What is the standard operating procedure of Atractylodes lancea control solution?

Chinese atractylodes

Alias:

Alias of Atractylodes lancea: Atractylodes lancea, Atractylodes lancea, Atractylodes lancea, Atractylodes lancea, Immortal.

North Atractylodes rhizome alias: pig excrement beans. Japan wujia. Atractylodes rhizome And atractylodes rhizome.

Guan Atractylodes alias: and Atractylodes.

Overview:

Atractylodes lancea is an indispensable bulk Chinese herbal medicine for eliminating dampness and expelling wind. It has a long history of application and sells well at home and abroad.

This product is the dried rhizome of Atractylodes lancea. )DC。 Or atractylodes rhizome (DC. )Koidz。 Compositae plants It is contained in Pharmacopoeia of People's Republic of China (PRC) (1990 edition).

Atractylodes lancea has a long medicinal history. It was first seen in Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica in the Eastern Han Dynasty and listed as the top grade. "Medical Origin" contains: "Atractylodes macrocephala has the same indications as Atractylodes macrocephala. If you get rid of dampness and sweat, it is the most powerful; If the middle jiao is dry and wet, the force is small. " The synopsis of the golden chamber is called red surgery. Tao Hongjing in the Liang Dynasty is divided into two types in the records of famous doctors: Red Art and Atractylodes macrocephala, and Red Art is now Atractylodes macrocephala. "Tang Ben Cao" and "Ming Ben Cao Compendium" have detailed descriptions of Rhizoma Atractylodis, claiming that it has the efficacy of "eliminating dampness and sweating, invigorating the spleen and calming the nerves" with attached drawings. According to textual research, Atractylodes lancea is mainly produced in provinces south of the Yangtze River.

Distribution of origin:

Atractylodes lancea is mainly distributed in Jiangsu, Anhui, Sichuan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Henan and Shandong. Location: Jurong, Jiangning, Nanjing Suburb, Jintan, Liyang, Lishui and Dantu, Jiangsu. Chu County, Anhui Province; Shou Chang, Zhejiang (Jiande County); Wushan, Sichuan; Shaanxi Sanmenxia, Lingbao, Lushi and Henan Mianchi.

Atractylodes macrocephala is mainly distributed in Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Ningxia, Gansu, Beijing, Tianjin and other places. Location: Longjiang, Nehe, Dumeng, Gannan, Lin Dian, Yi 'an, Fuyu, Tailai and Qiqihar in Heilongjiang Province. Chaoyang, Jianping and Lingyuan in Liaoning; Yutian, Zunhua and Xuanhua in Hebei; Xinyang and Xinxian, Henan; Laoshan and Zichuan in Shandong; Beijing Huairou; Jixian County, Tianjin; Shanxi Biyuan, Jincheng and Changzhi; Linxian and Huixian in Henan Province.

Local daily necessities: Atractylodes Guan is mainly distributed in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Inner Mongolia and other places. Location: Yichun, Bei 'an, Heihe, Jiamusi and Huachuan in Heilongjiang. Benxi, Xinbin, Huanren and Kuandian in Liaoning.

Atractylodes koreana is distributed in the northeast.

Atractylodes commodities are divided into three categories, Atractylodes lancea, also known as Atractylodes lancea; Atractylodes lancea; Guan Atractylodes rhizome is also called Atractylodes macrocephala, and North Korea, South Korea and Japan call it Atractylodes macrocephala.

1, Atractylodes lancea, with vermilion spots on the section. Mainly produced in the south of the Yellow River, Jiangsu Maoshan is its authentic producing area, so it is called Atractylodes lancea. Jiangsu, Anhui, Sichuan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Henan and Shandong, mainly produced in Jurong, Jiangning, Nanjing suburb, Jintan, Liyang, Lishui and Dantu; Chu County, Anhui Province; Shou Chang, Zhejiang (Jiande County); Wushan, Sichuan; Shaanxi Sanmenxia, Lingbao, Lushi and Henan Mianchi.

