What is smog?

Question 1: What is smog? Where does the smog come from? This is a special weather phenomenon. Non-aqueous substances such as dust, sulfuric acid, nitric acid and organic hydrocarbons in the air make the atmosphere turbid, blur vision and worsen visibility. If the horizontal visibility is less than 10000 meters, it will cause sight distance obstacle.

Toxic and harmful substances in smog are very harmful to patients with respiratory diseases. Atmospheric fine particles mainly come from direct pollution sources and secondary generation of polluted gases. The direct emission of fine particles mainly comes from industrial production processes such as steel and cement, as well as dust. The so-called secondary fine particles are mainly the polluted gases emitted by pollution sources, such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, ammonia and organic matter, which are produced under certain weather conditions. The formation mechanism of these particles is very complicated, which is the focus of current research. Sulfur dioxide mainly comes from coal combustion, and nitrogen oxides mainly come from high temperature combustion process. Whenever combustion occurs, nitrogen oxides will be produced. Such as burning coal, burning straw, burning garbage and so on. , will produce nitrogen oxides. Ammonia mainly comes from aquaculture, agricultural production, industrial production and natural emissions. In addition, sandstorms, cooking, barbecue and so on. It also has an impact. When cooking in the kitchen, such as cooking, oil evaporates and burns at high temperature, which will produce harmful organic gases and particles. It has existed for many years, especially in heavy industrial cities. I just didn't realize it before, until PM2.5 was exposed and then spread through the Internet and media, we began to pay attention to smog.

20 13 smog is the key word of the year. As soon as the TV station reported it, everyone knew about it Haze (wü má i, expressed in English as *** og/haze) is a combination of fog and haze. Smog is very common in cities. In many areas of China, fog and haze are combined as disastrous weather phenomena for early warning and forecasting, which are collectively called "haze weather".

There are several reasons for the smog weather.

1. The main factor when the atmospheric pressure is low and the air does not flow. Because the air does not flow, the tiny particles in the air gather together and float in the air.

2. The ground is dusty and the air humidity is low. People and vehicles on the ground stir up dust.

3. Automobile exhaust is the main pollutant emission. In recent years, there are more and more cars in cities, and automobile exhaust is a factor of smog.

4. Secondary pollution produced by factories.

5. CO2 and other pollutants emitted by heating in winter.

Because smog will do harm to people's health:

1. Effects on respiratory system. The composition of smog is very complex, including hundreds of atmospheric chemical particles. Among them, aerosol particles smaller than 10 micron are harmful to health, such as mineral particles, sea salt, sulfate, nitrate, organic aerosol particles, fuel, automobile exhaust, etc., which can directly enter and adhere to human respiratory tract and alveoli. In particular, submicron particles will be deposited in the upper and lower respiratory tract and alveoli respectively, causing acute rhinitis and acute bronchitis. For patients with chronic respiratory diseases such as bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis, obstructive emphysema, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, smog weather will make the condition acute or acute. Staying in this environment for a long time will also induce lung cancer.

2. Influence on cardiovascular system. There are many pollutants in the air in foggy days, and the air pressure is low, which is easy to induce acute attacks of cardiovascular diseases. For example, when the fog is heavy, the water vapor content is high. If people exercise outdoors, the sweat of human body is not easy to be discharged, which causes people to feel chest tightness and blood pressure to rise.

3. Hazy weather will also lead to the weakening of ultraviolet rays in the surface layer, which can enhance the activity of infectious bacteria in the air and increase infectious diseases.

4. In foggy days, due to the decrease of sunshine, children's ultraviolet radiation is insufficient, vitamin D production in the body is insufficient, and the absorption of calcium is greatly reduced, which will seriously cause rickets in infants and children, and slow down the growth and development of children.

5. Affect mental health. The gloomy and foggy weather is prone to mental laziness, depression and pessimism due to the weak light and low air pressure, and even it is easy to get out of control at the slightest sign of trouble.

Therefore, go out as little as possible in foggy days. If you go out, you should be well protected. On this day, Puweixin, a cat imported from America, will help you reduce smog inhalation. I wish you the best of health!

