daily necessities and tableware should be disinfected. Children's feces and excreta should be soaked in 3% bleach solution, clothes should be exposed to the sun, and the room should be ventilated.

③ Do a good job in environment, food hygiene and personal hygiene, and wash your hands before and after meals to prevent people from getting sick; (1) According to the data, the pathogen of hand, foot and mouth disease is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

(2) From the three aspects of controlling the epidemic of infectious diseases, the above measures ② belong to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

(3) People with hand, foot and mouth disease can gain immunity. This is because B lymphocytes will have an immune response after pathogens invade the blood. At this time, the pathogen is called _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ This defense against a pathogen is called _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

24.(6 points) Tangqi loquat is a famous specialty in Hangzhou, with beautiful fruit shape, soft and juicy meat, sweet and sour taste and excellent flavor. In order to obtain high-quality fruits, scientific breeding and management methods must be adopted. Please analyze the following:

(1) Loquat can be propagated by seeds, but fruit farmers generally use grafting or layering, and the grafting or layering method belongs to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. The advantage of this breeding method is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

(2) Flat-headed Dahongpao, Zhu Bao, Jiao Jia and Soft Baisha are all excellent new varieties of Tangqi loquat.

Diversification. If the flat-headed Dahongpao is used as the rootstock and the soft white sand is used as the scion for grafting, then the loquat variety growing on this branch should be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

(3) Loquat seedlings should be transplanted with soil for the purpose of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. When transplanting, leave 3-5 leaves per plant, and the tip of 1/3-I/2 can also be cut off when leaving leaves. The purpose of this is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

(4) When planting, it should be planted in a reasonable density, keeping proper spacing and tree shape. The scientific basis for this is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

25.(4 points) At 9: 00 17 on May 8, 2008, Tsering Wangmo, a young Tibetan female torchbearer, held high the "Xiangyun" torch of the Beijing Olympic Games at the top of Mount Everest, the top of the earth. The flame named after "dream" has turned human dreams into reality at an unprecedented height. The torch will be at 140 degrees. C burns smoothly in low temperature, thin air and windy environment. Without changing the appearance, scientific and technical personnel have made necessary modifications to the torch, one of which is propane (C) commonly used in the torch. H) gas fuel is changed to solid fuel with special formula. Please answer:

(1) propane belongs to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

(2) Considering the combustion conditions, do you think this special formula of solid fuel should be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _?

26.(4 points) The wastewater discharged from a chemical plant contains silver nitrate and barium nitrate. In order not to pollute the environment and make full use of resources, it is necessary to recover metallic silver from wastewater and separate and prepare barium carbonate. The operation steps and experimental results are as follows. Please fill in the unfinished part of the form (write down the chemical formula).

Experimental results of operation steps

(1) Add an appropriate amount of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

(2) Add _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ solution to filtrate A, the filtrate is blue precipitate, and filtrate B contains only one solute.

(3) the contents of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

27.(4 points) As shown in the picture on the right, a pulley is fixed at the right end of the horizontal desktop, and the light small board bypasses the crown block through a string and is connected with the wooden block with the mass of 0.4k9 on the desktop. When there is a weight of 0.5n in the small dish, the wood block is not pulled, and the friction force on the wood block is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ n; When there is a weight of 0.6 N in the small dish, the wood block just moves at a uniform speed; Put a 0.7N weight in the small dish, and the small dish will drag the block to move. After the small dish falls to the ground, the block will continue to move. At this time, the friction force on the block is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ n.

28.(6 points) The power grid freezes, which leads to disconnection and pole inversion, thus causing power supply danger. Go south this year

In a snowstorm, icicles formed on the wires, and the diameter of aluminum wires with a diameter of 2 cm reached 20 cm. If the conductor length between two adjacent poles is 50m, answer the following questions: (p aluminum = 2.7× 103kg/m3, p ice = 0.9× 103kg/m3, and g is 10n/kg).

(1) The icicles formed by electric wires are mainly _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

A. made of liquefied steam B. made of condensed steam C. made of solidified water D. made of vaporized water.

(2) Before freezing, the gravity of each wire between two poles is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ n.