2. Atractylodes lancea, with realgar spots on the cross section. Location: Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Northeast and other provinces. There are a large number of wild Atractylodes lancea in Dongsanmeng, Inner Mongolia, mainly concentrated in Chifeng, Zhemeng and Xing 'an League. Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Shaanxi, Ningxia, Gansu, Beijing and Tianjin, mainly produced in Heilongjiang Longjiang, Nehe, Dumeng, Gannan, Lin Dian, Yi 'an, Fuyu, Tailai and Qiqihar; Chaoyang, Jianping and Lingyuan in Liaoning; Hebei Yutian, Zunhua, Xuanhua; Xinyang and Xinxian, Henan; Laoshan, Zichuan, Shandong and Huairou, Beijing; Jixian County, Tianjin; Qinyuan and Jincheng, Changzhi, Shanxi; Linxian, Huixian, Henan Province, etc.

3. Close Atractylodes lancea, there is white powder residue on the cut surface, and there is no oil spot. For local daily necessities, they are mainly distributed in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei and Inner Mongolia, and mainly produced in Yichun, Bei 'an, Heihe, Jiamusi and Huachuan in Heilongjiang. Benxi, Xinbin, Huanren and Kuandian in Liaoning. Korean Atractylodes lancea, distributed in the northeast of China.

Morphological characteristics:

1, Atractylodes lancea is a perennial herb with a height of 30-70 cm. Rhizomes are transverse, long and thick, thick and nodular, with fine fibrous roots; Stems erect, round and longitudinal. Leaves alternate, basal leaves are mostly 3-lobed, middle leaves are elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, and upper leaves are smaller, lanceolate or oblong. Flowering in autumn, capitate, solitary at the top, leaflike bracts pinnately parted, almost as long as inflorescence, involucre bell-shaped, involucre 7-8 layers, ciliate. Corolla white or reddish purple. Achenes are cylindrical with brownish yellow hairs.

2. Atractylodes lancea is a perennial herb with a height of 30-60 cm. Rhizome hypertrophy nodular. Stems erect, round and longitudinal, sparsely brown pilose. Leaves alternate, leathery and glabrous. The lower and middle leaves are obovate and oblong, with teeth at the edge and obvious veins on both sides. The lower leaves have short stems, and the middle leaves have no stems. The head is solitary at the top of the stem, and the leaflike bracts are oblanceolate, nearly as long as or slightly shorter than the head, with hard spines; Tubular flowers, 5-lobed apex, white corolla, narrow tube almost as long as lobed eaves. Achenes are cylindrical, silvery white villous and light brown.

3. Basal leaves of Atractylodes lancea. ex Kitam。 The flowering period is withered, the stem is 3-5 pinnately divided or solitary, and the edge has flat or curved spiny serrations, which are hairless and shiny; The veins are obvious and the cracks at the top are large; The upper leaves are ternate or simple, the lower leaves have long stalks, and the upper leaves are nearly sessile. There are bisexual flowers and unisexual flowers. Achenes cylindrical, densely upward, silvery white pilose.

4. Atractylodes koreana. The main feature is that the leaves are full, oval or round. The shape of rhizome is not much different from that of Atractylodes lancea.

Ecological environment:

Atractylodes lancea mostly grows in hills, weeds or forests; Atractylodes lancea mostly grows in shrub communities on sunny and semi-shady slopes in forest and grassland areas; Atractylodes Guan is a rare companion plant, which mostly grows in sparse oak birch forest, shrub-belt hillside grassland, shrub and forest grass. The soil is mostly dark brown soil or sandy loam, with loose and fertile topsoil and good permeability.

Biological characteristics:

Atractylodes macrocephala has strong cold tolerance, likes to be cold and cool, has plenty of sunshine, and likes climatic conditions with large temperature difference between day and night. Atractylodes lancea likes cool, mild and humid climate, has strong cold resistance and is afraid of strong light and high temperature. The temperature of 15-25℃ is needed in the growing period. Phenological period: 65438+/kloc-0 germinates in mid-October, emerges in early March, reaches its peak in March-April, swells underground roots in May-June, reaches its peak in August-September, blooms in mid-September, and165438+1October ripens the fruit./kloc-0 Rhizomes generally grow 1-2 knots per year.

Growing habits:

Atractylodes macrocephala has strong cold tolerance, likes to be cold and cool, has plenty of sunshine, and likes climatic conditions with large temperature difference between day and night. Atractylodes lancea likes cool, mild and humid climate, has strong cold resistance and is afraid of strong light and high temperature.

