Teaching pragmatics in a down-to-earth manner

Teaching pragmatics in a down-to-earth manner

? -Appreciation of Wang Jun's "Storm" class

Text/summer

What is pragmatics? The same is true of the use of language. Based on language and writing, aiming at pragmatic skills and Chinese literacy, and taking lifelong teaching of Chinese as the essence.

Pragmatic teaching is an important part of Chinese teaching. Teacher Wang Jun said, "As you sow, you reap. "Melon" and "bean" in Chinese teaching can only be "pragmatic" and not "other". Other' is just because of air, humidity, temperature, etc. Naturally improved after planting melons and beans. Teacher Yu Yingchao also said: "A class that attaches importance to the teaching of linguistics is a good class". The lesson Wind and Rain taught by Mr. Wang Jun is a representative pragmatic text lesson. Recently, the author studied it again and repeated his thoughts and gains as follows:

First, the "pragmatic point" is rich, single and diversified, and the classroom is three-dimensional.

It is an accepted fact that pragmatics is very important. However, which pragmatic points should be chosen for teaching is still a big problem that puzzles front-line teachers. Regarding the choice of pragmatic points, Mr. Wang Jun has developed two "transcendences": one is to transcend a single word or group of words and expand to a large group of words of paragraphs, articles, chapters and books; The second is to go beyond the traditional rhetoric method of "rhetoric" and enter the study of "rhetoric". Throughout the lesson "Storm", there are more than ten pragmatic points, such as profile description, material selection, vertical and horizontal layout of paragraphs, wonderful short sentences, strange metaphors, flexible movements, multi-angle description, adverbial postposition, word analysis, function word use and so on. These pragmatic points include "group words" and "large groups of words", both "figures of speech" and "no figures of speech".

Wind and Rain is the work of Mr. Jia Pingwa, who is known as a "genius". Although he doesn't write a word "wind" and "rain", he writes about wind and rain everywhere. As the saying goes, "Nothing is said, everything is romantic." The author's meticulous observation, rich imagination, novel metaphor, makes people immersive. Teaching "Wind and Rain" without teaching pragmatics will always lead to the regret of going to Baoshan empty-handed. Many classrooms grasp the pragmatic points of "side contrast" and "figurative personification", and the classroom slides on the plane level because of the single teaching content. Through multi-thing, multi-angle and multi-level analysis, Teacher Wang Jun constructed vivid and three-dimensional pragmatic functions, which made students walk back and forth in the text several times and gradually made clear the "ghost" of the "ghost talent" technique. In the original eyes, men have their own scenery and tastes, and they become strange people, strange words and strange scenery.

Second, the "five views" are connected in series, simplifying the complex and simplifying the classroom structure.

With regard to the practical operation of pragmatic texts, Mr. Wang Jun has developed two paths: one is focusing method-focusing on solving the most prominent language problems in the text. The second is divergence method-paying full attention to the "pragmatics" of the text. That is, "five reading methods-reading articles, paragraphs, sentences, words and meanings". The lesson "Wind and Rain" is a model of "Five Views" teaching.

"Five reading" is not an average effort, but focuses on reading paragraphs, sentences and words. Among them, the paragraph reading part focuses on "the mystery of paragraph development", and the test questions are set as follows:

Judging from the development of paragraph content, the writing of paragraph 1 and paragraph 7 are basically the same, and the writing of paragraph 2 is basically the same as other paragraphs. Can you see the mystery of paragraph unfolding?

Paragraph expansion is a novel pragmatic point. Through guidance and identification, let the students understand that paragraphs 1 and 7 belong to the vertical in-depth spreading mode of grasping one thing, and paragraphs 2 and so on belong to the horizontal spreading mode of copying many things, and then make it clear that some paragraphs are "sparse" and some paragraphs are "airtight". In this way, the relaxed and intensive paragraphs are spread out, and students can understand in their hearts that the teaching effect is solid and thorough.

The sentence-reading session is the best. Teacher Wang Can put forward some common pragmatic views. Like metaphor. Teacher Wang Jun not only talks about ontology and metaphor, but also says-

Subtle metaphor is often that the distance between ontology and carrier is far away, which is unexpected and reasonable, and turns decay into magic. This is the writer's vision.

