Geography major

Saihanba's earliest impression was that there was an advertisement behind "News 30 Minutes" at noon, "Come on, hoo-hoo!" Later, the text of the third compulsory textbook "Desertification Control" quoted the case of Saihanba Forest Park and briefly understood the development background of this plantation. From then on, I was full of yearning for this beautiful forest watered by the blood and tears of three generations of forest protection workers!

This summer vacation, our group drove more than 1000 kilometers to come here. Walking from the Yudaokou grassland and stepping into the forest area at once, I can't help but be shocked by this forest! Where is the sign that "birds have no habitat, and yellow sand covers the sky"? This is "the world of flowers, the ocean of forests, the source of water and the hometown of clouds"! It coincides with the sunny weather, and the low clouds in the sky echo the Songtao Linhai on both sides of the road. Frame after frame, the picture scroll is dizzying and even sighing!

Memories of the past are the future teachers in front of me, and bursts of pines are the watering of generations of youth, blood and tears and hymns.

Formation of plateau desertification

The main man-made cause of land desertification in Saihanba is over-reclamation.

Saihanba, translated as "beautiful Gaoling" in Chinese, is located on the southern edge of Hunshandake sandy land in Inner Mongolia Plateau. Historically, Saihanba is a famous natural garden with abundant aquatic plants, dense forests and numerous birds and animals. Liao and Jin Dynasties were called "Thousand-Li Pine Forest", and in Qing Dynasty it was used as a hunting place for emperors (Mulan paddock). With the development of history of qing dynasty, the Qing government opened a reclamation area in the second year of Tongzhi (1863) due to corrupt officials and decadent finances, and then the forest vegetation was destroyed. Later, it was plundered and cut down by the Japanese invaders and suffered from mountain fires for years. By the early days of liberation, the virgin forest had disappeared. Saihanba has changed from an ancient sacred place into a beautiful mountain and dense forest and a hunter's watch.

Copy of geography test questions:

? The main man-made causes of land desertification in Saihanba are briefly described.

? A: Rapid population growth leads to overexploitation and overgrazing; Years of war have caused serious damage to vegetation.

? Saihanba is a long road to sand control

Description of natural contour

Saihanba Machinery Forest Farm is located in the northern part of Weichang Manchu and Mongolian Autonomous County, the northern end of Hebei Province (270 kilometers away from Beijing) and the southern edge of Hunshandake Sandy Land. North, west and Inner Mongolia Hexigten Banner and Duolun County across the river; The south and east are adjacent to Yudaokou Ranch and Weichang County respectively, and are divided into dam top and dam bottom according to topography:

? Bashang is the southern edge of Inner Mongolia Plateau, which is dominated by hills and Dian Man, with an altitude of1500-1939.6m. Bashang is the intersection of the yinshan mountains and Daxing 'anling, with a typical mountainous terrain, with an altitude of101450m.

? The territory is one of the birthplaces of Luanhe River and Liaohe River. The forest region has a special climate, with long winter, short spring and autumn and small temperature difference in summer, which belongs to the continental monsoon climate of cold temperate zone. In 1990s (1990- 1999), the average temperature in Bashang area was-1.0℃, and the extreme maximum and minimum temperature was 3 1. 9℃ and -38.7℃, the annual precipitation is 539 mm, and the average annual precipitation days 168.

The soil types are mainly mountain brown soil, gray forest soil and aeolian sandy soil. Saihanba is located in the ecotone between forest and grass, with various vegetation types, including deciduous coniferous forest, evergreen coniferous forest, mixed coniferous forest, broad-leaved forest, shrub, grassland, meadow and swamp and aquatic community. This forest area is rich in wildlife resources.

? Copy of geography test questions:

(1) Describe the topographic features of Saihanba area.

(2) Explain the reasons why sandstorms hit Beijing after the destruction of Saihanba virgin forest.

(3) Analyze the reasons of slow growth of trees in Saihanba Forest Farm from the perspective of climate.

Answer:

(1) Plateau (mountain) and plain are dominant; The terrain gradually decreases from northwest to southeast (stepped).

(2) Close to the source of the winter wind, the winter wind is strong; After the destruction of Saihanba virgin forest, Beijing lost its green barrier (the winter wind blew in, causing sandstorms to invade south); The terrain is high in the northwest and low in the southeast, which is conducive to the southward invasion of sandstorms; Beijing is near Hunshandake sandy land.