Growth cycle:

General resources are wild and grow for many years. The home-grown Atractylodes lancea takes two years to harvest.

Harvesting and processing:

1. Wild Atractylodes lancea can be harvested in spring, summer and autumn, with the best quality in August. The home-grown Atractylodes lancea takes two years to harvest. Atractylodes lancea is mostly excavated in autumn, and can be excavated in spring and autumn. The quality of excavation is good from autumn to early spring before excavation.

2. After processing Rhizoma Atractylodis, remove the overground part and shake off the sediment at the root, and then hit the fibrous roots after drying or burn the fibrous roots with slow fire when drying to 90%; After the North Atractylodes lancea is dug out, the stems, leaves and soil are removed. When the sun is 40% to 50% dry, the fibrous roots are knocked out in the basket and are dark brown. When the sun is 60% to 70% dry, knock 1 time again to remove all the old skins. After the sun is completely dry, knock against it to turn the skin yellow-brown.

Storage and maintenance:

Atractylodes lancea is usually packed in gunny bags, each bag is about 50 kilograms. Store in a cool and dry place with a temperature below 30℃ and a relative humidity of 70-75%. Commodity safety moisture 12- 14%.

This product has strong fragrance, less moth-eaten, long storage time or high temperature, and is easy to disperse; Wet and moldy, flooding. White hairs can be seen on the surface of moldy products, but sometimes white fine needle-like crystals appear on the cross section, which are atractylodes alcohol precipitated from the oil chamber, so attention should be paid to identification. When immersed in oil, the surface is not obvious, the internal color is deepened, and there is oil, so it must be cut open for observation. The pests found are black-shank beetle, glutinous rice beetle, rice flatworm, brown whitefly, tobacco beetle and so on.

During storage, strictly control the temperature and humidity of the warehouse; Regular inspection, found moisture absorption or mild mildew, moth-eaten, timely drying, serious moth-eaten situation, fumigation with aluminum phosphide. Maintenance of sealing nitrogen and oxygen should be carried out once a year.

Medicinal material properties:

1, Atractylodes lancea is irregular beaded or nodular cylindrical, slightly curved and occasionally branched, with a length of 3- 10 cm and a diameter of 1-2 cm. The surface is gray-brown, wrinkled and horizontally curved, with stem marks or residual stem bases on the upper side and fibrous roots on both sides and lower side. Solid, yellow-white section, scattered with most orange or brownish red oil spots, commonly known as "cinnabar spots", long exposure time, white hairy crystals precipitated, commonly known as "fat spitting" or "frosting". It has a strong and special fragrance.

2. Atractylodes macrocephala is a block or nodular cylinder with a length of 4-9 cm and a diameter of 1-4 cm. The surface is brown and black, and the skin is yellow and brown. The texture is loose, the broken noodles are scattered with brown oil spots, no white hairy crystals are precipitated, and the aroma is light.

Atractylodes lancea is big, beady, solid and oily, and there are many vermilion spots on the cross section. Frost (white needle-like crystals of Atractylodes alcohol) will be produced when slicing, and it is better to have a strong aroma.

Specification standard:

State administration of traditional chinese medicine of the People's Republic of China and the Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China have formulated commodity specifications for medicinal materials, which are divided into Atractylodes lancea and Atractylodes lancea, all of which are unified commodities.

Sex and taste efficacy:

Atractylodes lancea is pungent and bitter. Sexual temperature. Enter spleen, stomach and liver meridians. Has effect in eliminating dampness, invigorate spleen, expelling pathogenic wind and cold, and improving eyesight. Used for abdominal distension, diarrhea, edema, beriberi flaccidity, rheumatic joint pain, common cold due to wind-cold, and night blindness.

Main ingredients:

Volatile oil (mainly atractylone, atractylol, β-cineole, oleanolic acid, atractylone, etc. ), promethium, α-isopentene, β-apilene, Ar- gingene, β-stilbene, etc. And 3-beta-hydroxy atractylone, 3-beta-acetoxy atractylone, atractyl alcohol, etc. The volatile oil from the rhizome of Atractylodes lancea contains celery diene, diacetyl atractyl alcohol, acetaldehyde, glycoaldehyde, atractylone and so on. Atractylone is a unique aroma component of Atractylodes lancea, accounting for about 20% of the volatile oil.

