What are the main reasons for the remarkable Asian monsoon climate?

The thermal difference between land and sea mainly refers to some differences caused by the difference of specific heat capacity and heat capacity between sea and land. In summer, the land at the same latitude heats up faster than the ocean, so the land is hot and the ocean is cold, resulting in land low pressure, ocean high pressure and wind blowing from the ocean to the land. Winter is the opposite. We call the wind that changes in the opposite or nearly opposite direction with the seasons the monsoon.

Eurasia is the largest continent in the world, and the Pacific Ocean east of Eurasia is the largest ocean in the world. The huge thermal difference between land and sea and its seasonal variation or the seasonal movement of superimposed planetary wind belts are the main factors for the formation of monsoon climate. In summer, the wind blows from the sea to the land, warm and rainy; In winter, the wind blows from the mainland to the ocean, which is cool and dry, which is also the same feature of monsoon climate.

Typical monsoon climate is the most striking feature of Asian climate. Its specific performance is: (1) monsoon intensity is the largest and its influence range is the widest. The Asian monsoon covers 49 latitudes, including three climatic types-temperate monsoon climate, subtropical monsoon climate and tropical monsoon climate. Other continents are located on both sides of the Tropic of Cancer, with mostly tropical arid climate; In Asia, the Tropic of Cancer runs through central South Asia and northern Southeast Asia. Due to the influence of tropical monsoon, there is still a wet rainy season in a year. Even in the South Asian subcontinent, its arid climate area is not large. (2) The monsoon circulation has obvious seasonal variation. As far as the basic airflow is concerned, the wind direction prevails in the troposphere in East Asia, with northwest, north and northeast monsoons in winter and southwest, south and southeast monsoons in summer. The upper troposphere is controlled by polar and subtropical westerlies in winter and subtropical westerlies in summer. As far as the prevailing air mass is concerned, the East Asian continent is controlled by polar or polar denatured continental air mass in winter, and there are many cold fronts and cold waves. In summer, it is mainly influenced by tropical ocean and tropical continental air mass, and there are often typhoons and thunderstorms. From the climate type, the temperate monsoon climate has four distinct seasons, and the winter is dry, cold and sunny. Summer is hot and humid and rainy; In spring, the mainland heats up quickly, and the air is unstable and windy; In autumn, the mainland cools obviously, the air tends to be stable and the air is crisp in autumn. Tropical monsoon climate is divided into three seasons: cold, hot and rainy, or wet and dry. In the cold season, the northeast trade wind prevails, and it is sunny and dry with little rain. The hot season is sunny and hot, just like the cold season. Southwest monsoon prevails in rainy season, with abundant rainfall and cooler weather than in hot season.