Question 2: What is smog? Fog is a water vapor condensate composed of a large number of tiny water droplets or ice crystals suspended in the air near the ground, which is often milky white, making the horizontal visibility less than 1 km. Haze refers to the phenomenon that a large number of extremely fine particles float evenly in the air, which makes the air with horizontal visibility less than 10 km generally turbid. These particles mainly come from nature and human activities. Haze will make bright objects in the distance slightly yellow and red, and dark objects slightly blue.

The main differences between fog and haze include: First, the visibility range is different. The horizontal visibility of fog is less than 1 km, and that of haze is less than 10 km. Second, the relative humidity is different. When fog appears, the relative humidity is supersaturated, and when haze appears, the relative humidity is low. Third, the time of appearance is different. Fog is most likely to appear from midnight to early morning; The diurnal variation characteristics of haze are not obvious, and it is easy to appear when the air mass is stable. In order to be healthy, we wear Puweixin imported from America when we go out.

Question 3: What does smog mean? How is the smog formed? Clear mechanism, participation of the whole people, starting from me, and fighting smog. Drive less, travel environmentally, use clean energy and other technologies to vigorously develop a low-carbon economy.

Establish and improve the system of laws and regulations to control smog according to law.

Evacuate people and industrial enterprises

Strengthen the comprehensive control of motor vehicle exhaust emissions.

Masks can not only prevent smog, but also block droplets carrying bacteria and viruses. These droplets can spread through the air, and the spread distance of infectious droplets can even reach about 48 meters. Droplets are a potential health threat. If inhaled for a certain period of time, and the body's resistance is just weak, it is likely to develop into a disease. Spring is a period of high incidence of infectious diseases, so it is particularly important to take preventive measures. Wear masks in crowded public places, wash your hands before eating, and exercise to enhance your resistance. Puweixin, an advanced medical mask imported from the United States, can effectively filter bacteria spread in the air, and is comfortable to wear without suffocation or strangulation marks. The material in contact with the skin is hypoallergenic and suitable for wearing in spring.

Question 4: What is the general term for smog, fog and haze? There is a great difference between fog and haze. Haze means haze. The aerosol system composed of dust, sulfuric acid, nitric acid and other particles in the air causes visual impairment. When water vapor condensation intensifies and air humidity increases, haze will turn into fog. The difference between haze and fog is that the relative humidity is small when haze occurs, but it is saturated in fog (if there are a large number of condensation nuclei, the relative humidity may not reach 100%, and saturation may occur).

Haze weather is a state of air pollution, and smog is a kind of pollution to the atmosphere.

Hazy weather pictures (6 photos)

It is generally said that the content of floating particles exceeds the standard, especially PM2.5 (particles with a particle size less than 2.5 microns), which is considered to be the "culprit" causing haze weather. There are many sources of smog, such as automobile exhaust, industrial emissions, building dust, garbage incineration, and even volcanic eruption. Hazy weather is usually formed by the mixed action of various pollution sources. However, in the smog weather in different regions, the role of different pollution sources is different.

Haze weather has existed since ancient times, and human activities or natural phenomena such as slash-and-burn and volcanic eruption may lead to haze weather. However, after mankind entered the era of fossil fuels, the smog weather really threatened the living environment and health of mankind. Rapid industrialization and urbanization lead to rapid energy consumption, high concentration of population and destruction of ecological environment, which have laid the groundwork for the formation of haze weather.

The formation of smog has both a "source" and an "accomplice", which is a meteorological condition that is not conducive to the spread of pollutants. Once pollutants accumulate for a long time under static meteorological conditions, it is easy to form haze weather.

First, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and inhalable particles are the main components of smog. The first two are gaseous pollutants, and the last particulate matter is the chief culprit that aggravates smog weather pollution. Together with the fog, they make the sky gloomy in an instant. The abbreviation of particulate matter is PM, and what Beijing monitors is fine particulate matter (PM2.5), that is, pollutant particles with a diameter less than or equal to 2.5 microns. This particle itself is not only a pollutant, but also a carrier of toxic substances such as heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

Second, the sources of toxic particulate matter in cities: First, automobile exhaust. Cars that use diesel are "habitual criminals" who emit particles. Small cars that use gasoline emit gaseous pollutants, such as nitrogen oxides, which are easily converted into secondary particulate pollutants in foggy days, aggravating smog.