(3) Estimate the gravity increase of each conductor between the two poles after freezing _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ N..

29.(6 minutes) On May 2, Beijing time 14: 28, a strong earthquake of magnitude 8 occurred in Wenchuan County (3 1 degree north latitude, l03.4 degree east longitude) in the four seasons, causing huge losses to people and property, and the earthquake was also felt in Hangzhou (30.3 degrees north latitude, l20.2 degree east longitude). Geographically, Wenchuan is located in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ The ground directly above the source is called the epicenter. In an earthquake, the first thing that reaches the ground is the longitudinal wave. At this time, people in the epicenter will feel bumpy up and down, and then the shear wave will come and they will feel swaying from side to side. If the time difference between P wave and S wave arriving at the epicenter is 2 seconds, then the distance from the source to the epicenter is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ km.

Four, experiment, short answer questions (this big question 38 points)

30.(5 points) A classmate planted two plants A and B in the soil with the same composition, and divided them into four groups (as shown in the figure), in which group B and group C were shaded by 30%. Please answer the following questions:

(1) If we explore whether plants A and B will compete for nutrients in the soil, which two groups should we compare from the experimental design? Please list two correct combinations: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ or _ _ _ _ _ _.

(2) If Group A and Group B are selected for the control experiment, the growth differences between the two groups of plants are compared. So the purpose of this experiment is

___________________ 。

(3) The soil contains various inorganic salts necessary for plant growth. In order to prove that magnesium is the normal growth of plants,

Necessary elements, the following experiments were designed: two pots of plants with similar growth conditions were selected, distilled water was poured into the soil of one pot of plants with similar growth conditions, and the same amount of distilled water containing magnesium ions was poured into the soil of another pot of plants with the same experimental conditions, and the growth of the two pots of plants was observed and compared. Do you think this experimental design is reasonable? ___________________ ; The reason is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

3 1.(8 points) Xiao Ming is studying the composition changes of inhaled and exhaled gases when people breathe. He found the following data from the Internet:

Comparison of gas component volumes during breathing.

Gas inhaled gas (%) exhaled gas (%)

02 20.7 1 14.60 13.20

Carbon dioxide 0. O4

H2O minus 5.50 5.30

N2 78。 OO 75. 10 75.50

There are two identical soft plastic beverage bottles, which contain air and gas exhaled by human body respectively. Optional instruments and medicines are: sink, distilled water, sodium hydroxide solution, litmus test solution and phenolphthalein test solution. Please help Xiao Ming design two simple and obvious experiments to distinguish which bottle the gas exhaled by the human body belongs to. Simply write down the steps of the experiment and the observed phenomena.

Experiment 1: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

Experiment 2: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

32.(8 points) It is known that Fe(OH)2 is a white flocculent precipitate, which is easily oxidized by oxygen in the air into a reddish-brown Fe(OH)3 precipitate. The picture on the right shows an improved device for preparing Fe(OH)2. White flocculent precipitation of Fe(OH)2 can be observed for a long time.

(1) Write the chemical equation of the reaction in test tube A _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _;

(2) When the reaction starts in test tube A, open the water stop clamp, and the phenomenon seen in test tube B is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _;

(3) In order to obtain the white flocculent precipitate of Fe(OH)2 in this device and prevent it from being oxidized into red-brown precipitate of Fe(OH)3 in a period of time, the following experimental operation is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _;

(4) Write out the chemical equation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for generating Fe(OH)2 in the device.

33.(7 points) (1) When the voltage across the conductor is 6 volts, the current passing through it is 0.5 amps. If the voltage across it is raised to 9 volts, which range of "0 ~ 0.6 A" and "0 ~ 3 A" of the ammeter is suitable for measuring the current flowing through it? Why (calculate the reason)?

