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Sailing is one of the water sports. Sailing competition is a sport in which athletes drive sailboats at a specified speed on the field. In sailing, athletes rely on the natural wind to act on the sails and push the ships forward. It is a sports event integrating competition, entertainment, viewing and exploration. It has high ornamental value and is deeply loved by people. Modern sailing has become one of the most popular and favorite sports activities in coastal countries and regions around the world, and it is also an important content for people of all countries to exchange sports culture. Often engaged in sailing, can enhance physical fitness, exercise will. Especially in unpredictable circumstances, changes in conditions such as waves, meteorology and hydrology, fighting with the wind and waves can cultivate the spirit of fighting with nature and challenging yourself. This kind of boat is made of single wood, or made of wooden rafts and bamboo rafts. This is the earliest sailboat in the world. Sailboats in Qingdao Olympic Games Division

1662, the king of England held a sailing race between England and Holland, and the route was from Greenwich to Grousson and then to Greenwich. This is an early large-scale sailing competition. /kloc-in the 0 th and 8 th centuries, sailing clubs and sailing associations were born one after another. Around 1720, Britain, the United States, Sweden, Germany, France, Russia and other countries have successively established sailing clubs or sailing competition associations, and large-scale sailing competitions are often held among countries. For example, in 1870, the United States and Britain held 1 the famous "America's Cup" transatlantic yacht race. 1900 held the first large yacht race in the world. 1906, English B? Smith and Sisk? Steiner made a special trip to Europe and the United States to discuss the level and rules of international sailing competition with sailing leaders, and proposed to establish an international sailing competition federation. 1907, the International Sailing Federation, the world's first international sailing organization, was formally established. The full name of the FIA is the International Sailing Federation, or "ISAF" for short. ISAF is one of the largest single sports federations in the world, with 122 member countries (or regions) and managing 8 1 sailing classes. ISAF established the International Federation of Disabled Sailing (IFDS) to engage in sailing for the disabled. At present, there are 9 levels of events entering the Olympic Games, 1 1 events. The current chairman of ISAF is Goran of Sweden? Goran Peterson. China Sailing and Windsurfing Association, referred to as "China Sailing Association". The full name is China Sailing Association, abbreviated as "CYA". China Sailing Association is a national sports association recognized by the Chinese Olympic Committee and a national mass sports organization with independent legal personality. China Sailing Association is the leading organization of sailing and windsurfing in China and the only legal organization representing China in international sailing organizations.

Color development method

Sailing is a water sport that uses natural wind to act on sails and drive ships to compete in speed. Sailing can make people strong, strong-willed, brave and decisive, and healthy physically and mentally. Sailing has a long history, and the earliest competitive record was in 70 BC. Wickel, an ancient Roman poet, described a yacht race from Troy to Italy in detail in his narrative poem Init, and described the winners and contestants' awards after the race. Since17th century, there have been regular large-scale sailing competitions in Venice. The first sailing club in the world was founded in St. Petersburg, Russia in the early18th century. By the beginning of19th century, modern competitive sailing had sprung up in Europe and America. During this period, European and American countries regularly held sailing competitions at home or abroad, including the first famous transatlantic "America's Cup" sailing competition held by the United States and Britain in 1870, which was dominated by Americans for more than a century. It was not until 1995 that New Zealand became the second team. Because there are great differences in the design, manufacturing technology and raw materials of modern competitive sailboats, there must be unified regulations to make the sailing competition fair and reasonable. Therefore, in the early19th century, the sailing class association was established and the class rules were formulated. Sailing entered a period of rapid development in both scale and level after it was included in the second modern Olympic Games in 1900. Especially since the middle of the 20th century, sailing has developed rapidly in developed countries. Japan is the first country in Asia to develop modern sailing. In 1960s, Japan Sailing Association made a long-term development plan for competitive sailing, and it took less than ten years to make its men's and women's class 470 reach the world advanced level. Modern sailing in China started from 1979. After 1980, Shandong, Shanghai, Hubei, Guangdong, Jiangsu and other provinces and cities successively set up sailing teams to carry out systematic professional training. Since the 9th Asian Games and 23rd Olympic Games, Chinese sailing athletes have participated in some Asian and world competitions. China athletes won the 470-class and European-class championships in Asian competitions.