Fog is an aerosol system composed of a large number of tiny water droplets or ice crystals suspended in the air near the ground, which often appears in autumn and winter (which is also one of the reasons for the large-scale haze weather in China in June 20 13), and is the product of water vapor condensation (or condensation) in the air near the ground. The existence of fog will reduce air transparency and worsen visibility. If the horizontal visibility of the target drops below 1000m, the weather phenomenon of water vapor condensation (or condensation) suspended in the air near the ground is called fog. The phenomenon that the horizontal visibility of the target is 1000- 10000 meters is called light fog or mist. When fog is formed, the atmospheric humidity should be saturated (if there are a large number of condensation nuclei, the relative humidity may not reach 100%, and saturation may occur). Because the light scattered by fog composed of liquid water or ice crystals has little to do with wavelength, the fog looks milky white or bluish white and gray.

Haze is composed of particles such as dust, sulfuric acid, nitric acid and organic hydrocarbons in the air. It will also make the atmosphere turbid, blur the vision and worsen the visibility. If the horizontal visibility is less than 65,438+00,000 meters, the sight distance obstacle caused by this non-aqueous aerosol system is called haze or dust haze, and the Hong Kong Observatory calls it haze.

Question 5: What does smog mean? How is the smog formed? 1. Smoke is a mixture of fog and haze. When the humidity is high in the morning and evening, there are many components of fog. When the daytime humidity is low, haze is the main force, and the relative humidity is between 80% and 90%. Among them, fog is a natural weather phenomenon, and the water vapor in the air is dense. Although dust is the condensation core, it is generally non-toxic and harmless; The core substances of smog are substances suspended in the air such as smoke and dust. The relative humidity of the air is below 80% and the color is yellow. Gas can directly enter and attach to human lower respiratory tract and lung lobes, which is harmful to human health. The formation of haze weather is mainly man-made environmental pollution, and natural conditions such as low temperature and little wind make it difficult for pollutants to spread.

Second, the main reasons for the formation of haze weather are as follows:

1. In these areas, the relative humidity of the air near the ground is relatively high, and the ground dust is relatively large, which is agitated by people and traffic on the ground;

2. There is no obvious cold air activity, the wind is small and the atmosphere is relatively stable. Because the air does not flow, tiny particles in the air gather and float in the air;

3, the sky is clear and partly cloudy, which is beneficial to radiation cooling at night, so that the near-surface air with relatively high humidity is saturated and condensed to form fog.

4. Automobile exhaust is the main pollutant emission. In recent years, there are more and more cars in cities, and automobile exhaust is a factor of smog.

5. Secondary pollution produced by factories;

6. CO2 and other pollutants emitted by heating in winter.

Large-scale haze weather mainly appears in the situation of large-scale atmospheric circulation with weak cold air and good water vapor conditions, and the low altitude near the ground is still wind or breeze. Due to the high humidity and high water vapor in foggy days, fog droplets provide adsorption and reaction sites, which accelerate the transformation of reactive gaseous pollutants into liquid particulate components, and particulate matter is also easy to act as condensation nuclei to accelerate the formation of smog, and the interaction between them quickly forms pollution.

I hope I can help you adopt. Thank you. Come on ~

Question 6: What is smog? It is a combination of fog and haze. Smog is very common in cities. In many areas of China, fog and haze are combined as disastrous weather phenomena for early warning and forecasting, which are collectively called "haze weather".

Haze is the result of interaction between specific climatic conditions and human activities. The economic and social activities of high-density population will inevitably emit a large number of fine particles (PM 2.5). Once the emission exceeds the atmospheric circulation capacity and carrying capacity, the concentration of fine particles will continue to accumulate. At this time, if it is affected by calm weather, it is easy to have a wide range of smog.

Question 7: There is a difference between what causes smog and haze. Fog refers to the weather phenomenon that the visibility is lower than 1 km due to the condensation of suspended water vapor in the atmosphere; The formation of smog is mainly the result of a large number of suspended particles in the air and meteorological conditions.

To put it simply, the increase in the concentration of particulate matter (including coarse particulate matter PM 10 and fine particulate matter PM2.5) in the atmosphere caused by meteorological conditions, industrial production, motor vehicle exhaust emissions and coal burning in winter is an important factor of smog.

Divided into: human factors and climate factors.