(2) Xiaodong wants to install a dome light in the bedroom, which can be controlled by the switch at the door of the bedroom and the bedside, but the circuit diagram for controlling the dome light has not been designed. One day, the teacher asked the students to install the learning stair lamp circuit. After the experiment, Xiaodong was suddenly enlightened, and he immediately designed the correct control chart of the ceiling lamp circuit. Please draw the circuit diagram of Xiaodong's design (in the box on the answer sheet).

34.( 10) The picture on the right is a schematic diagram of a battery. The device can generate gas and current. The teacher told the students that as long as two different conductors are used as electrodes and fruit is used instead of dilute sulfuric acid in the experiment, a battery can be formed, and the principle of generating current is the same. The students are very interested. In the extracurricular experiment, they made a fruit battery and recorded the following experimental data: the current and voltage of a single tomato fruit battery with different electrodes.

Electrode carbon rod-copper carbon rod-iron carbon rod-zinc plate

Current intensity (mA) 1.43 4.26 4.63

Voltage (volt) 0.6 1.2 1.3

Note: The experimental conditions are the same, but the electrode materials are different. Please answer the following questions:

(1) The energy conversion in the above device is from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ After a period of time in this experiment, the change of the pH value of the solution is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (increase, decrease, unchanged), and the electrode with reduced mass is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

(2) If only magnesium sheets and carbon rods are used as electrodes, other experimental conditions remain unchanged. According to the experimental data in the above table, you can guess that the generated voltage should be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

(3) Three single-cell batteries are connected in series with carbon rods and zinc sheets, and a small light bulb with a nameplate of "2.5v0.3A" is connected in series on the circuit. After the switch is closed, the small light bulb does not emit light normally because _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

Five, analysis and calculation problems (this big problem ***35 points)

35.(6 points) In the experiment of "observing the boiling of water", when the water temperature rises to 89℃, Xiao Xu starts to time, and records the water temperature every 65438±0min. Then, according to the experimental data, Xiao Xu drew the image of temperature changing with time as shown in the figure.

(1) As can be seen from the figure, it takes _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ minutes to heat water from 93℃ to just start boiling.

(2) It can be inferred from the image that if the water is heated to 1min, the temperature of the water will be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

(3) If the quality of experimental water measured by Xiao Xu is lk9, the water will be reduced from 89. C How much heat does it take to heat to 94℃? 【 specific heat of water c = 4.2× l03j/(kg? ℃)]

36.(6 points) In winter, when Wang used the electric blanket, he found that the electric blanket was divided into high temperature and low temperature, so he designed the analog circuit diagrams A and B of the electric blanket (the heating wire is equivalent to the internal heating resistance of the electric blanket).

(1) In Figure A, there is a constant resistor R2 (placed outside the electric blanket) and an electric heating wire R:. Please explain what state the switches S 1 and S2 should be in to keep the electric blanket in the low temperature range. And write the expression of electric heating power of electric blanket at low temperature.

(2) There are two heating wires R2 and R3 in Figure B. Please explain what state the switches S 1 and S2 should be in to keep the electric blanket in the high temperature range. And write the electric heating power expression of electric blanket at high temperature.

(3) Please point out which circuit you think is better and explain the reasons.

37.(8 points) Tupeitang Bridge was built in l985, with a length of 55 meters and a width of 5 meters. Located at the intersection of Yanjialong Road and Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal in Hangzhou, it was identified as a dangerous bridge to be demolished (see the left picture below). The traditional demolition method not only needs to arrange blasting, but also needs to build steel frames, which is time-consuming and laborious, and will also deposit residues in the river, which will affect shipping. Now the new demolition method is adopted, and it only takes two to three days to complete the demolition. The steps of dismantling the bridge are: driving two ships with a load of 500 tons under the bridge, draining the water from the ships to make the hull rise, lifting the 280-ton bridge body 60 cm away from the pier, and then dragging the bridge body horizontally to the shore with traction equipment to dismantle the bridge on land. Assuming that the mass distribution of the bridge is uniform, the position where the two ships act on the bridge body is l5 meters away from both ends of the bridge. The picture on the right is a schematic diagram of bridge demolition. Q:

(1) If the bridge leaves the pier at the same time, how should the two ships drain water? How many tons of water should each ship discharge?

