Ming dynasty territory

Full Map of Ming Dynasty ()

The Ming Dynasty was the last feudal dynasty established by the Han nationality in the history of China.

The complete Ming Dynasty

Full Map of Ming Dynasty ()

The Ming Dynasty was the last feudal dynasty established by the Han nationality in the history of China.

The complete Ming Dynasty includes:

Western Wu period (1364-1368)

Ming dynasty (1368-1644)

Nanming period (1644-1662)

Ming and Zheng Dynasties (1662-1683)

The predecessor of the Ming Dynasty was the Western Wu regime established by Zhu Yuanzhang in 1364. 1368, Zhu Yuanzhang established the Ming Dynasty. In the seventeenth year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty (1644), Emperor Chongzhen hanged himself in Jingshan Park. After Emperor Chongzhen, Nanming regime and Zheng Ming of Taiwan Province Province appeared as the founding fathers of the Ming Dynasty. In the 16th year of Ming Dynasty (1662), Li Yong was killed in Kunming, and Nanming perished. In the thirty-seventh year of the Ming Dynasty (1683), the Manchu army, the last anti-Qing force in the Ming Dynasty, was destroyed.

Ming dynasty territory

Before Jiajing, the territory of the Ming Dynasty was generally "Korea in the east and Tufan in the west". South security is eleven thousand seven hundred and fifty miles from east to west and ten thousand nine hundred and forty miles from north to south. "100000 square kilometers. In the South China Sea, "a thousand miles of Changsha and a thousand miles of Wan Lishi" have all entered the territory. His voice was taught to pay tribute at the age of 18, instead of ordering officials to buy books. Persons detained in Hou Wei are not included in this figure. Alas! (Geography of Ming Dynasty)

In the early years of Ming Dynasty, soldiers were used against Mongolia for many times, and more than 40 health centers, such as Dongsheng Health Center, Yun Chuan Health Center, Guanshan Health Center, Quanning Health Center and Laohahe Health Center, were set up on the border with Mongolia, all of which were important frontier areas of Ming Dynasty. Its direction is roughly the line from Yinshan Mountain to the southern foot of Daqing Mountain to Xilamulun River. /kloc-After 0/5th century, due to the cold weather and poor farming, the frontier troops were transferred by the Prince of Yan to participate in the Jingnan War. So the border moved a little south. During Yongle period, Ming Chengzu made many northern expeditions, and the border situation once changed. However, after the middle of Ming Dynasty, as Mongolia became strong again, Mingbian moved south again. The Great Wall (then called the side wall) was built to defend Mongolia. Nine major towns (Liaodong, Jizhou, Fu Xuan, Datong, Yansui, Ningxia, Gansu, Taiyuan and Guyuan) were set up along the Great Wall to strengthen the defense. The Great Wall also became the northern part of the middle and late Ming Dynasty, and it was also the dividing line between farming areas and nomadic areas.

Zhu Yuanzhang set up Liaodong Division to manage Liaodong and Northeast China. And repeatedly marched into the Heilongjiang River basin, wooing the Jurchen tribe, and the Ming Dynasty forces once reached the estuary of Heilongjiang and Sakhalin Island. 1409, the Nur Puppet Division was established, and all the troops of the Ming Dynasty retreated to Liaodong. After the demise of the Ming Dynasty, even the Songhua River Basin was not visited, and the northeast defense was handed over to the northeast minority tribes to which the Ming Dynasty belonged. Nur Padawan * * * managed more than 30 health centers in/kloc-0, which were abandoned in 1434. During the orthodox period, the Jurchen Department of Wuliangha and Jianzhou of Mongolia moved southward and invaded the Dusi of Liaodong continuously. 1469 (the fifth year of Chenghua), the Liaodong side wall was built in the Ming Dynasty. /kloc-At the end of 0/6, Nuerhachi, the leader of the Jurchen in Jianzhou, began to rise, unified the Jurchen Department, and the health centers established in the Ming Dynasty gradually died out. 16 16 Nurhachi proclaimed himself emperor and won gold after the founding of the People's Republic of China. 16 19 After the Battle of Salhu, the late Jin army broke through the side wall of Liaodong and occupied most of the land in Liaodong. During the Hongwu period, the northwest border of Ming Dynasty arrived in Hami area of East Xinjiang and set up a series of health clinics. /kloc-After the 5th century, Turpan in the northwest and Mongolia in Qinghai became stronger and stronger. 1472, Hami Acropolis was once invaded by Turpan, and it was moved to the inland, then recovered, and merged again in 15 14. /kloc-after the second half of the 0/5th century, the northwest garrison was completely lost, and the Ming Dynasty retreated to Jiayuguan.