Human factors: the source of toxic particles in cities

First: it's automobile exhaust. Large vehicles that use diesel are "recidivists" who emit PM 10, including buses, shuttle buses of various units and large transport trucks. Sources of toxic particulate matter in cities: firstly, automobile exhaust. Cars that use diesel are "habitual criminals" who emit particles. Small cars that use gasoline emit gaseous pollutants, such as nitrogen oxides, which are easily converted into secondary particulate pollutants in foggy days, aggravating smog.

Vehicle exhaust is the main component of smog particles. According to the latest data, motor vehicle exhaust accounts for 22.2%, coal combustion accounts for 16.7%, dust accounts for 16.3%, and industry accounts for 15.7%. However, with the development of automobile technology and the improvement of oil quality, environmental managers have found that motor vehicle exhaust does not play a decisive role in the formation of haze weather. However, as some cities with large car ownership, managers still need to control vehicle emission standards to avoid the formation of haze weather.

Second: the waste gas produced by burning coal for heating in winter in the north.

Third: the waste gas emitted by industrial production. For example, metallurgy, kilns and boilers, electromechanical manufacturing, automobile repair and paint and building materials production produce a lot of waste gas from kiln combustion.

Fourth: Dust generated by construction sites and road traffic.

Fifth, the particle size of growable particles, bacteria and viruses is equivalent to PM0.1-PM2.5. When the humidity and temperature in the air are appropriate, microorganisms will attach to particles, especially oil fume particles, which will adsorb oil droplets and transform them into more microorganisms, which will increase the growth of biotoxic substances in smog.

6. Dust "smog" will also be produced in home decoration. Indoor dust is pervasive, which is not only harmful to the health of staff and users, but also increases the cleaning burden. When the dust is serious, it also brings many hidden dangers to the decoration project.

In addition to meteorological conditions, the increase of atmospheric particulate matter (including coarse particulate matter PM 10 and fine particulate matter PM2.5) caused by industrial production, vehicle exhaust emissions and coal burning in winter is an important factor of smog. At present, the level of pollutant discharge in many cities is at a critical point, which is very sensitive to meteorological conditions. When the diffusion conditions are good, the air quality can reach the standard, and once adverse weather conditions are encountered, the air quality and visibility will drop immediately.

climatic factor

First, the phenomenon of static wind in the horizontal direction has increased.

The higher the buildings are built in the city, the obstruction and friction of airflow passing through the urban area will be obviously weakened. The increase of static wind phenomenon is not conducive to the diffusion and dilution of suspended particles in the atmosphere, and it is easy to accumulate around urban areas and suburbs.

Second, the vertical direction is reversed.

The inversion layer is like a pot cover over a city. This inversion phenomenon that the upper air temperature is higher than the lower air temperature limits the vertical movement of the lower air, making it difficult for suspended particles in the air to drift to the upper air and be blocked at the lower air and near the ground.

Third, the increase of suspended particulate matter and organic pollutants in the air. With the growth of urban population and industrial development, the number of motor vehicles has surged, resulting in a large increase in pollutant emissions and suspended solids.

