The climate in the south is pleasant. Why are ancient capitals rarely in the south?

First, there is a dense water network in the south, with frequent floods every year. In ancient times, it was convenient and quick to build the capital. If it takes several years for a country's capital to be built, it will definitely be too late, because a country's capital carries economic and cultural functions. Only the city capital that can be established quickly can undertake these functions. However, most areas in the south are densely covered with water networks, and floods occur frequently every year. As a result, once the southern cities are completed, they will spend a lot of money to build river banks and dams every year to solve the problems of the affected people. In the north, you don't have to worry about this danger. Because the weather in the north is slightly drier than that in the south every year, and there is not much rainfall, it can remain sunny all year round. In addition, the north is dry all the year round, and it is easier to build traffic and roads than the south.

Second, the birthplace of culture and the original proportion of historical population determine that the north has become the capital center of successive dynasties. As we all know in history textbooks, the cultural origin of China is the Yellow River Basin, followed by the area north of the Yangtze River. The Yellow River basin belongs to these places in the north, and there are many fertile fields for northerners to live and grow food. This initial cultural origin and population distribution are doomed, and the north will become the first choice for the economic center and capital construction of dynasties. If you want to move the population from the north to the south to build the capital, not only the human and material costs are immeasurable, but also the ethnic minorities in the south are facing a very difficult problem. In addition, the south has a small population and must take care of the majority, so it chooses to build its capital in the north.

Third, the northern terrain is easier to resist foreign enemies, while southern Ma Pingchuan has no comparative advantage. There are hilly and mountainous terrain and a large number of dense jungles near the Yellow River, which can effectively build the capital and use the terrain to resist foreign invasion. Ma Pingchuan is in the south, and there is no terrain suitable for the dynasty to avoid danger. On the other hand, all previous dynasties attached importance to the direction of external expansion. The direction and area that the capital can expand in the north can radiate to the whole country, while the capital in the south can only face a wider plain.