Excuse me, what are the stories about conveying information in ancient times? Please help me!

King You of Zhou used beacon fire to play with the princes.

Beacon tower communication originated from the political and military needs of slave countries for communication. According to historical records, as early as more than 3,000 years ago, my country had the method of using beacon towers for communication. Nowadays, whenever we mention beacon towers, we will naturally think of the Great Wall. In fact, beacon towers were built at dangerous locations and traffic thoroughfares along the Great Wall. Once the enemy was discovered, an alarm was immediately issued: during the day, firewood mixed with wolf dung was lit to send thick smoke straight into the sky; at night, dry firewood mixed with sulfur and saltpeter was burned to make the fire bright to convey emergency military information.

Originally, the beacon was only lit in extremely critical times, but it was used by an emperor to buy a beautiful woman's smile. As a result, the country was destroyed and the family was destroyed, leaving a long sigh throughout the ages. The story goes like this. There was King You of Zhou in the Zhou Dynasty, a very cruel and corrupt monarch. He had a beloved concubine named Bao Si who was very beautiful. There is such a passage in "The Chronicles of the Kingdoms of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty" to describe Bao Si. Si: "She has beautiful eyes, clear eyebrows, red lips and white teeth, dark clouds in her hair, and jade-cut fingers. She has a face like a flower and the moon, and a look that will captivate a country." Although Concubine Bao was very beautiful, she "never smiled." To this end, King You of Zhou offered a reward: "Whoever can make the empress smile will be rewarded with a thousand catties of gold" (copper was called gold at that time). So someone came up with a way to light a beacon fire to play with the princes, hoping to get a smile from the empress. One evening, King You of Zhou took his beloved concubine Bao Si to the tower and ordered beacon fires to be lit everywhere. The neighboring princes saw the beacon fire and thought that the Xirong (a tribe in the west at that time) was invading, so they rushed to the city with their troops to rescue. They saw bright lights and loud drums and music. When I inquired about it, I found out that it was a ridiculous thing that King You of Zhou did to please his empress. Nuohou dared not speak out in anger, so he had to withdraw his troops back to the camp angrily. When Bao Si saw this, he smiled calmly. But not long after the incident, Xirong really invaded. Although beacon fires were lit, no reinforcements arrived. It turned out that the princes thought that King Zhou You was repeating his old tricks. As a result, the capital city was captured by Xirong, and King You of Zhou was also killed. From then on, the Western Zhou Dynasty was destroyed.

The story of "a thousand gold buys a smile" which is still passed down today comes from here. Later, someone wrote a poem that satirized the "beacon fire playing on the princes" thing. The poem goes like this:

On a good night, the palace plays the pipes, and the beacon lights up the sky for no reason.

It’s a pity that all the countries are suffering, but the concubine Zhibo has a smile!

This historical story not only vividly depicts the situation of using beacon towers for communication at that time, but also warns future generations that communication is very important. No matter what time it is, no matter who it is, communication should not be taken for granted. Child's play.

Ancient times:

Our country is one of the first countries in the world to establish an organized information delivery system. As early as the Shang Dynasty more than 3,000 years ago, information transmission has been recorded.

Traveling by horse was an early method of organized communication. The "Post Envoy" sculpture located in the square of Jiayuguan Railway Station is based on the mural tombs of the Wei and Jin Dynasties in Jiayuguan. The post envoy holds slips and documents in his hands, and the post horse is flying with all four legs in the air at a very fast speed. This brick mural was used as the theme pattern for small stamps by the First Congress of the All-China Philatelic Federation in 1982. This shows that Jiayuguan is one of the birthplaces of China's information culture.

During the Qin and Han Dynasties, a complete system of postal transmission was formed. Especially in the Han Dynasty, the documents to be delivered were divided into levels, and documents of different levels were delivered by special persons and horses in the specified order and time. When sending and receiving these documents, you must register them and indicate the time to clarify your responsibilities.