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Summer Olympic Games events

Competition level (ship type) men's windsurfing RS:X-class women's windsurfing RS:X-class heavyweight single boat Finnish women's single boat laser Rediel-class single man's single boat laser-class men's double boat 470-class women's double boat 470-class double open boat 49-class multi-body open boat tornado class men's keel boat star-rated women's keel boat Ling Ying class.

Women's windsurfing/men's windsurfing -RS: X class

Single-pilot unified design sail, with a length of 3.0m, a width of 0.82m, a sail area of 8.5m2, and a board weight of14.0kg. This level was born in 2004 and was included in the Olympic Games for the first time in 2008. It is currently the only competition level directly managed by the International Sailing Federation.

Heavyweight ship-Finnish class

Stabilizer plate, length 4.5m, width 1.5 1m, sail area 10 m2 and ship weight 145kg. The Finnish class is1952 (holotyl), a sailing event included in the Olympic Games. It originated from a sailing design competition initiated by the Finnish National Sailing Association in 1949 to prepare for the upcoming Finnish Olympic Games. The designer is Swedish Richard Sabi. The event requires the athlete to be heavier, because he must be able to control and manipulate the sail of 10 square meter; At the same time, players are required to master complex operation techniques and have good physical fitness.

Women's single boat-laser reddening machine

Stabilizer, 4.23 meters long, 65438 0.42 meters wide, sail area of 6.5 square meters, and ship weight of 59 kilograms. This event was included in the Olympic women's singles event in 2008. This ship is fast and easy to slide. The hull is light and has enough buoyancy, so it is safe and suitable for sailing in open water. Because the ship's control system is reasonable, it is suitable for people of all weights and figures to drive. Players weighing 55 kg to 75 kg can compete on an equal footing under the same conditions.

Men's Single Boat-Laser Class

The stabilizer is 4.23m long and 65438 0.42m wide, with a sail area of 7.06m2 and a ship weight of 59kg. The ship was designed by Canadian Bruce Herbie and developed in the 1960s. 1992 was included in the Olympic Games (Barcelona). It has been carried out in 100 countries. Originally designed as a leisure boat, it was mostly used for holidays, and later quickly became the most competitive sports sailboat in the world. Laser-class sailing requires high physical fitness of athletes. It has been included in most major events, such as Pan American Games, ISAF World Youth Championship, Asian Games and Mediterranean Games.

Women's Double Boat/Men's Double Boat-Class 470

Stabilized plate with spherical sail, length 4.7m, width 1.68m, sail area 12.6m2 \ spherical sail 14m2, ship weight 1 15kg. 1976 Olympic Games (Montreal) was included in the competition. The designer is Andrea Kono. 1986 Busan Olympic Games introduced the women's 470-level competition for the first time. Class 470 is widely used in the world, and the ship's maneuverability is very good. More popular among lightweight players.

Yacht -49-man class

motorboat

A new generation of high-speed sail boat operated by two people is 4.99 meters long, 1.7 meters wide, 2.99 meters wide with side braces, with a sail area of 59.2 square meters (including spherical sails) and a weight of 1.25 kg. The 2000 Sydney Olympic Games was included in the Olympic Games for the first time. The 49-man class is a project developed on the basis of the Sydney 18-foot class sailing boat. The maximum speed can reach 25 knots (46 kilometers per hour). Strict and unified design rules ensure that excellent players don't have to invest expensive financial resources in equipment research and development. The sail area of this ship is very large, so it is difficult to operate. There is a protruding side bracket on each side of the hull, so that the competitors can gain more ballast force.

Multi-hull ship-tornado class

The catamaran operated by two people is the fastest straight-line Olympic-class sailing boat, with a length of 6. 10 m, a width of 3.05 m, a sail area of 2 1.8 m2 and a weight of 140 kg. 1976 Montreal Olympics was included in the Olympic Games for the first time. The designer is an Englishman Rodney Marsh. Catamaran and monohull have different driving requirements. It is difficult to sail in the waves because of the huge speed difference caused by the good or bad control when driving with the wind.