Main pharmacological effects:

The volatile oil of Rhizoma Atractylodis has inhibitory effect on 109 esophageal cancer cells in vitro. Atractylodes lancea and β -eucalyptol have strong hypnotic effects; Its decoction, alcohol-soaked oral liquid or subcutaneous injection have certain influence on blood sugar; Atractylodes rhizome decoction has obvious effect of expelling salt (sodium, potassium and chlorine); A small amount of Rhizoma Atractylodis extract can cause a slight increase in blood pressure, and a large amount can lower blood pressure. The extract can also reduce the heartbeat of Venenum Bufonis and slow its heart rhythm; It can lower the blood sugar of rabbits.

Character recognition:

1, Atractylodes lancea is irregular beaded or nodular cylindrical, slightly curved and occasionally branched, with a length of 3- 10cm and a diameter of1-2 cm; The surface is grayish brown, with wrinkles, transverse bends and residual fibrous roots, and there are stem marks at the top. Solid, yellow-white or gray-white cross section, scattered with most orange-yellow or brown-red oil spots, commonly known as "cinnabar spots"; Long-term exposure can precipitate white fine needle-like crystals, commonly known as "frosting" or "fat spitting"; Unique smell, slightly sweet, pungent and bitter.

2. Atractylodes macrocephala is a block or nodular cylinder with a length of 4-9cm and a diameter of 1-4 cm; The surface is dark brown and the skin is yellowish brown. Loose texture, scattered yellow-brown oil spots on the cross section, not "frost"; The aroma is light, spicy and bitter. B9 Rhizoma Atractylodis pieces are irregular round or strip thick pieces with irregular edges. The surface is yellow-white or gray-white, and most orange-yellow or brownish-red oil spots are scattered. It's taupe around.

3. Fried Atractylodes lancea with bran looks like sliced Atractylodes lancea, with yellow or burnt yellow surface and aroma.

Microscopic identification:

Pink brown. 1 calcium oxalate needle-like crystals are fine, 5-32μm long and irregularly scattered in parenchyma cells. Most of the fibers are bundled, long spindle-shaped, about 40μm in diameter, thick in wall and woody. There are many stone cells, polygonal, round or rectangular, with a diameter of 20-80μm, extremely thick walls and lignified. Inulin is common, fan-shaped or irregular, with radial texture on the surface and scattered in parenchyma cells.

Physical and chemical identification:

1, chemically characterize powder 1g, add diethyl ether 15ml, add 5ml of diethyl ether, shake and extract15min, and filter. Take 2ml of filtrate, put it in an evaporating dish, and after the ether volatilizes, add 5% p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde in 10% sulfuric acid solution (1ml) to make it rose red, and then bake it at 100℃ for 5 minutes to make it green (it is not obvious for Atractylodes rhizome).

2. Spectral identification: Take acetone extract (10mg/2ml) and measure its infrared spectrum by potassium bromide tablet method. There are 1 peaks at 1740cm- 1 and 65438 peaks at 1650 cm- 1.

3. Thin layer chromatography

(1) Take the volatile oil, dilute it with ethyl acetate into 10% solution and sample. Adsorbent: 3g silica gel (Qingdao, 180 mesh), 1 0 ml of 0.5% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solution, ground, spread on a glass plate with a thickness of about 0.25nm, dried, and baked at 100℃1hour. Benzene-ethyl acetate-ethane (15: 15:70), spread 20cm. Spraying with 10% sulfuric acid solution containing 5% p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde, and then baking at 100℃ for 5 minutes. Results: Atractylodes turned red immediately after spraying the developer, and turned purple after drying. Rhizoma Atractylodis, Curcumol and Oleum Eucalypti don't develop color after spraying developer, Rhizoma Atractylodis turns green after drying, and Curcumol and Oleum Eucalypti turn brown with the same position (after spraying developer).

