What are the meteorological tools of the weather station?

The meteorological tools of the weather station include: laser cloud altimeter, micro-pulse lidar, forward scattering visibility meter, transmission visibility meter, weather phenomenon meter, lightning locator, wind speed sensor of wind cup, tipping bucket rain gauge.

Detailed introduction of the above meteorological tools:

1. Laser cloud altimeter: By irradiating the cloud with a laser beam, the time between laser emission and reception is measured, so as to calculate the distance of reflection points in the cloud, and the cloud amount is determined by integrating the time.

2. Micropulse Lidar (MPL): It can measure the temporal and spatial distribution monitoring of cloud bottom and multi-layer clouds, the temporal and spatial distribution monitoring of boundary layer, the vertical distribution and temporal and spatial evolution of aerosol.

3. Forward scattering visibility meter: the transmitter and receiver are in two places with a certain angle and a certain distance. The receiver receives forward scattered light from the atmosphere. By measuring the intensity of scattered light, the scattering coefficient is obtained and the extinction coefficient is estimated.

4. Transmission visibility meter: calculate the visibility by measuring the average extinction coefficient of the horizontal column between the transmitter and the receiver.

5. Weather phenomenon meter: it is an intelligent multivariable sensor, which consists of scattering visibility meter, precipitation monitoring system sensor and temperature, humidity, wind direction, wind speed and other sensors. Through the logical analysis of these data variables, we can judge the weather phenomenon.

6. Lightning locator: The lightning discharge parameters are telemetered by using the acoustic, optical and electromagnetic characteristics of lightning radiation, and the preprocessed lightning data are sent to the central data processing station for real-time intersection processing, which can record the time, location, intensity and polarity of lightning.

7. Air cup wind speed sensor: Three cup sensors are used. When the gas cup rotates, it drives the coaxial multi-tooth cutter to rotate, so as to obtain a pulse signal proportional to the rotation speed of the gas cup, and the actual wind speed can be obtained after counting by the counter.

8. tipping bucket rain gauge: the sensitive part is two triangular buckets, which can rotate around the central axis. Every rotation, the moving magnet scans the reed switch once, and the two electrodes are attracted to generate electric pulses. Record the rainfall according to the dumping times. At present, most ground meteorological observation systems use tipping bucket rainfall sensors.