What should we do in the face of air pollution?

The circular of the Ministry of Environmental Protection requires all localities to strengthen communication with meteorological and other relevant departments, do a good job in the trend analysis and judgment of the pollution process, and timely release air quality information to the public in the affected areas through radio, television, internet, newspapers and other media to protect the people's right to know about the environment.

The notice pointed out that on the basis of continuing to strengthen the total control of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides in thermal power, steel, cement and other industries, we should focus on the pollution control of industrial smoke, construction dust, volatile organic compounds and motor vehicle exhaust, and establish the most stringent emission standards for air pollutants in key areas. Special emission quota system and double replacement system of total pollutants in new projects. Key areas such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta should establish and improve the joint prevention and control mechanism of regional air pollution prevention and control, and further enhance the overall synergy of regional pollution control. According to Xinhua News Agency

16, start or say goodbye to the ten "haze".

The Central Meteorological Observatory continued to issue a yellow warning of smog yesterday 18. It is estimated that from last night to this morning, Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong, Anhui and other places will still be filled with fog, and we still can't slack off the smog protection work.

It is not a new phenomenon this year that the haze weather continues and the air quality declines. In recent years, every autumn and winter, especially after winter, the central and eastern regions of China will encounter such a situation from time to time, both for meteorological reasons and for pollution discharge.

The Central Meteorological Observatory predicts that smog weather will continue in most parts of central and eastern China on June 5438+05. Ma Xuekuan, chief forecaster of the Central Meteorological Observatory, said: "Starting from 16, there will be a cold air affecting China, and the haze weather will gradually dissipate or obviously weaken from north to south."

Comprehensive Xinhua News Agency, etc

scientific popularization

How will cold air blow away pollution?

Ma Xuekuan, chief forecaster of the Central Meteorological Observatory, said that a cold air will affect China and blow away the smog of 16. How will cold air take away pollutants and improve air quality?

Qu Dan, an expert in the air quality automatic monitoring room of Changchun Environmental Monitoring Center Station, said that in general, the atmospheric temperature decreases with the increase of height, and the temperature decreases by about 0.6℃ for every increase of 100m. Below a few kilometers, the lower atmosphere is always high temperature and low density, while the upper atmosphere is low temperature and high density. This "top-heavy" atmospheric stratification is prone to rolling up and down, that is, "convection" movement, which is conducive to the diffusion of pollutants near the ground to the sky. However, in the northern winter, due to the weak solar radiation or the warm air flow after the cold snap, it is easy to have "inversion phenomenon", that is, "top-heavy". This state is generally very stable, and the inversion layer will cover the atmosphere like a big pot cover, so that the water vapor and pollutants in the lower layer cannot spread into space, which will easily lead to the formation of fog and the accumulation of pollutants. Once the cold air arrives, it will change this state, the "convection" movement of the atmosphere will be strong again, pollutants will spread more easily and air quality will be improved.

When will the cold air come? According to the forecast of Jilin Provincial Professional Meteorological Observatory, two cold air will affect our province this week, and it is expected that there will be two snowfall processes. There was light snow in the central and eastern parts of our province around 65438+ 10/5, and there was light snow in most parts of our province around the 20th. I hope that these two cold air streams will not "slack off" and really contribute to purifying the air.

Our reporter

ill

forecast

There may be light fog in our province today.

According to the meteorological information, it is predicted that there may be light fog in our province today. Yesterday 16: 09, the provincial meteorological bureau and the provincial health department jointly issued a yellow warning on the meteorological conditions of carbon monoxide poisoning: from the night of 14 to the day of 15, there was little wind and smoke in most parts of our province, and the meteorological conditions were not conducive to the smoke exhaust from the flue of coal-fired houses and the spread of air pollutants. Residents and units that use coal for heating should be vigilant and properly open windows for ventilation to prevent the occurrence of carbon monoxide poisoning.

Today, the whole province is cloudy during the day, with light snow in Baicheng, southern Songyuan, southern Changchun, Siping, Liaoyuan, northern Tonghua and western Baishan. From today's night to tomorrow's day, the whole province will be cloudy, with light snow in the east of Siping, Liaoyuan, Jilin, Tonghua, Baishan, western Yanbian and northern Changbai Mountain.

From 16 night to 17 day, the whole province turned cloudy and sunny. It is estimated that there will be a westerly wind of about level 2 in most areas of our province during the day.

Our reporter

Li Shuang

warn

What do we need to change?

What should we do in the face of polluted air? What do we need to change?

Can the status quo of coal-fired heating be changed?

Experts believe that the status quo of coal heating in Changchun will be difficult to change for a while.

One of the main sources of PM2.5 is coal burning. In the process of daily power generation and industrial production, the residue discharged from coal combustion contains a lot of PM2.5

Can Changchun cancel coal burning and adopt clean energy for heating? Bai Xiaoming, a researcher at the Provincial Academy of Environmental Sciences, said that at present, there are wind power generation in Taobei and other places in Baicheng, and local electricity can be used for heating. However, the heating area in Changchun is too large to be realized. If you use natural gas for heating, you will face the problem of insufficient supply. Therefore, Changchun will not change the status quo of relying on coal for heating for a while. He suggested that the boiler rooms in the residential area should be banned and all of them should be brought into central heating, which would improve the environment to a certain extent.

Do you need more greening?

Can increasing the green area solve the problem? Bai Xiaoming said: "Improving the greening rate of the city can play a positive role in eliminating PM2.5. This is a temporary solution, but to completely eradicate it, we must start from the source. This is the fundamental solution."