During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the Yi Chuan business achieved unprecedented development. The official mail transportation line of the Tang Dynasty centered on Chang'an, the capital, and radiated in all directions, reaching directly to the border areas. There was a post station approximately 30 miles away. According to the "Six Codes of the Tang Dynasty", at its peak, there were 1,639 post stations across the country, with more than 20,000 people specializing in post services, including 17,000 post soldiers. There are three types of postal posts: land post, water post, and waterway combined post. Each post station has a post house, equipped with post horses, post donkeys, post boats and post fields.

The Tang Dynasty also had clear regulations on the itinerary of postal stations. A fast horse in Luyi could travel 6 stations a day, which is 180 miles, and it would be almost 300 miles a day, and the fastest required is 500 miles a day; people on foot could travel 50 miles a day. miles; when sailing against the current, the river is 40 miles, the river is 50 miles, and the other 60 miles; when sailing with the current, the limit is 100 to 150 miles. The poet Cen Shen wrote in the poem "On the way to Longshan for the first time, I submitted a letter to the judge": "One post passed by another, and the post riders were like stars; they left Xianyang at dawn, and the curtain reached the head of Longshan." Here he compares Yiqi to a shooting star. On November 9, the 14th year of Tianbao, An Lushan rebelled in Fan Yang. At that time, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty was in the Huaqing Palace, and the two places were three thousand miles apart. Within 6 days, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty knew the news, and the transmission speed reached 500 miles per day. It can be seen that the organization and speed of postal communications in the Tang Dynasty have reached a very high level.

In the Song Dynasty, all official documents and correspondence organizations were collectively called "delivery", and "express delivery shops" appeared. The couriers who deliver expresses have copper bells tied to their collars. When they are running on the road, they ring the bells during the day and light the fire at night. They are not responsible for killing people. Horses were changed from bunk to bunk, people were changed from several bunks to each other, rain or shine, day and night. In the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty, Yue Fei, the anti-Golden general, was forced to recall Lin'an from the front line by Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty with twelve gold medals. These gold medals were the gold-lettered medals delivered by the express delivery shop, which contained the meaning of great urgency.

In addition, there are also bells and drums, fireworks, doves, flags, wolf smoke and other methods to convey information

Stories about ancient people conveying information

Fenghuo Communication

As far back as the Zhou Dynasty, my country had the method of transmitting information through beacon fire. As a primitive means of sound and light communication, beacon fire served in ancient military wars. From the border to the capital and the border defense line, beacon towers were built at regular intervals. Firewood is stored inside. When the enemy invades, beacon fires are lit one after another to alarm. When the princes see the beacon fire, they immediately send troops to help and resist the enemy.

During the Western Zhou Dynasty, in order to prevent enemy invasion, "beacon tunnels" were used as emergency communication signals for border defense. There is a record in the ancient history book "Zhou Li": "On the passage from the frontier to the hinterland of each country, beacon towers were built at regular intervals, one after another, with oranges on the towers, and firewood on the heads of the oranges. When the enemy invades, the beacon towers will set off fireworks one after another to send warnings. At night, the watchmen will light the firewood in the cage and raise it high, and use the firelight to send messages to the podium, which is called a "beacon". During the daytime warning, the firewood accumulated on the platform was lit to indicate urgency, which was called "sui". In order to make the smoke straight and unbent so that it could be seen from a distance, the ancients often used wolf dung instead of firewood, so it was also called "sui". Also known as Wolf Smoke. The Zhou Dynasty stipulated that the emperor must immediately lead troops to rescue and resist the enemy together. It can be seen that the implementation of the beacon system means that there was a large and complete system as early as the Zhou Dynasty. Military information contact network

Didn’t you hear that there were flying pigeons delivering messages?

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It depends on what it is used for.

Delivering letters:

Ordinary civilians mainly rely on passers-by to deliver letters. , monks, literati and other traveling people, these people send messages that they can solve the problem of food and accommodation during the journey, and they are very willing!

The official is mainly a post station.

Military information:

The army must have full-time personnel in this area, as well as beacon towers and carrier pigeons.