Question 8: How is the smog formed? Haze is a combination of fog and haze. Because of the deterioration of air quality, cloudy days have increased and the harm has increased. In many areas of our country, the smog weather phenomenon is combined with fog as an early warning and forecast of disastrous weather. Collectively referred to as haze weather. Composition and causes of smog. Sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and inhalable particles are the main components of smog. The first two are gaseous pollutants, and the last particulate matter is the chief culprit that aggravates smog weather pollution. They combine with fog and instantly turn the sky gray. The English abbreviation of particulate matter is PM, and now the high-frequency vocabulary of air PM2.5 refers to pollutant particles with a diameter less than 2.5 microns. This particle itself is not only a pollutant, but also a carrier of toxic substances such as heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Second, the source of toxic particles in cities: first, automobile exhaust. Large-scale vehicles that use diesel are felons who emit fine particles, including buses, shuttle buses of various units and large transport trucks. Small cars that use gasoline emit gaseous pollutants, such as nitrogen oxides, which are easily converted into secondary particulate pollutants in foggy days, aggravating smog. The third is the waste gas produced by burning coal for heating in winter in the north. Fourth, it is the waste gas emitted by industrial production. For example, industrial kilns and boilers in metallurgy and electromechanical manufacturing industries, as well as a large amount of waste gas generated by the combustion of automobile repair and painting and building materials production kilns. 5. Dust generated by construction sites and road traffic. Haze weather hazards. Effects on respiratory system. The composition of smog is very complex, including hundreds of atmospheric chemical particles. Among them, aerosol particles smaller than 10 micron are harmful to health, such as mineral particles, sea salt, sulfate, nitrate, organic aerosol particles, fuel, automobile exhaust, etc., which can directly enter and adhere to human respiratory tract and alveoli. In particular, submicron particles will be deposited in the upper and lower respiratory tract and alveoli respectively, causing acute rhinitis and acute bronchitis. For patients with chronic respiratory diseases such as bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis, obstructive emphysema, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, smog weather will make the condition acute or acute. Staying in this environment for a long time will also induce lung cancer. Second, the impact on the cardiovascular system. There are many pollutants in the air in foggy days, and the air pressure is low, which is easy to induce acute attacks of cardiovascular diseases. For example, when the fog is heavy, the water vapor content is high. If people exercise outdoors, the sweat of human body is not easy to be discharged, which causes people to feel chest tightness and blood pressure to rise. Third, the smog weather will also lead to the weakening of ultraviolet rays in the surface layer, which can enhance the activity of infectious bacteria in the air and increase infectious diseases. Fourthly, due to the decrease of sunshine, insufficient ultraviolet radiation for children, insufficient production of vitamin D in the body and greatly reduced absorption of calcium in foggy days, rickets in infants and young children will be seriously caused, which will slow down the growth and development of children. Fifth, it affects mental health. The gloomy and foggy weather is prone to mental laziness, depression and pessimism due to the weak light and low air pressure, and even it is easy to get out of control at the slightest sign of trouble. Sixth, it affects traffic safety. In foggy weather, the visibility of the visual field is low and the air quality is poor, which is easy to cause traffic jams and traffic accidents.

Question 9: What kind of smog is smog? As the name implies, it is fog and haze. But there is a big difference between fog and haze. The aerosol system composed of dust, sulfuric acid, nitric acid and other particles in the air causes visual impairment, which is called smog. Haze is haze.

Haze weather is a state of air pollution, and smog is a general term for all kinds of suspended particles in the atmosphere, especially PM2.5 (particles with aerodynamic equivalent diameter less than or equal to 2.5 microns) is considered as the "culprit" causing haze weather. With the deterioration of air quality, cloudy days are increasing and the harm is increasing. In many areas of our country, the smog weather phenomenon is combined with fog as an early warning and forecast of disastrous weather. Collectively referred to as "haze weather".

Question 10: Why is there smog now? What is the reason?

First, the formation of haze weather is mainly man-made environmental pollution, and coupled with natural conditions such as low temperature and little wind, pollutants are difficult to spread.

Second, automobile exhaust, factory exhaust gas and fireworks.

3. Non-diffusion of pollutants: the fog itself is not pollution, but the atmospheric environment that produces the fog is in a relatively stable state, and the pollutants in the air are not easy to spread outward, resulting in agglomeration effect, which will make the pollution more and more serious. Similarly, under the conditions of low air pressure and low wind, the combination of urban pollutants and water vapor in the lower air will also aggravate the degree of smog.

Fourth, in foggy days, PM2.5 is the "culprit"

5. Persistent smog caused by urban density: the continuous expansion of urban scale leads to the decrease of dilution space between cities, which is an important reason for the increase of persistent smog process. Secondary inorganic salt particles are also one of the important culprits of smog, but they have not attracted enough attention at present.

What is smog?

Haze is a general term for fog and haze. Generally speaking, in the case of smog, air mobility is poor, and pollutants cannot be effectively diluted and dissipated in the case of increasing concentration of air particles (dust), thus forming a phenomenon that high-concentration dust adheres to water droplets and suspends in the air. This phenomenon is smog.

The composition of smog is very complicated, with hundreds of kinds. Harmful to human body are chemicals and other particles, such as sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, dust, benzopyrene, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and so on. Generally speaking, the chemical composition of smog can be divided into the following categories.

1. Oxide organic particles: mainly from combustion, accounting for the largest proportion, about 44%.

2. Oil fume-type organic matter: mainly from the emission of cooking sources and the pollution of human life, accounting for about 2 1%.

3. Nitrogen-rich organic matter: mainly chemical pollutants, accounting for about 17%.

4. Hydrocarbon organic particles: mainly from motor vehicle exhaust and coal burning, accounting for about 18%.