(2) Take 0.5g of powder, add 2ml of n-ethane, perform ultrasonic treatment for 65438±05min, and take the filtrate as the test solution. Taking Atractylodes lancea as the control medicinal material, the control medicinal material solution was prepared by the same method. Absorb 2-6μl of each newly prepared solution, spot it on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, spread it with petroleum ether (60-90℃)- (ethyl acetate (20: 1), and use 5% p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde! "# sulfuric acid ethanol solution develops color, and hot air blows until the spots develop clearly. Chromatograms of the sample and the reference substance are in corresponding positions, showing spots of the same color. And there are the same dirty green spots (Atractylodes).

4. The total ash content shall not exceed 7.0%.

Habitual drugs in this area:

(1) The rhizome of Atractylodes lancea in Northeast China can also be used as medicine. Location: Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia and other places. More is self-produced and sold. The rhizome is nodular and cylindrical, with a length of 4- 12cm and a diameter of 1-2.5cm. The surface is dark brown and light, and the cross section is uneven and fibrous. Qi is specific. It tastes bitter and bitter.

(2) The rhizome of Atractylodes koreana. )Kitam。 Jilin and Liaoning are also used as medicines, and the morphology of crude drugs is not much different from that of Atractylodes Guan.

Planting techniques:

(1) land selection and preparation

Choose sunny barren hills or slopes, humus or sandy loam with loose, fertile soil and good drainage. Deep ploughing, applying decomposed organic fertilizer as base fertilizer, harrowing, and making border bed or ridge, with border width 1m, border height of 25cm and border length unlimited.

(2) Planting method

1. Sexual reproduction should be sown from mid-March to early April, with a sowing amount of 3-4 kg per mu. Sowing: evenly sowing seeds at the border, and covering with fine soil for 2-3 cm; Drilling: Trenching horizontally in the border with a distance of 20-25 cm and a depth of about 3 cm, evenly sowing seeds in the trench, and then covering the soil. After sowing, all the seeds are covered with grass to keep moisture, which is beneficial to seed germination.

2. In the production of asexual reproduction, the method of dividing plants is mainly adopted. In April, the roots of the old seedlings were dug up, the soil was removed and cut into several small buds, each with 1-3 buds as propagation materials.

At present, shoot tip culture is also used to raise seedlings. The method comprises the following steps: culturing shoot tips in MS agar medium containing IAA (1ppm)-BAP (1-25ppm) for about 30 days to form branches, and then subculturing in medium containing BAP(5ppm)-IAA( 1ppm) for 40-50 days.

3. Transplanted and planted seedlings are cultivated through sexual reproduction. When the seedlings are about 3 cm long and 10 cm high, transplant them.

(3) Site management

Attention should be paid to intertillage weeding at seedling stage. If the weather is dry, timely irrigation can also be combined with topdressing. Topdressing, at the same time, is generally applied three times a year, 1 time in May, and the manure is cleared, with an area of about 1000 kg per mu; The second time, at the peak of growth in June, human excrement and urine were applied, about 0/250 kg per mu/kloc, or ammonium sulfate was applied, 5 kg per mu; Before the third flowering in August, topdressing 1, 000- 1, 500 kg of human excrement and urine per mu, and adding plant ash and calcium superphosphate.

Pest control:

Atractylodes lancea is vulnerable to aphids in the whole growth and development process. Most adults and nymphs suck the juice of stems and leaves, which can turn the stems and leaves yellow and affect the growth and development in severe cases. Prevention and control methods: remove dead plants and fallen leaves in time, bury them deeply or burn them; In the onset period, chemical prevention should be carried out in time. Generally, 50% chlorpyrifos 1 000-2,000 times or 40% dimethoate EC1500-2,000 times should be sprayed,1time every 7 days, and spraying continuously until there are no insects.

Development prospect:

The annual demand of Atractylodes lancea in China is about 3 million kilograms. If the existing resources can be well protected and rationally developed and utilized, the market supply will not be a big problem. However, the resources of some authentic producing areas are decreasing. Jiangsu is the main producing area of Atractylodes lancea, which is called authentic Atractylodes lancea producing area and has been transferred to the whole country. Due to land reclamation, afforestation, mining and over-excavation, resources are obviously reduced, and the purchase volume is decreasing year by year. 1983 only acquired 1200 kg, which was transferred from the transferred province to the transferred province.