Women's keel boat-Ling Ying class

A three-person keel sailboat is 6.35m long, 0.73m wide/kloc-0, with a sail area of 14m2 and a ship weight of 200-230kg. The boat is suitable for women or teenagers to drive. Designed by Norwegian Jane Green in 1967. Inglin means Youngster. At that time, he designed a one-stop bone boat for 14-year-old son. This level is more popular in northern Europe. The 2004 Athens Olympic Games was included in the competition. At present, there are 3000 events in the world. Jane Green was born on1October 28th. He also designed the Sorin class sailboat in 1965. The Sorin class 1972 Kiel Olympic Games was not included in the sailing competition for the first time until the 1996 Olympic Games. He himself won the ISAF Lifetime Contribution Award in May 2003.

Men's keel boat-star

Two-man keel sailboat, 6.92m long and1.73m wide, with a sail area of 26.9m2 and a weight of 662kg. Star rating is the oldest Olympic sailing event. This checkpoint was designed by American William Gardner in 19 1 1 year, and 1932 was included in the Olympic Games (Los Angeles). This ship is characterized by small cabin, high sail and long and elastic mast. The sail area of the ship is large, and it is difficult to adjust, which requires the team members to have superb technical experience and heavy weight. The best helmsman in the world often comes from this level.

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The formal sailing competition is required to be held on the high seas, and the distance from the coast should be 0.5 ~ 2 kilometers. Sailing competitions in the Olympic Games usually adopt Olympic trapezoidal routes and windward and downwind routes. The departure route consists of an imaginary line between the flagpole of the departure ship and the flagpole of the left ship or buoy. The finish line is also a virtual line. The virtual connection line between the terminal ship, flagpole, flagpole or buoy of the left ship is the finish line, and its width is generally 50 ~ 60 meters, so that the referee can clearly observe the situation that each sailboat (board) passes through the finish line. Due to the constant changes of wind direction, wind speed, meteorology, hydrology and other conditions, the competition venue is not fixed. It is arranged according to the meteorological and hydrological conditions of the designated area (the chart position of this area should be notified to the contestants before the game). The venue layout is usually completed half an hour to five minutes before the start of the game. All kinds of sailboats (boards) set sail at the same time. Due to the open water surface and heavy wind and waves, the start-stop signal is to raise the signal flag on the departure ship and send out strong audio signals (such as flares and gongs). From the starting point to 1, it is marked as an upwind leg. Sailing boats (boards) can't go against the wind, so they need to go zigzag. The stadium is mastered by athletes, and it depends on their experience and skills to judge which stadium is most suitable for the wind. The Olympic Sailing Race will be held at each level 1 1 round (49ers 16 round), and the 10 boat with the best performance in the previous 18 round (49ers 15 round) will enter the final round. Sometimes, due to weather conditions, the number of rounds can be reduced. Because the site conditions are not completely consistent (wind speed and flow velocity are not equal), there is no absolute record of sailing (board) competition.

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Ranking calculation

Trapezoidal route for Olympic Games is usually used in Olympic Games, World Sailing Championships and China Sailing Championships. The number of Olympic athletes is limited to 400, and the number of participating ships is 270. Only one ship is allowed to participate in each project in each country. Sailing race * * * will be held 1 1 round (49-man class 16 round), and the best 9 rounds (49-man class 15 round) will be selected to calculate the ranking of each sailing boat. The scores of each round of ranking are: 1 for the first place, 2 for the second place, 3 for the third place, 4 for the fourth place, and so on. The former 10 ship entered the final. The total score of each sailing boat is the sum of its ranking scores in each round. The less the total score, the higher the ranking.

compete

motorboat

According to the rules of international sailing competition, athletes can bring their own sails, and they can participate in the competition as long as they pass the measurement of the measurement Committee according to the grade regulations. There are two ways to bypass the Olympic trapezoidal route, one is the outer route and the other is the inner route. The order of the foreign competition routes is: sailing-1-2-3-2-3-end; The order of the inner race routes is: sailing-1-4- 1-2-3- destination. The size of the venue is determined according to the meteorological and hydrological conditions during the sailing competition. Different levels of competition require different time, generally between 45 and 90 minutes. There are two main forms of sailing competition, one is the "fleet competition" with a group start, and the other is the "competition" between two ships. Sailing competitions in the Olympic Games are all in the form of "fleet competition". After the sailing signal is issued, any part of the rowing boat hull, crew or equipment touches the course when it reaches the first target course, which is regarded as "sailing". Before the sailing signal is issued, any part of the hull, equipment or crew of the rowing boat touches the route or its extension line, which is called "seizing the route" The hijacker should return to the navigation preparation area within the specified time and set sail again in the way stipulated in the rules. When the hull, equipment or any part of the athlete's body of a sailboat bypasses all the prescribed signs and touches the finish line according to the prescribed voyage, the ship is the finish line of the race.