It was not until 138 1 year that southwest China was completely incorporated into the territory. And set up a series of toast and Xuanwei Division under its jurisdiction, and the border reaches the first line of north-central Myanmar, northern Laos and northern Thailand. But in the later period, these areas were mostly merged by countries all over the world. 1406, the Ming army attacked Annan, and the south was limited to the area of Darinan County. The following year, Annan's Political Department was established, with 15 prefectures, 36 states and more than 200 counties. Later, due to the fierce resistance of the local people, the Ming Dynasty gave up on 1427, and Annan restored the Li Dynasty. 1624, Dutch colonists entered the south of Taiwan Province Province and built the city of Gireland. Spanish colonists entered the northern part of Taiwan Province Province on 1626. 1642 The Netherlands expelled Spain, mostly. 166 1 year, Zheng Chenggong * * *, drove out the Dutch the following year and began to rule Taiwan Province province. 1553 Portugal acquired the right to anchor ships in Macao, and 1557 acquired the right of abode. But Ming * * * managed the Portuguese, and also owned Macao's * * *.

Administrative divisions in Ming dynasty

At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the provincial system of the Yuan Dynasty was followed, but later it was inconvenient, so it was reformed. 1376 (the ninth year of Hongwu), the province was changed to undertake the publicity and deployment department, but it was still customarily called "the province". 1370 city guards were set up in all provinces, and 1375 was changed to command the embassy department. 1428 After abandoning Annan, the Ming Dynasty set up 13 embassies in Beijing, including Shi Jing (northern Zhili), Shaanxi, Shandong, Henan (more than five northern provinces), Nanjing (southern Zhili), Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Huguang, Sichuan (more than five middle provinces), Guangdong and Sichuan. A * * * set up 16 Dusi, 5 Dusi and 2 Liusi in the Ming Dynasty. Thirteen of them are Dusi with the same name as the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and the other three are Wanquan Dusi, Daning Dusi and Liaodong Dusi. The five elements are Shaanxi (governing Ganzhou Wei, now Zhangye), Sichuan (governing Jianchangwei, now Xichang), Huguang (governing Yunyangwei, now Yunxian County, Hubei Province), Fujian (governing Jianning House, now Jian 'ou City) and Shanxi (governing Datong House). These two left-behind parts were Zhongdu left-behind department (now Fengyang) established in Hongwu period and Du Xing left-behind department placed in Chengtianfu (now Zhongxiang, Hubei) in Jiajing period. In addition, in Qinghai and * * *, where politics and religion are integrated, and in Wu Si Tibetan areas, Dusi and Dogan Dusi (actually controlled as temples of local religious leaders and fiefs of princes), as well as Hami and Quxian Wei, which are located in the border areas of Gansu and Qinghai today, all belong to the nature of imprisonment, which is different from the nature of Dusi and Hangdusi in the mainland.

In the Ming Dynasty, in order to prevent the concentration of local forces, a province was divided into three divisions: capital, cloth and press. After Xuande, ministers from six ministries and academies (Duchayuan) were sent to supervise local administration in the name of the governor. After Jingtai dynasty, it became the routine system of all provinces. The governor mainly acts as an agent in the military, which is divided into short-term and long-term The governor is in charge of civil affairs, and all provinces have it. Some governors have jurisdiction over two deployment sites, such as Shanxi and Henan governors in the orthodox period. Some countries have a province and a governor. Some provinces have several governors. For example, there are three governors in North Zhili: Shuntian Governor (in Zunhua), Baoding Governor (in Calm, now Zhengding, Hebei Province) and Fu Xuan Governor (in Xuanhua, Hebei Province, once in charge of Datong Prefecture, Shanxi Province); There are two governors in Nanzhili: Governor Ying Tian (in Suzhou, now Suzhou, Jiangsu) and Governor Fengyang (in Huai 'an, now Chuzhou, Huai 'an, Jiangsu). Some have governors at the junction of several provinces. For example, Governor Shao Ting in the south of Jiangxi province spanned Jiangxi, Guangdong and Fujian provinces.

The setting of administrative divisions in the Ming Dynasty generally conforms to the convenience of mountains and rivers, but there are still some unreasonable points. For example, South Zhili originally crossed Huaibei, Huainan and Jiangnan. Jiaxing, Huzhou and Hangzhou, however, were included in Zhejiang Province and separated from Suzhou, which is also the Taihu Lake basin. And Henan province also occupies part of the land north of the Yellow River. Guizhou province presents a butterfly shape with narrow middle and wide sides. According to Geography of Ming Dynasty, there were 140 states, 193 states and 165438 counties at the end of Ming Dynasty. According to "Shi Mingbing System II", there were 493 health centers and 359 health centers in the Ming Dynasty. In addition, Ming also set up a road between the province and the government and county. There are two kinds of roads: guard roads and patrol roads. The road from the Ming Dynasty to the Yuan Dynasty was the official government, with the amount of tax and grain as the dividing standard. More than two hundred mangoku grain is the upper house. Below 200,000 yuan,100,000 yuan is the middle-level government, and below100,000 yuan is the lower-level government.