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The accuracy of pigeon delivery is low. Most of them are letters, but they take a long time in months. Some of them are delivered by horseback. Express express, 200 miles express, 300 miles express, but it costs a lot of money. Generally, this kind of "express delivery" is mostly used for official correspondence.

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The ancients used to convey information in about the following ways -

Yuxi: insert Letters written with feathers indicate the urgency of war.

Chicken feather letters: generally used among civilians.

Feather letters: used to recruit troops.

Carrying pigeons: multi-purpose. Used in court, official families, and gangs.

Bamboo tubes: used by officials and civilians, similar to current envelopes.

Used for delivering urgent military information. , commonly known as "passing the gold medal"

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There are also military means such as beacon fire/wolf smoke

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You can use torches

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< p>The ancients used roughly the following methods to convey information:

[1] Feather letter: Letters with feathers inserted were mostly used for war emergencies.

[2]Ji Fei Xin: Generally used among the people.

[3] Yu Shu: used to recruit troops.

[4] The messenger pigeon delivers the message [the so-called flying pigeon delivers the message]

[5] The fast horse delivers the message.

[6] Bamboo tube: used by both officials and private citizens, similar to current envelopes.

[7] Urgent delivery: used to deliver urgent military information, commonly known as "passing gold medals".

[8] Different dynasties such as beacon fire/wolf smoke have different transmission methods.

Knotting a rope to remember things

In order to remember something, the ancients tied a knot on the rope.

When he sees this knot in the future, he will think of that incident. If he wanted to remember two things, he would tie two knots. After remembering three things, he would tie three knots, and so on. If he ties a lot of knots in the rope, he may not be able to remember the things he wants to remember, so this method is simple but unreliable. It is said that Darius, king of Persia, gave his commanders a rope with 60 knots and said to them: "Men of Ionia, from the day you saw me going out against the Scythians, untie the rope every day. On the day I finish untying the last knot, if I don’t come back, I’ll pack up your things and sail back by myself.”

Carving marks on stones is also one of the ways to help memory. Of course it is the same as knotting ropes to record events. This method cannot record the thing itself. It can only serve as a reminder for memory, and it is impossible to remember too much.

The ancients also used stones to mark the northernmost and southernmost points of the sun's projection, and scratched rocks to calculate the number of days in the solar and lunar cycles, so they developed a calendar.

△Carrier of Civilization—Papyrus

Writing is the most important carrier of human civilization. With writing, human knowledge can be recorded and spread widely across space and time. The ancient Egyptians used papyrus to record their scientific and technological achievements, which have been passed down through the ages.

The ancient Egyptians were the first to use hieroglyphs. Around the 27th century BC, their character library was already quite large. Later, they invented the pinyin alphabet, resulting in the simultaneous use of hieroglyphics and pinyin characters. After long-term development and evolution, a composite hieroglyphic system consisting of letters, musical notes and phrases has been formed. Nowadays, people can still clearly see ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs in pyramids, obelisks, temple walls and other places considered sacred or eternal. Later, for the convenience of writing, a more simplified hieroglyphic script called monk script was developed. The spread of the ancient Egyptian phonetic alphabet had a profound impact on the development of Western phonetic writing.

The Nile Delta is rich in a plant similar to reeds - papyrus (the English word papyrus comes from this). People cut the papyrus into small sections of suitable length, cut them open and flattened them, put them neatly together, and connected them into pieces. After drying, they became papyrus. They used reed sticks as pens, vegetable juice and black smoke powder to make ink, and wrote on papyrus. However, the papyrus will dry out and break into pieces over time, making it extremely difficult to preserve. Fortunately, there are still very few papyrus documents written in monk script that have survived in the world. A papyrus document hidden in the British Museum records the arithmetic and geometric achievements of the ancient Egyptians. According to legend, it was a man named Amos. A monk transcribed it from an old scroll of a king of the Twelfth Dynasty. These papyri provide us with extremely valuable ancient information.

With words and writing tools, ideas and techniques can be preserved and passed on, and culture will continue and develop.