How to plant Dendrobium

First, the choice of cultivation facilities

The establishment of a general greenhouse should meet the following conditions: the size of the greenhouse should be reasonably designed according to the planting scale, and the greenhouse is generally 30m long, 6 m (or 8m) wide, with a shoulder height of 1.8m and a total height of about 4 m; Roads with a width of about 1 m should be left between the seedbeds for management. The construction of greenhouse can choose steel skeleton, which is durable, but the one-time investment cost is high; You can also choose cement column construction, which has low one-time investment cost, but short service life, and the total cost is not lower than the former after many years. The roof of the shed is covered with plastic drip-free film and a sunshade net with a shading degree of 70%, and insect-proof nets are installed around the gate and the crowd. Nursery greenhouses should provide water, electricity and access. And it is best to install an automatic or manually controlled spraying system (spraying, spraying fertilizer and spraying medicine) in the shed.

Second, the preparation of seedbed

There is an elevated seedbed in the shed, which is convenient for controlling water and breathing. Thereby providing favorable conditions for the growth of tissue culture seedlings. Angle steel, wood strips and other materials can be used as the frame of seedbed. The length of the seedbed is the same as that of the greenhouse, the width is 65438 0.2m, and the overhead height is about 40cm. A passage is arranged between beds, which is convenient for breeding operation. In order to make full use of the space in the greenhouse, the seedbed can also be moved manually, leaving a passage, which can not only increase the cultivation area, but also meet the operation requirements. Steel wire mesh is generally laid at the bottom of the breeding bed. In order to prevent the matrix from leaking out of the gap, a 40-mesh insect-proof net is laid on the steel wire mesh. Then pour the prepared substrate on the cultivation bed with a thickness of 7- 15cm.

Thirdly, the preparation of matrix.

The choice of substrate has a great influence on the survival rate, growth, reproduction and yield of Dendrobium candidum, so the choice of substrate before transplanting is very important. There are various substrates that can be used to transplant Dendrobium candidum. Different researchers get different kinds of best substrates. Yuan et al. used river sand coarse granite, broken masonry, perlite (100%), perlite+coconut chaff (1: 1), coconut chaff (100%) and peat soil (100%) respectively. Fu Kaicong and others think that in several substrates, whether it is the survival rate, yield, roughness or height of Dendrobium candidum, the combination effect of wood block and moss is the best, and the growth performance is: wood block+moss >; Wood block+sawdust > wood block+humus soil > sawdust+river sand > sawdust+humus soil. Bai Hairdressing and others transplanted the sterile test-tube seedlings of Dendrobium candidum (height 5 cm) into the media of limestone gravel filter layer 5 cm+ humus soil 8 cm+ live moss 2 cm, limestone gravel filter layer 5 cm+ broken moss 8 cm+ live moss 2 cm, etc. The results showed that Dendrobium candidum grew best when the limestone gravel filter layer was 5 cm+ sawdust was 8 cm+ living moss was 2 cm. Deng used a 2 cm block of wood and moss mixed together at a ratio of 4: 1. After high-temperature disinfection and sterilization, it is soaked in clear water for 24 hours before use to make it fully absorb water, and the effect is good. The above substrates are selected by local growers according to different actual conditions.

Fourth, colonization.

According to the research, the best transplanting time is when the root length of tissue culture seedlings is 0.5- 1.0 cm. Before cultivation, the tissue culture seedlings of Dendrobium candidum were placed indoors for 20-25 days, and then the culture medium at the root of the tissue culture seedlings was washed with clear water and disinfected with 0. 1% chlorothalonil solution to prevent the root of the tissue culture seedlings from rotting. When planting, plant according to the row spacing of 15 cm×20 cm. When planting, the roots should be stretched naturally, and it is advisable to cover the roots with substrate, and gently lift the seedlings to make them fully contact with the substrate, and water the roots. Dendrobium candidum is a tufted plant, and the growth of multiple plants is better than that of single plant, and it is more suitable to use 1 tufted three plants. The suitable cultivation time is from March to June, during which the survival rate of tissue culture seedlings is high, which can reach more than 95% and grow healthily.

Too low or too high temperature is not suitable for transplanting time. In the main producing areas of Dendrobium candidum, generally speaking, except the coldest1-February and the hottest July. Transplanting can be carried out outside August, but April-May is generally selected. The best cultivation season sequence of Dendrobium candidum in Pu 'er area of Yunnan Province is from mid-March to mid-June >: from early September to165438+1late October > from late June to late l0 > from early February to early March of the following year.