Therefore, in the development strategy, we should focus on developing production areas with concentrated resources and large reserves; At the same time, pay attention to the protection of resources in old producing areas, develop authentic varieties, and pay equal attention to protection and utilization; We should continue to carry out wild breeding experiments and gradually form production bases to meet the growing market demand; In scientific research, we should also focus on the new uses of Atractylodes lancea, do a good job in comprehensive development and utilization, and further broaden the market field.

Production from 1960s to 1980s;

The commodities of Atractylodes lancea mainly come from wild resources. According to the national survey of traditional Chinese medicine resources, the commodities of Atractylodes lancea are distributed in 20 provinces and cities. Over the past 40 years, the acquisition and sales of Atractylodes lancea have increased year by year. Although there were ups and downs during the acquisition, there was never a serious backlog or shortage. It is a variety that can meet the demand.

From the 1950s to the early 1970s, Chinese herbal medicine companies at all levels organized acquisitions in a planned way according to market needs, but the acquisitions were relatively stable due to little price change. From 1957 to 1965, the acquisition volume remained at 170- 1.8 million kg. The sales volume is increasing year by year, the profit margin is not large, and the production and sales are basically balanced; From the early 1960s to the mid-1970s, agricultural and sideline production developed rapidly, and the purchase of Atractylodes lancea also increased significantly. 1978 acquired 6 million kilograms, the highest level in history, and the sales volume of 3 million kilograms temporarily exceeded the sales volume. Later, with the adjustment of the purchase price, the purchase volume dropped significantly, and the production and sales were close to balance.

Buying and selling:

Atractylodes lancea commodity mainly comes from wild resources and has been cultivated in a small amount in modern times. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the purchase and sale volume increased substantially. Atractylodes lancea is a kind of wild and commonly used bulk Chinese herbal medicine, which is used in large quantities every year. The market sales are mainly Atractylodes lancea, Atractylodes lancea and Atractylodes lancea pieces. Atractylodes lancea is rich in resources, which can fully meet the market demand in normal years. However, due to disorderly excavation, the natural vegetation in some areas is seriously damaged and desertification is prominent. In recent years, the state has strengthened the management of environmental protection, and some areas in Northeast China and Inner Mongolia have also issued a series of resource protection policies, which have controlled the phenomenon of indiscriminate mining and excavation to a certain extent, but the market supply is also relatively tight. In recent years, people pay attention to it, and the market fluctuates more frequently than before. Atractylodes lancea tablets and processed Atractylodes lancea products are commonly used in clinical prescriptions of Chinese medicine hospitals, while Chinese medicine factories mainly buy raw materials to raise them, which is one of the most common wild varieties in the market. Pharmacopoeia contains Chinese patent medicines for Rhizoma Atractylodis, such as Miaowan, Jiusheng Powder, Jiuwei Qianghuo Pill, Jiuwei Qianghuo Granule, Sanmiao Pill, Xiaoer Bai Shou Pill, Wushicha Granule, popular Shi Feng Da Die medicinal liquor, Ruyi Huangjin Powder, Miaoji Pill, Chunyang Zhengqi Pill, Guogong Liquor, Dog Skin Cream, Qianlieshu Pill, Qufeng Jin Shu Pill, Elixir, Huoxiang Zhengqi Oral Liquid and Vaccinium. During the SARS epidemic this year, Atractylodes lancea was the main drug in the preventive prescription.

Pharmacopoeia standard 2005:

Source: This product is the dried rhizome of Atractylodes lancea. )DC。 Or atractylodes rhizome (DC. )Koidz。 Compositae plants Excavate in spring and autumn, remove sediment, dry in the sun, and destroy fibrous roots.

Description: Atractylodes lancea is irregular jointed or nodular cylindrical, slightly curved and occasionally branched, with a length of 3- 10cm and a diameter of 1-2cm. The surface is grayish brown, with wrinkles, lateral bending and residual fibrous roots, and there are stem marks or residual stem bases at the top. Solid, yellow-white or gray-white in cross section, scattered in most orange-yellow or brown-red oil cavities, and white fine needle-like crystals can be precipitated after long-term exposure. Unique smell, slightly sweet, pungent and bitter.