Signal and avoidance

The information exchange mode of sailing competition is to display "signals", including visual signals (international navigation flag) and auditory signals (sound), and visual signals are the main basis. The sailing competition rules stipulate various signals and avoidance methods in the course of the competition to avoid collisions and accidents, which must be observed by the participating sailboats. One of the most important is "fair sailing", which must be won with superb technology and maximum speed, and it is not allowed to try to win by improper means. The navigation rules of the competition also stipulate the direction of navigation and bidding. All sailboats must bid according to the designated party, otherwise the race will be considered incomplete. If the sailboat fouls in the race, it should be punished according to the "rules of the race" and "rules of navigation", and then continue the race. Referee ship is the organization and command facility of sailing competition. All the "signals" are displayed on the referee's boat. When the flag of a certain level is raised at the flagpole of the departure ship, it indicates that it is ready to leave, which is an early warning signal of that level, and there are still 5 minutes to leave the ship; Raise the "P" flag (or I, Z, black flag), indicating that there are still 4 minutes to leave the flight; Lower the "P" flag (or I, Z, black flag), indicating that there is still 1 minute left; Lower the flag with an audible signal as a sign of navigation. Before the route is opened, the sailboat will be recalled and set sail again in order to seize the voyage. If there are more sailboats competing, and the referee can't distinguish the sailboats competing, then all the sailboats of this class will be recalled and set sail again. Sailing boats must abide by the race route rules and navigation rules from the time of preparing the signal for 5 minutes.

Matters needing attention

The sailing competition is held at sea, and the situation at sea is complicated. Therefore, athletes must be able to swim and swim a long distance. In addition, athletes should have good physical fitness to adapt to the test of long-term sea storms. International sailing competitions are often held in strong winds, and the wind speed is 10 ~ 15 meters per second. It is necessary to keep the course and speed and avoid capsizing, which requires athletes to do their best to control the sails and boats and keep the balance of the boats. At the same time, we should grasp the surrounding environment, water flow speed, flow direction and air flow changes with a clear mind. In the case of a large number of participating ships, athletes must be familiar with the rules of the game and avoid fouls. In addition, athletes must also know how to check and arrange the equipment on board, especially adjust the sails, in order to get the maximum power.

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Sailing is a perfect combination of wind, water, people and ships, full of vitality. Enjoy the sailing competition, watch the speed, watch people, and the cooperation between the ship and nature. Sailing boat is a magnificent scenery on the sea. However, sailing at sea is a very physical exercise, which requires the crew to be tolerant in a difficult environment. Therefore, the display of athletes' endurance and will quality is also an important aspect of watching sailing competitions. As sailing competitions are held under natural conditions, they are directly affected by meteorological and hydrological conditions. Therefore, it may not be possible to complete the specified round; Therefore, there is no absolute record of sailing competition, only the best results. Sailing competition is limited by the characteristics of the project, and the competition venue is generally far from the shore, so it is difficult for the audience to see the details of the competition on the shore; Even if there is a boat, you can only watch it outside the designated competition area, and it takes several days to win or lose each level, so it is better to go to the seaside for a holiday to watch the game on the spot. On the blue sea, countless masts and sails under the sunlight will make the scenery in front of us more vivid, and the vigorous posture of athletes riding the wind and waves will also give people a pleasant enjoyment of the beauty of sports. The audience can relax and watch the game on the shore, and the details invisible to the naked eye can often be made up by the big screen outside the stadium. sailboat

In the 29th Olympic Games, the venue will be as close to the coast as possible. When watching the game, the audience can bring the national flag and cheer for their favorite team when they approach.

I hope it will help you, agree with it, hehe.