This view is strikingly similar to Hegel. Hegel talked about metaphor in this way: "In order to avoid the ordinary, try to find the relevant characteristics in seemingly nondescript things, so as to combine the farthest things unexpectedly." It is the characteristic of a high-quality figurative sentence to catch people with novelty and win by surprise. This further teaching can not only guide students to understand Jia Pingwa's excellent language, but also guide students to write in the future. When writing metaphors, students will have good and bad standards in their hearts and will work hard in a novel direction. Tell the children the direction, this is an advanced classroom.

The micro-highlights are local, and the overall brilliance is the key. The five-view teaching method makes the teaching steps clear and simple, the teaching methods concise and effective, and the complexity is simplified and simple and orderly.

Third, the "small step" decomposition makes the depth simple and the classroom atmosphere interesting.

Teacher Yu Yingchao said: "People who can make depth in details are people who work rigorously, who study rigorously, who spend more time and energy than others to do the same thing well, and who can do things well." As far as classroom teaching is concerned, I think such details are reflected in the fineness of teaching steps. If every link is a long road, students will walk more lightly if they cut the long road into several short circuits. Shortening the long road is to make it easier, to make it easier, to take care of students' hearts and to be responsible for teaching results.

In the "five views" link, the first three links are all fine "small steps". The link of "reading an article" consists of three steps: finding materials from the original text, fine classification of materials and ingenious arrangement of materials. The link of "reading a paragraph" consists of two steps: "understanding the description object in the paragraph" and "identifying the expansion method of the paragraph"; The link of "reading sentences" consists of two steps: "choosing the most exquisite sentence" and "reading the original sentence". Strides become smaller, the long road becomes shorter, there are scenery step by step, and there are gains everywhere.

Teacher Wang Jun thinks that Chinese teachers should be Chinese teachers of the times. A remarkable feature of her class is that teachers are always at the forefront of the trend, and they can always inject "living water" into their teaching. For example, read the weather from the clouds and practice classification with "star classification"; "Small fresh meat" and "old bacon" in classroom language; And the live broadcast of "Interesting Point Research" which just ended at noon on May 28th, with the introduction of many materials, she integrated fashionable and fresh elements into Chinese teaching, seamlessly connected with students' cognition, and communicated at zero distance, which could instantly trigger children's songs. In the lesson "Storm", the links such as "Choose the most subtle sentences that impress readers" and "PK with Jia Pingwa" are very interesting, which greatly mobilized students' enthusiasm for participation. .

As the saying goes, "Tao leads, strength leads, and openness leads." In Mr. Wang Jun's class, students can always open their hearts and take out what they usually hide and lose face. "Expressing one's own spirit and not sticking to one pattern" is a distinctive style of youth language.

Fourth, "read meaning skillfully", read feelings, and have aftertaste at the end of class.

Young Chinese has a distinct proposition on the teaching of pragmatic texts: to realize the two-way exploration and interesting presentation of pragmatic and spiritual values. Therefore, in addition to the "four views" of pragmatics, there is also the "understanding" of the fifth view. For a long time, the Chinese community has often criticized those classrooms that blindly "talk about morality, love and feelings" and thought that "cultivating other people's land and ruining their own field". However, we should know that the field of Chinese is not only growing all kinds of knowledge and pragmatism, but also growing spiritual seedlings. Professor Pan Zhichang lamented: "Our Chinese teaching has lost its soul." Today, Chinese literacy is highly respected, and it is the responsibility and mission of Chinese class to educate students with appropriate humanistic feelings.

Reading a fable, the most important blow to readers is the final philosophical refinement, and the profound warning significance makes people instantly enlightened. In my opinion, the "meaning" in the "five-looking style" is similar to this. What do you think of "opinion"? Be brief, affectionate and powerful, and have the effect of "leopard tail". In the lesson "Storm", Wang Jun used "reading aloud with abnormal music". As long as the original text is slightly changed, students will become the main body of the text and have a strong sense of substitution, which will guide students from appreciating the storms of nature to thinking about the storms of life. The words are poor and the aftertaste is long.

As Mr. Ye Shengtao said in Suzhou Gardens, "No matter where a tourist stands, there is always a perfect picture in front of him." The same is true of the course of famous teachers, which is often read and updated.