Atractylodes macrocephala is a block or nodular cylinder with a length of 4-9cm and a diameter of 1-4cm. The surface is dark brown and the skin is yellowish brown. The texture is loose, and the section is scattered in the yellow-brown oil cavity. The aroma is light, spicy and bitter.

Identification: (1) This product is brown powder. The needle-like crystals of calcium oxalate are fine, 5-30μm long, and irregularly filled in parenchyma cells. Most of the fibers are in bundles, long spindle-shaped, about 40μm in diameter, thick in wall and lignified. There are many stone cells, sometimes connected with cork cells, polygonal, round or rectangular, with a diameter of 20-80μm and extremely thick walls. Inulin is common, and the surface is radial texture.

(2) Take 0.5g of this product powder, add 2ml of n-hexane, perform ultrasonic treatment for 65438±05min, filter, and take the filtrate as the test solution. In addition, 0.5g of Rhizoma Atractylodis was taken as the control medicinal material, and the control medicinal material solution was prepared by the same method. According to the thin-layer chromatography test (Appendix ⅵ b), absorb 2-6μl of the two newly prepared solutions, respectively spot them on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, and use petroleum ether (60-90℃)- ethyl acetate (20: 1) as the developing agent, unfold, take out, air dry and spray 5% p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde1. In the chromatogram of the test sample, spots with the same color appear at the positions corresponding to the chromatogram of the control medicinal materials; And there should be the same green stain (Atractylodes).

Inspection: The total ash content shall not exceed 7.0% (Appendix ⅸ k).

Processing: remove impurities from Rhizoma Atractylodis, clean, fully moisten, cut into thick slices, and dry.

Stir-fry Atractylodes lancea with bran. Slice Atractylodes lancea and stir-fry it with bran (Appendix II D) until the surface is dark yellow.

This product is round or strip-shaped, and its ash content shall not exceed 3% (Appendix ⅸ b).

Sexual taste and meridian tropism: pungent, bitter and warm. Enter spleen, stomach and liver meridians.

Indications: eliminating dampness and strengthening spleen, expelling wind and cold, and improving eyesight. Used for abdominal distension, diarrhea, edema and beriberi. Rheumatalgia, cold and cold, night blindness.

Usage and dosage: 3-9g.

Storage: Store in a cool and dry place.

Pharmacopoeia standard 20 10 edition:

This product is the dried rhizome of Atractylodes lancea. )DC。 Or DC atractylodes rhizome. )Koidz。 Compositae plants Excavate in spring and autumn, remove sediment, dry in the sun, and destroy fibrous roots.

Characteristic Atractylodes lancea is irregular beaded or nodular cylindrical, slightly curved and occasionally branched, with a length of 3- 10cm and a diameter of 1-2cm. The surface is grayish brown, with wrinkles, lateral bending and residual fibrous roots, and there are stem marks or residual stem bases at the top. Solid, yellow-white or gray-white in cross section, scattered in most orange-yellow or brown-red oil cavities, and white fine needle-like crystals can be precipitated after long-term exposure. Unique smell, slightly sweet, pungent and bitter.

Atractylodes macrocephala is a block or nodular cylinder with a length of 4-9cm and a diameter of 1-4cm. The surface is dark brown and the skin is yellowish brown. The texture is loose, and the section is scattered in the yellow-brown oil cavity. The aroma is light, spicy and bitter.

Identification (1) This product is brown powder. The needle-like crystals of calcium oxalate are fine, 5-30μm long, and irregularly filled in parenchyma cells. Most of the fibers are in bundles, long spindle-shaped, about 40μm in diameter, thick in wall and lignified. There are many stone cells, sometimes connected with cork cells, polygonal, round or rectangular, with a diameter of 20-80μm and extremely thick walls. Inulin is common, and the surface is radial texture.

(2) Take 0.5g of this product powder, add 2ml of n-hexane, perform ultrasonic treatment for 65438±05min, filter, and take the filtrate as the test solution. In addition, 0.5g of Rhizoma Atractylodis was taken as the control medicinal material, and the control medicinal material solution was prepared by the same method. According to the thin-layer chromatography test (Appendix ⅵ b), absorb 2-6μl of the two newly prepared solutions, respectively spot them on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, and use petroleum ether (60-90℃)- ethyl acetate (20: 1) as the developing agent, unfold, take out, air dry and spray 5% p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde1. In the chromatogram of the test sample, spots with the same color appear at the positions corresponding to the chromatogram of the control medicinal materials; And there should be the same green stain (Atractylodes).