"To say which plants absorb fine particles well, it should be crown-leaf plants and arbor plants." Luo Dongming, an expert member of the three-dimensional greening group of China Green Building Committee and vice president of Shenyang Academy of Landscape Sciences, told reporters that in northern cities, urban green plants can really play a very good role in adsorbing dust and purifying the air in summer, but they are mostly dormant in winter, so the role of photosynthesis and adsorbing dust particles is quite limited. But in winter, the planting of evergreen trees such as cypress and Parthenocissus tricuspidata can be increased. He also suggested increasing the urban water area, such as artificial lakes.

Our reporter

Liu Ailing Zhongquan Intern

Xie Zhiyi

How to adjust the production mode of enterprises?

Many experts believe that the "new high" of PM2.5 value has a lot to do with the transformation of production mode, the inadequate adjustment of production structure and the excessive dependence of energy structure on coal.

"China's energy structure determines that the installed capacity of coal-fired units will increase for a long time to come, and the sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and soot emitted by thermal power plants will still increase." Pan Xiaochuan, a professor at Peking University, said that if the air pollutants emitted by thermal power plants are not effectively controlled, it will directly affect the improvement of air quality.

According to the research jointly released by Peking University College of Public Health and an international environmental protection agency, China's coal consumption increased by 7% in 20 1 1 year, and the total coal consumption in the whole year accounted for more than 40% of the world's coal consumption, far higher than the European Union and the world level.

Therefore, changing the mode of production, optimizing the industrial structure and adjusting the energy structure are the only way to reduce PM2.5. "Enterprises are the main manufacturers of PM2.5, and according to the principle of' whoever pollutes will control', they must be forced to transform and upgrade." Wang Yiwu, director of China Institute of Modern Economic Theory, Hainan University, believes that enterprises should implement clean production and use clean energy.

What changes are needed in our lifestyle?

Air pollution, everyone is a victim; However, most people are also more or less responsible. According to the data released by Beijing, one quarter of PM2.5 is "imported", and three quarters are Beijing's "self-produced" automobile exhaust, coal-fired emissions, industrial enterprise emissions, construction site dust, and agricultural burning straw. Among them, automobile exhaust probably contributed more than 22%. According to the 20 12 annual report on the prevention and control of motor vehicle pollution in China, the number of automobiles in China has reached 207.546 million, making it the largest motor vehicle production and sales country in the world for three consecutive years, and motor vehicle pollution has become an important source of air pollution in China.

Zhou Rong, an expert from the International Environmental Protection Agency, said: "It should be the consciousness of every citizen to drive less in polluted weather."

In the face of "poisonous fog", we should also reflect on which living habits have increased the "environmental load": littering, ignoring garbage classification, coveting the convenience of using plastic bags and disposable goods, burning leaves and straws, and unrestrained shopping. ...

"If everyone can rationally consume, resist wasteful consumption and realize green travel and green life, it will be a contribution to a fresh and pleasant environment." Zhou Wei said.

According to Xinhua News Agency

use for reference

United States: Set up thousands of monitoring points.

American environmental protection agencies have the right to legislate, enforce and punish; Thousands of particle monitoring stations have been established; The official website of the Environmental Protection Agency releases the air quality index to the public.

Philippines: vehicles reporting excessive emissions

The Philippine government launched a short message platform, calling on young people in mobile phone families to report and expose vehicles with excessive emissions through mobile phone short messages. Once reported by more than 5 people, the traffic control department will monitor it and rectify it within a time limit.

Japan: Urban Greening

Control the car

Tokyo, the capital of Japan, stipulates that new buildings must have green spaces and green roofs. The greening in Tokyo rarely plants grass, but trees, not only to green the area, but also to pursue green quantity. In addition, in 2003, Tokyo introduced legislation requiring vehicles to install filters and prohibiting diesel-powered vehicles from entering Tokyo.

point out

For PM2.5

Choose a mask like this.

You can wear a mask to prevent PM2.5, but you should pay attention to what mask to wear. It is recommended to use medical N95 or KN90 masks. KN90 can capture 90% of PM2.5, and N95 can capture 95%. It seems that N95 is the best, but it may not be. The more airtight the protective material of the mask is, the better the effect of blocking particles is. However, the more airtight the mask is, the greater the breathing resistance and the more difficult it is to breathe. Wearing professional protective mask N95 requires training, otherwise it will easily lead to dyspnea, hypoxia and dizziness. Try wearing KN90 mask first, if not, then consider N95. However, it should be reminded that children, the elderly, people with respiratory diseases and cardiovascular diseases should wear them carefully. If they wear them, the time should not be too long. Our reporter

Liu Ailing Zhongquan Intern

Xie Zhiyi

Matters needing attention in driving in foggy weather

The traffic police detachment of Changchun Municipal Public Security Bureau issued a notice for driving in foggy days on the Weibo:

Correct control of vehicle speed

When the visibility is less than 500 meters and more than 200 meters, the speed should be controlled within 80 kilometers per hour; Within 200 meters and 100 meters above should be controlled within 60 kilometers.

Rational use of lighting

When the visibility is less than 1 km, the headlights and rear fog lights must be turned on. If the fog continues to increase, turn on the front fog light.

Don't overtake blindly

When overtaking a vehicle parked on the side of the road, sound the horn at the right time and make a low-speed detour on the left side.

Drive carefully on the expressway

In case of sudden fog when driving in expressway, you should choose to take a break in the service area or drive out of expressway at the nearest exit.