Transplanting method When transplanting, you can dig a small hole 2-3 cm deep in the substrate. Gently punch holes in the roots of tissue culture seedlings after hardening and cleaning. Be careful not to break the fleshy roots of Dendrobium, and then cover them with substrate. Fu Kaicong and others found that the relationship between the size and survival rate of Dendrobium candidum test-tube seedlings was not obvious when transplanted in the best growing season, but the relationship between the yield and the length and thickness of test-tube seedlings was extremely obvious. He further analyzed that the seedlings are related to less organic matter and energy accumulated in the body, and the seedlings have poor ability and resistance to adapt to the outside world and grow slowly. Therefore, bare-rooted seedlings, few-rooted seedlings and polluted seedlings should be cultivated and managed separately from normal seedlings.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) greenhouse condition management

(1) Dendrobium candidum is an epiphyte with strong tolerance to locusts. It is best to have direct light before 10 am, and 20% ~ 30% scattered light is needed for the rest of the time. Generally, 75% movable sunshade nets are used in greenhouses. In summer, the shading degree should be appropriately increased to avoid the leaves from yellowing and falling off due to too much light, and in winter, the light intensity should be appropriately increased to avoid the weak growth of leaves due to insufficient light. The optimum light intensity for the growth of Dendrobium candidum is 5 000-65 438+00 000 lux.

(2) The temperature in the warm and humid greenhouse is kept at 25 ~ 30℃ during the day and at 15-20℃ at night, with the low temperature not lower than 8℃ and the high temperature not higher than 35℃. The humidity should be controlled at 60% ~ 80%. If it is high temperature and low humidity in summer, measures such as shading and micro-spraying can be taken to cool and humidify, but at the same time, attention should be paid to ventilation, especially in high temperature weather in summer, to prevent the occurrence of pests and diseases. When the temperature is low in winter, it can be controlled at around 10℃ by heating. The air humidity should be kept at about 90% within 1 week after transplantation and 70% ~ 80% after 1 week.

(3) Within 1 week after colonization, water kept the substrate moist, but no water accumulated. Spraying water is only used to increase air humidity and prevent leaf water from wilting due to excessive transpiration. After the new roots germinate, water them in the principle of alternating dry and wet. After one-time watering, water after the substrate surface turns white. You can't water them semi-suspended. The watering amount is different in different seasons. In summer, the temperature is high, the evaporation is large, and it is basically watered every day. In winter, the temperature is low and the water is not easy to dissipate, so it depends on the water content of the substrate. If the cultivation substrate is dry, some water can be added.

(4) The nutrition of aerial rooting of fertilizer Dendrobium candidum mainly depends on the fixation of free nitrogen in the air by cyanobacteria in the root system, but proper fertilization can promote the growth of stems and fertilizer leaves. After the new roots germinate, liquid fertilizer, such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution or potassium dihydrogen phosphate plus urea solution, can be sprayed at a concentration of about 0. 1%, and it is usually sprayed every day or so 1 time. 1 ~ 2 months later, the seedlings to be transplanted have gradually adapted to the new environment. When the new roots grow to about lO cm, slow-release granular fertilizer can be applied to help them grow sturdily.

Zhu Yan and others think that it is the best to apply 1/2 times nutrient solution after transplanting tissue culture seedlings. Bai Hairong and others have studied the effect of applying nutrient solution (mainly composed of potassium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, ferric sulfate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate with the concentration of 0.2%) on the yield of Dendrobium candidum. The results showed that spraying nutrient solution with proper concentration could greatly improve the yield of Dendrobium candidum. Dendrobium candidum is commonly used as foliar fertilizer. Bai Hairong thinks that the total content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 5 1% when foliar fertilizer is sprayed (n: P205: K20 = 25:13:13), and the total content of trace elements B, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn and Mo is L.

(5) Fu Kaicong, a plant growth regulator, and others think that applying exogenous auxin (such as GA 6-BA) can obviously promote the yield; Teng Jianbei and other studies show that. Hormone treatment can enhance the activity of active oxygen scavenger, reduce MDA produced by membrane lipid peroxidation, and help improve the stress resistance of Dendrobium candidum. Mo et al. think that at low concentration, with the increase of ABA (abscisic acid) concentration, the proliferation rate of protocorm accelerates, and the proliferation reaches the maximum when ABA concentration is 0.5 mg/L.