(2) Take 0.8g of this product powder, add 65438±00ml of methanol, perform ultrasonic treatment for 65438 05 minutes, filter, and take the filtrate as the test solution. In addition, 0.8g of Rhizoma Atractylodis was taken as the control medicinal material, and the control medicinal material solution was prepared by the same method. Then take the Atractylodes rhizome reference substance and add methanol to make a solution containing 0.2mg per kloc-0/ml as the reference substance solution. According to the thin-layer chromatography test (appendix ⅵ b), take 6μl of test solution, 6 μ l of control medicinal material solution and 2μl of control medicinal material solution, respectively, and spot them on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate with petroleum ether (60-90℃)- acetone (9∶2) as the developing agent, unfold, take out, dry and spray with 10% sulfuric acid ethanol solution. In the chromatogram of the test sample, spots with the same color appear at the positions corresponding to the chromatograms of the reference medicinal materials and the reference substance.

Check that the moisture content shall not exceed 13.0% (appendix ⅸ h, second method).

The total ash content shall not exceed 7.0% (Appendix ⅸ k).

The content was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (Appendix ⅵ d) (dark operation).

Chromatographic conditions and system applicability test with octadecylsilane bonded silica gel as filler; Using methanol-water (79∶2 1) as the mobile phase; The detection wavelength is 340 nm. Based on the peak of atractylin, the theoretical plate number should be not less than 5000.

Preparation of reference solution Take appropriate amount of Atractylodes rhizome reference substance, weigh it accurately, and add methanol to make 20? Every 1 ml. That is, g solution.

Preparation of test solution Take about 0.2g of this product powder (pass through the No.3 sieve), weigh it accurately, put it in a conical bottle with a stopper, add 50ml of methanol accurately, plug it, weigh it, perform ultrasonic treatment (power 250W, frequency 40kHz) 40k Hz)65438±0 hours, weigh it again, make up the weight loss with methanol, shake it evenly, filter it, and take the filtrate.

The determination method accurately absorbs 65438 00μ l control solution and test solution respectively, and injects them into the liquid chromatograph for determination.

This product contains not less than 0.30% of atractylin (C 13H 10O), calculated as a dry product.

Processing to remove impurities, cleaning, fully wetting, cutting into thick slices, and drying.

This product is an irregular round or strip tablet. The skin is grayish brown to dark brown, with wrinkles, horizontal stripes and root marks. The section is yellowish white or grayish white, with most orange or brownish red oil cavities scattered, and some white fine needle-like crystals can be precipitated. Unique smell, slightly sweet, pungent and bitter.

Check that the moisture content shall not exceed 1 1.0% (appendix ⅸ h, second method).

The total ash content shall not exceed 5.0% (Appendix ⅸ k).

Identification and content determination are the same as those of medicinal materials.

Stir-fry Atractylodes lancea with bran. Slice Atractylodes lancea and stir-fry it with bran (Appendix II D) until the surface is dark yellow.

This product is round or strip-shaped, and its ash content shall not exceed 3% (Appendix ⅸ b).

This product is an irregular round or strip thick tablet. The surface is dark yellow and scattered with many brown oil cavities. Hard and brittle. It smells good.

Identification (1) The powder of this product is yellowish brown to reddish brown, and no inulin is found. The rest are the same as Atractylodes lancea.

(2) Identification with medicinal materials (2)

Check that the moisture content shall not exceed 10.0% (appendix ⅸ h, second method).

The total ash content shall not exceed 5.0% (Appendix ⅸ k).

The content of Rhizoma Atractylodis (C 13H 10O) should not be less than 0.20%.

Sexual taste, pungent, bitter and warm. Enter spleen, stomach and liver meridians.

Indications: eliminating dampness and strengthening spleen, expelling wind and cold, and improving eyesight. Used for abdominal distension, diarrhea, edema, beriberi fistula and rheumatic joint pain. Cold and cold, night blindness.

Usage and dosage: 3-9g.

Store in a cool and dry place.