How many satellite launch bases are there in China? What is the difference? What are the advantages of each?

There are three Jiuquan Satellite Launch Centers, xichang satellite launch center Satellite Launch Center and Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center.

Jiuquan Satellite Launching Center

Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center is one of the launch test bases for scientific satellites, technical test satellites and launch vehicles. It is the earliest and largest comprehensive missile and satellite launch center established in China, and the only manned space launch site in China.

Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center is located in the northeast of Jiuquan City, Gansu Province, northwest of China, with an altitude of 1 000m. It was built in June 1958, covering an area of about 2,800 square kilometers. The area is flat and sparsely populated, and belongs to the inland and desert climate. The annual average temperature is 8.7 degrees Celsius and the relative humidity is 35%-55%. It is dry all year round, short in spring and autumn, long in winter and summer, with more sunny days, less clouds, long sunshine time and difficult living environment, but it can provide good natural environment conditions for space launch. There are about 300 days a year for launch testing.

In the manned space mission, Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center mainly undertakes the organization and command of the launch site, carries out rocket testing, filling, launching, escape tower testing, fairing testing, joint inspection of people, ships, arrows and ground, docking of ship's arrow tower and overall transshipment, provides meteorological, metrological and technical service guarantee for the launch site, and organizes astronauts in the waiting area to evacuate and escape in case of emergency.

taiyuan satellite launch center

Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center is located in the plateau area in the northwest of Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province. Located in the temperate zone, with an altitude of about 1500m, it is adjacent to Luya Mountain Scenic Area. It is one of the test bases for experimental satellites, applied satellites and launch vehicles in China. The launch center has rocket and satellite test workshops, equipment processing rooms, launch operation facilities, flight tracking and safety control facilities. Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center has multi-directional, multi-orbit, long-distance and high-precision measurement capabilities, and undertakes the launching tasks of all kinds of medium and low orbit satellites and launch vehicles such as meteorology, resources and communication in sun-synchronous orbit. The launch center was established in 1967. Winter here is long without summer, and spring and autumn are connected. The frost-free period is only 90 days, and the average annual temperature is 5℃.

1968 18 February 18 The first medium-range launch vehicle designed and manufactured by China was successfully launched. On September 7, 1988 and September 3, 1990, the center successfully put China's first and second Fengyun 1 meteorological satellites into sun-synchronous orbit by cz-4. In addition, it also conducted a series of launch vehicle tests. 1on February 8, 1997, the center made its first international commercial launch, and successfully put two iridium satellites made by Motorola in the United States into the scheduled orbit. 65438+1May, 1999 10, the center successfully launched Fengyun-1 meteorological satellite and Shi Jian-5 scientific experimental satellite into a sun-synchronous orbit with an orbit height of 870 kilometers by the Long March 4B carrier rocket. This is the seventh consecutive successful space launch by the center in the form of one arrow and two stars.

Xichang Satellite Launch Center

Xichang satellite launch center was founded on 1970. It is a space launch base that mainly undertakes the launch of geosynchronous orbit satellites, and undertakes the test launch and application launch tasks of communication, broadcasting and meteorological satellites. Xichang satellite launch center is located in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province, with its headquarters in Xichang City, Sichuan Province. The satellite launch site is located in the hinterland of Daliangshan Gorge, 65 kilometers northwest of Xichang City. Since 1984 successfully launched the first experimental communication satellite, by the end of 2003, 34 satellite launches had been successfully organized at home and abroad. 1986, Xichang Satellite Launch Site was officially opened to the public. The region has a subtropical climate, with an annual average temperature of 16 degrees Celsius, and a moderate surface wind throughout the year. The best release season is from June 10 to May of the following year. The launch center was completed at 1983. Since 1984, China's first experimental communication satellite, practical communication broadcasting satellite and practical communication satellite have been launched one after another. 1990, the American-made "Asia 1" communication satellite was sent into geosynchronous transfer orbit. In April 2004, "Experimental Satellite No.1" and "Naxing No.1" were successfully launched in xichang satellite launch center, which was the first time that the center launched a sun-synchronous orbit, which indicated that the space launch capability of the center was further improved and it could launch multi-directional and multi-orbit satellites. As of April 2004, the center has two independent launch stations, which can launch different types of Long March launch vehicles, send large-tonnage satellites into synchronous transfer orbit and send small satellites into sun-synchronous orbit.