(2) If only the left boat is used for drainage, the bridge deck will be separated from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (fill in "left" or "right"). How many tons will the left boat drain at least at this time?

(3) If the whole bridge rises 60cm horizontally, how much work will the two ships do to overcome the gravity of the bridge?

38.(5 points) Ancient bronzes often have green patina on their surfaces. Its main component is basic copper carbonate [Cu2(OH)2C03], and its chemical properties are similar to those of alkali and calcium carbonate. To remove the copper rust on the bronze surface, dilute hydrochloric acid or dilute sulfuric acid can react with it to form solution and gas to remove it.

(1) Write the chemical equation _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for the reaction between dilute sulfuric acid and basic copper carbonate.

(2) Formula calculation: How many grams of basic copper carbonate can 2000 grams of sulfuric acid solution with 2.5% solute mass fraction react with? (Keep L decimal places; Relative atomic mass: HL; Cl2Cu64Ol6S32)

39.( 10) The atmospheric composition of giant planets (such as Jupiter and Saturn) may not have changed much in history, but now there is no free oxygen in their atmosphere, and the main components are hydrogen, helium, methane and ammonia. It can be inferred that the air composition of the primitive earth is similar to Jupiter and Saturn. 1953, Miller made an experiment to explore how life on earth originated (the installation diagram of Miller's experiment is on the right). Miller injected the presumed original atmospheric components: methane, hydrogen, ammonia and water vapor into the device, and replaced the environmental conditions of the original earth by discharging and irradiating ultraviolet rays, and obtained a variety of amino acids. Please answer the following questions according to the picture on the right:

(1) Miller's experiment belongs to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (select "black box experiment", "control experiment" and "simulation experiment").

(2) If there is oxygen in the gas of the experimental device, it is likely to be _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

(3) In most experiments, water is often used as a coolant, the main reason is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

(4) From the perspective of how life on earth originated, the phenomenon of amino acid mixture was observed in the experiment, and your conclusion is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

(5) 1972, Miller began to do another experiment: he sealed the mixed solution of ammonia and cyanide (a small molecule) that might have existed in the early earth in a small bottle and kept it at a low temperature of 78℃ for 25 years. It was found that DNA, the basic substance of life, and the components of protein-bases and amino acids-were all produced in small bottles, which can be inferred as _ _ _ _ _.

In 2008, the scientific reference answers and grading standards for the entrance examination of senior high schools in Hangzhou I. Multiple choice questions (4 points for each small question, 24 points for * * *, and only one option for each small question meets the meaning of the question)

Title 1 2 3 4 5 6

1 answer B A D B A B

Second, multiple-choice questions (3 points for each question, * * 48 points, and only one option for each question meets the meaning of the question)

The title is 789101213141516171819 2020.

Answer b c b b b b a d c c c c d c d a

Three. Fill in the blanks (35 points for this big question * * *)

23.(5 points) (1) Enterovirus (or virus) (2) Cut off the transmission route (3) antigen; Antibody: specificity (l points per grid)

24.(6 points)

(1) asexual reproduction (or vegetative reproduction); The breeding speed is fast, and the excellent characters of high-quality loquat varieties can be maintained.

(2) Soft white sand

(3) preventing root hair from being damaged (or protecting root system), reducing transpiration loss of leaves, maintaining water metabolism of seedlings, and improving the survival rate of loquat transplantation (only reducing transpiration)

(4) Let the plants fully receive light, improve the efficiency of photosynthesis, and thus increase the yield (only fully receive light) (L points per vacancy)

25.(4 points) (1) Yes; 26 (2) Low ignition point; Release oxygen (1 point/air)

26.(4 points)

( 1)Cu； Silver Barium Hydroxide 2(3)na2co 3 .(65438+ 0 point per grid)

27.(4 points) 0.5; 0.6 (2 points each)

28.(6 points) (1) c (2) 424 (3)14130 (13000 ~15000) (2 points each).