(3) High terrain and insufficient heat conditions (short growth period); It belongs to the transition zone from semi-arid area to semi-humid area, with less precipitation; It is windy in winter and vulnerable to low temperature and freezing injury.

? The "killer" of sand control in dry land

? 1962, Saihanba mechanical forest farm was established. In 56 years, the forest coverage rate increased from 1 1.4% to 80%, and the forest stock increased from 330,000 cubic meters to10/20,000 cubic meters. Every year, water resources are conserved, water quality is purified by 65.438+37 billion cubic meters, carbon dioxide is absorbed by 747,000 tons, and oxygen is released by 545,000 tons. The total value of forest assets of forest farms reached 20.2 billion yuan.

? Some people say, "This1120,000 mu plantation has nearly 500 million trees. If one plant is arranged one meter, it can circle the equator 12.5 times. " What has "she" experienced? I think the following points are the methods to successfully control sand in Saihanba forest.

? First, science and technology are the primary productive forces.

In "Beautiful Youth", we saw that the climate was bad at the beginning of the construction of Saihanba, the desertification area was expanding, and the survival rate of afforestation was extremely low. Drought and cold, the seedlings transferred from abroad are difficult to adapt to the harsh living environment because of the long distance, and the survival rate is low. Therefore, the forest farm built its own nursery, which overcame the technical difficulties of all-light seedling raising in the alpine region and realized local seedling raising.

Access to information-Saihanba has carried out three technical transformations on afforestation machinery, namely, assembling automatic watering device, pressing roller chain connection and planting seedlings with felt clip spring. Combined with artificial measures such as trampling and seedling righting, the forest farm has solved the problems of poor drought resistance of seedlings planted by mechanical afforestation, unstable soil hardening around seedlings and mechanical damage to seedlings, and improved the survival rate of mechanical afforestation in cold areas from less than 40% to more than 95%.

Second, scientific management is the way to operate.

In 1980s, Saihanba mechanical forest farm changed from afforestation period to silviculture period. "Education, protection, innovation and reform" should be combined, diversified and comprehensively applied.

? From The Most Beautiful Youth, it can be seen that the laboratory science of larch seed cultivation is to establish "snow storage and sand mixing" in the forest area for seed treatment, which ensures the emergence rate and seedling raising rate. In the aspect of afforestation, the value shovel, a seedling raising tool, was innovated, which improved the seedling raising efficiency. Combine harvesting and reproduction in the forest, go small and stay big. Wanghailou, a forest fire prevention platform, ensures the safety of forest resources.

I saw a cart full of wood with my own eyes, and I also saw small saplings several feet high picking seeds on the barren hills! This scientific management method makes people respect this good management ecosystem!

? Third, the management concept of sustainable development.

"Use forests without destroying forests", there are larch, Korean pine, Mongolian pine and birch forests in Saihanba forest area. Each forest species is its own piece, which forms diversified management in the forest area and establishes a complex ecosystem in this area.

Deep into the forest area, you can clearly see the trucks carrying wood, and the figure of loggers is also faintly visible. However, at the same time, we can also see piles of "artificial soil" made of fermented cattle and sheep manure, and forest workers are still busy with their work. Saihanba people have no "ecological dividend". Instead, the forest area should establish its own green seedling base, transport the seedlings to all parts of the country, turn the advantages of forest resources into economic advantages, and continue to develop this "ecological dividend".

Copy of geography test questions:

(1) The main natural reasons for the low survival rate of afforestation in the initial stage of forest farm construction were speculated.

(2) How does the ecological environment restoration of Saihanba reflect the concept that "clear water and green mountains are priceless"?

Answer:

(1) Saihanba area has high latitude, insufficient heat, and is in the transition zone between monsoon area and non-monsoon area, with little precipitation; The ecological environment is harsh, and meteorological disasters such as drought, strong wind and freezing damage occur frequently; Wind erosion and water erosion are strong and soil fertility is low.

(2) The restoration of ecological environment and the construction of economic forest in Saihanba area have promoted the development of local forestry and regional economy; The restoration of ecological environment in Saihanba area has increased biodiversity, formed unique tourism resources and promoted the development of tourism.

? Saihanba Forest Farm, from plateau desert to forest ocean, is a typical case of successful management of scenic forest, field, lake and grass system, and every grass and tree deserves our careful taste!

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