29.(6 points) North by west (west); Plate-quick knot; L7.3 (2 points each)

Four, experiment, short answer questions (this big question ***38 points)

30.(5 points)

(1)A and D B and c (two empty orders are interchangeable)

(2) Explore the influence of light intensity (or quantity) on the growth of two groups of plants.

(3) unreasonable; The soil of plants in flowerpot A and flowerpot B contains various inorganic salts including magnesium ions. (each space 1 dot)

3 1.(8 points) Experiment 1: Pour the same amount of sodium hydroxide solution into two beverage bottles, tighten the litmus test solution, and shake the squashed degree of the beverage bottles (2 points for each empty bottle).

32.(8 points)

(1) Fe+H2SO4 = FeS04+H2 ↑ (2) Bubbles are generated at the catheter mouth.

(3) Close the water stop clip (4) 2 NaOH+FeS04 = Na2S04+Fe (OH) 2 ↓ (2 points per grid)

33.(7 points)

(1) The range of 0 ~ 3 A should be selected. ( 1)

According to ohm's law I=U/R, we can get: r = u/I = 6/0.5 = 12 (ohm) (1 min).

Therefore, when the voltage is 9V, the current intensity through the conductor I = u/r = 9/ 12 = 0.75 (Ampere) >: 0.6 (A), so the range of 0 ~ 3 A is selected for measurement ... (2 points).

(2)(3 points)

34.( 10) (1) chemistry; Increase; Zinc electrode

(2) Both are large; (3) The current of the fruit battery is too small (2 points will be deducted for each empty cell)

Five, analysis and calculation problems (this big problem ***35 points)

35.(6 points)

( 1)3; (2 points)

(2)99 (2 points)

(3) According to q = cm △ t (1), we can get q = 4.2× 1 03×1× 5 = 2.1×104 (coke) (1kloc-0).

36.(6 points)

(1)S 1 off, S2 on. ( 1)

Heating power of low-temperature electric blanket: p = i2r2 = [u/(r1+R2)] 2r2 (1min).

(2) both s 1 and S2 are closed (1)

Heating power of high temperature electric blanket:. p = (U2/R2)+(U2/R3) ( 1)

(3) The better circuit is B, (1)

Because in circuit A, R 1 will generate heat at low temperature, which wastes electric energy. ( 1)

37.(8 points)

(1) Two ships drain water at the same time, with the same speed (1). Because the gravity of the bridge is borne by two ships, and the positions of the two ships are symmetrical, the forces exerted on the bridge by the two ships are the same, so each ship has to discharge 140 tons of water. ( 1)

(2) Left; (1) Take point B as the fulcrum, and let the supporting force of the left ship to the bridge be F. According to the balance condition of the lever, F? CB=G？ AB/2( 1)

Available: f = g? AB/2cb = (280× 1 03× 9.8× 55)/2× 40 = L886500 (cattle) (1).

M = f/g = 1 886500/9.8 =192500 (kg) = 192.5 (ton) (1).

A: The displacement of the left ship is at least l92.5 tons.

(3) According to W=FS, W = GH = 280×103× 9.8× 0.6 =1646.4×103 (joule) (2 points).

Answer: The two ships overcome the gravity of the bridge and do work 1646.4× 103 Joule.

38.(5 points)

(1) Cu2 (oh) 2c02+2h2s04 = 2cus04+CO2 =+3H2O (2 points)

(2) Assuming that it can react with x grams of basic copper carbonate.

Cu2(OH)2c 02+2h2so 4 = 2cus 04+CO2 ↑+ 3H2O

222 196

X2000× 2.5% (2 points)

222/x=l96/(2000×2.5%)

X = 222× 2000× 0.025 = 56.6 ( 1)

Answer: It can react with 56.6 grams of basic copper carbonate.

39.( 10)

(1) simulation experiment; (2) explosion; (3) high specific heat and low cost

(4) Under the condition of primitive earth, small inorganic molecules can react to generate organic molecules (primitive life);

(5) Primitive life (living body) on the earth may also have originated from ice (low temperature) (other reasonable guesses can also refer to the score).

(2 points for each small question)